• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.940-942
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• 2005

내장 실시간 시스템은 고 신뢰성 및 고 가용성이 요구된다. 이를 위해서 반드시 필요한 요소들은 결함을 감지 할 수 있는 온라인 모니터링과 감지된 결함에 대한 결함허용(Fault Tolerance) 기법으로 온라인 모니터링에 관련된 연구로는 dRTO 모델[1]의 RMO(Region Monitoring Object)[2]가 있다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 온라인 모니터링 프레임워크를 내장 시스템에서 널리 사용되는 운영교제인 리눅스에 제공하기 위하여 리눅스상에서 동작하는 RMO 프레임워크를 적용한 LinuxRMO를 설계하고 구현한다. LinuxRMO 가 감시하는 대상은 dRTO모델에서 정의된 RMO의 감시대상인 RTO(Realtime Object)[3] [4]가 아닌 리눅스 프로세스들이다. LinuxRMO는 리눅스 프로세스의 변수 데이터들에 대한 실시간 추적, 프로세스들에 대한 주기적인 감시 및 사용자가 정의한 허용시간을 초과한 프로세스들을 감지하는 역할을 한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

RMO(Region Monitor Object)는 결함전파나 객체군에 주어진 요구사항의 위반에 의해 발생하는 오류를 처리하는 실시간객체로써 여러 실시간객체의 상태를 감시 및 분석하여 오류를 감지하고, 증상을 진단한 후 알맞은 복구 및 재구성을 실행하다, 이를 위하여 RMO는 응용 실시간객체를 감시할 수 있는 권한을 갖는다. RMO의 권한을 지원해주는 구조는 결함허용 중개자를 이용한다. 결함허용 중개자(FTB 또는 Fault Tolerance Broker)는 RMO가 응용 실시간객체를 감시할 때에 응용의 설계와 응용의 위치에 투명하게 수행될 수 있게 중개자 역할을 한다. 제안하는 감시 구조에는 결함허용 중개자가 응용 실사간객체마다 스터브로 붙는 스터브 방식과 각 노드의 커널에 모듈로 존재하는 커널 모듈 방식이 있다. 본 논문은 스터브 방식에서 RMO가 응용 실시간객체를 감시하는 구조를 제시하고 구현한다. 결함허용 중개자 스터브는 응용 실시간객체와 같은 주소 공간에 존재하면서 응용 실시간객체에서 발생하는 메세지를 가로채고 소속자료에 접근한다. RMO는 결함허용 중개자 스터브가 제공하는 인터페이스를 통해서 응용 실시간객체에 대한 감시 정보를 얻는다. 제안한 감시 구조는 실시간객체 모델인 dRTO(dependable RTO) 모델에 기반하여 설계하였고 실시간 커널인 dKernel 상에서 구현 및 실험하였으나 다른 모델이나 커널에도 적용될 수 있다.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-194
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• 2019

In order to overcome the limitation of market orientation concept, Narver et al. (2004) have extended the original concept into two dimensions, responsive market orientation (RMO) and proactive market orientation (PMO), respectively. Yet, there has been very limited empirical studies that analyzed the differential effects of each market orientation on firm outcomes, especially in the Korean context. We analyze the impact of RMO and PMO on the new product performance in the perspective of SMEs and examine the moderating effect of external factors such as environmental uncertainty and market similarity. The results of this study show that both RMO and PMO have a significant positive effect on the new product performance of SMEs. Also, environment uncertainty shows a negative moderating effect on the relationship between RMO and new product performance, whereas it has positive moderation with PMO. This suggests that focusing on potential customers' needs rather than current needs helps improve firm performance as the competitive environment surrounding the firm becomes more uncertain. Lastly, market similarity showed a positive moderating effect on the relationship between RMO and new product performance, but not on PMO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.631-639
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• 2001

Two experiments were carried out concerning the effects of urea-molasses cake (UMC) and its separate components as supplements on rumen environment, in sacco feed degradability and intake of swamp buffaloes fed rice straw, grasses or a mixture of grasses and rice straw. Experiment 1 was a change-over design with 4 animals and 6 treatments. The buffaloes were fed rice straw ad libitum, and the experimental treatments were: no supplementation (R); 700 g of the complete urea-molasses cake (RUMC); 53.2 g urea (RU); 276 g rice bran and 52.5 coconut meal (RRC); 26.6 g salt, 26.6 g bone meal and 2.1 g trace minerals (RMi); and 25 g molasses (RMo). Experiment 2 was a Latin square design with four diets and four animals. The treatments were: rice straw ad libitum and mixed grass (RG) at 2.5 g dry matter per kg live weight (LW); RG plus 700 g urea-molasses cake (RGUMC); mixed grass ad libitum (G); and G plus 700 g cake (GUMC). In both experiments the supplements were fed once daily. In Exp. 1 although the rumen pH was significantly different (p<0.05) among diets, it varied only from 6.90 to 7.06. The ruminal ammonia was also significantly (p<0.05) different among the diets with RUMC significantly higher than R. Total bacterial and protozoal counts were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the RUMC, RU, RMo and RRC diets. Total feed and rice straw intakes were highest for RUMC (p<0.05) and lowest for the RMi and RMo diets, but in sacco degradability of four different roughages were not significantly different among diets. In Exp. 2, rumen pHs of the diets differed significantly and (p<0.01) ranged from 7.04 - 7.19. Ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentrations (mg/100 ml) were also significantly different (p<0.05), and higher for the RGUMC, G and GUMC diets. The total counts of bacteria and protozoa were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the RGUMC, G and GUMC diets. The total feed intake and roughage intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the RGUMC, G and GUMC diets compared to the RG diet. Correspondingly, LW changes also differed among treatments (p=0.06). It was concluded that there were significant increases in rumen $NH_3-N$ concentration, microbial populations and feed intake in the buffaloes by UMC supplementation, whereas the significant difference in in sacco DM degradation was not found by any type of supplementation. There seemed to be a need of a combination of urea, molasses, minerals and other protein nitrogen sources to enhance rice straw intake. Adding grass to the rice straw diet at 0.25% LW (DM) should also be considered to maintain buffalo rumen function and production with UMC supplementation, when rice straw is the main roughage.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.638-642
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• 2005

For gas hydrate exploration, long offset multichannel seismic data acquired using by the 4km streamer length in Ulleung basin of the East Sea. The dataset was processed to define the BSRs (Bottom Simulating Reflectors) and to estimate the amount of gas hydrates. Confirmation of the presence of Bottom Simulating reflectors (BSR) and investigation of its physical properties from seismic section are important for gas hydrate detection. Specially, faster interval velocity overlying slower interval velocity indicates the likely presences of gas hydrate above BSR and free gas underneath BSR. In consequence, estimation of correct interval velocities and analysis of their spatial variations are critical processes for gas hydrate detection using seismic reflection data. Using Dix's equation, Root Mean Square (RMS) velocities can be converted into interval velocities. However, it is not a proper way to investigate interval velocities above and below BSR considering the fact that RMS velocities have poor resolution and correctness and the assumption that interval velocities increase along the depth. Therefore, we incorporated Migration Velocity Analysis (MVA) software produced by Landmark CO. to estimate correct interval velocities in detail. MVA is a process to yield velocities of sediments between layers using Common Mid Point (CMP) gathered seismic data. The CMP gathered data for MVA should be produced after basic processing steps to enhance the signal to noise ratio of the first reflections. Prestack depth migrated section is produced using interval velocities and interval velocities are key parameters governing qualities of prestack depth migration section. Correctness of interval velocities can be examined by the presence of Residual Move Out (RMO) on CMP gathered data. If there is no RMO, peaks of primary reflection events are flat in horizontal direction for all offsets of Common Reflection Point (CRP) gathers and it proves that prestack depth migration is done with correct velocity field. Used method in this study, Tomographic inversion needs two initial input data. One is the dataset obtained from the results of preprocessing by removing multiples and noise and stacked partially. The other is the depth domain velocity model build by smoothing and editing the interval velocity converted from RMS velocity. After the three times iteration of tomography inversion, Optimum interval velocity field can be fixed. The conclusion of this study as follow, the final Interval velocity around the BSR decreased to 1400 m/s from 2500 m/s abruptly. BSR is showed about 200m depth under the seabottom

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.2233-2244
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• 1999

It is essential to guarantee high reliability of embedded real-time systems since the failure of such systems may result in large financial damage or threaten human life. Though many researches have devoted to fault tolerant mechanisms, most of them are object-level fault tolerant mechanisms that can detect errors occurred in a single object and treat the errors in object-level. As embedded real-time systems become more complex and larger, there exist faults that cannot be detected by or tolerated with object-level fault tolerance. Hence, system-level fault tolerance is needed. System-level fault tolerance examines the status of a system whether the system is normal or not by analyzing the status of objects. When an error is detected it should be capable of locating the fault and performing an appropriate recovery and reconfiguration action. In this paper, we propose RobustRTO(Robust Real-Time Object) that provides object-level fault tolerance capability and RMO(Region Monitor real-time Object) that offers system-level fault tolerance capability. Then we show how highly dependable fault tolerant systems can be modeled by RobustRTO and RMO. The model is presented based on real-time objects.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.943-960
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• 2009

This study suggests an algorithm for generating TMY(typical meteorological year) for the Korean peninsula, and generates the TMY based on the algorithm using 11 years(1998~2008) wind data observed at 77 sites of Regional Meteorological Offices(RMO). The algorithm consists of computing TMM scores based on the various statistics defined by the Fikenstein-Shafer statistical model and, in turn, generating TMY based on the TMM scores. Also the algorithm has two stages designed to yield the best representation of the regional wind characteristics appeared during the 11 years(1998~2008). The first stage is designed for the representation of each of 77 regions of RMO and the second is for the Korean peninsula. Various comparison studies are provided to demonstrate the properties of the TMY like its utility and typicality.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.271-281
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was fourfold - to evaluate the general laws of friction applied to orthodontic conditions, to compare archwire materials under these controlled conditions, to compare ligation method, and to measure the effect of the artificial saliva on friction with these materials Three wire alloys (Cobalt-chromium, Nickel-titanium, Beta-titanium) in two size wires (.016" , .016" ${\times}$.022" ) were examined respect to the bracket (.018" ${\times}$.025" standard), and two ligature material (stainless steel, elastomeric) in dry and wet conditions The results were as follows, 1. The order of frictional force against alloy materials was Co-Cr (lowest), Ni-Ti, and ${\beta}$-Ti(highest) - with the exception of elastomeric ligation under wet conditions. 2. S.S. ligation gave rise to significantly greater friction than elastomeric ligation did. 3. Testing in the presence of saliva, rather than in dry conditions, decreased the frictional force for S.S. ligation with .016" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, ${\beta}$-Ti. but, increased the frictional force for S.S. ligation with .016" ${\times}$ .022" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, ${\beta}$-Ti. 4. .016" ${\times}$.022 " wire generated more friction than .016" wire.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.943-954
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• 1997

Forces needed for orthodontic tooth movement are obtained from various appliances such as orthodontic wires or elastic rubber. Orthodontic elastic rubber is widely used clinically, but permanent deformation and force decay may occur from the environmental changes, time of clinical use and the extent of the stretch, making the Prediction of force being applied difficult. The Present study examined and compared the changes in residual force between three brands of elastomeric chains (Ormco Generation II Power Chains ; brand A, RMO : Energy-Chain ; brand B, Unitek : AlastiK ; brand C) under various environmental conditions, amount of initial force, types of elastomer and the rate of extension. The characteristic physical properies of the elastomeric chains were as follows. 1. In all three brands, the residual force ratio was largest when the chains were stored in air, with no difference between water and saliva. 2. In all three brands, after 24 hours, there was no statistical difference in residual force ratio according to the initial force level. 3. In Brand A and B, the presence of filament had no correlation with the residual force ratio. In Brand C force decay was more severe when the chain contained filament. 4. In each brand, rate of extension had no effect on residual force ratio. 5. Brand B showed relatively higher residual force ratio compared to other brands.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.310-319
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• 2009

Objective: NiTi closed coil springs were reported to have relatively constant unloading forces. However, the characteristics of NiTi closed coil springs from various manufacturers have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare load-deflection characteristics of various NiTi closed coil springs and to find out the optimal range of extension. Methods: Seven kinds of NiTi closed coil springs from five manufacturers were tested. Load deflection curves were obtained at extension ranges from 2 mm to 30 mm. Also, springs were kept extended during a 4 week period, and then load deflection curves were obtained again. Results: Sentalloy (Tomy) and Jinsung blue (Jinsung) showed superelasticity in every extension ranges tested and showed plastic deformation of less than 1 mm. Ni-Ti (Ormco) showed superelasticity only after the springs were extended at or more than 10 mm, thereby meaning that clinicians should extend these springs at or more than 10 mm to utilize the superelasticity. Orthonol (RMO) and Nitanium (Ortho Organizers) did not show superelasticity. After 4 weeks of extension, all springs showed plastic deformation less than 1 mm when the extension was at or under 25 mm. Conclusions: The superelastic behavior of NiTi closed springs were different among various NiTi spring products, and some NiTi closed springs failed to show superelasticity.