• 수면정신생리
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

목 적 : 제 1형 당뇨병을 진단 받은 소아 청소년 환자들을 대상으로 RLS를 평가하고 RLS를 동반하는 환자군과 RLS를 동반하지 않은 환자군 간의 임상적 변인과 수면의 특성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 소아 청소년과에서 제 1형 당뇨병으로 진단 받은 7세 이상 18세 이하의 소아 청소년 55명을 대상으로 면담, 설문조사, 임상학적 검사를 시행하였다. RLS 진단은 IRLSSG 진단기준을 따랐으며 설문은 Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), International restless legs syndrome rating scale (IRLSRS)를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 55명의 대상자 중 RLS 빈도는 13명으로 23.6%였다. RLS 관련 변인으로 BMI, Hb, Iron, ferritin, TIBC, creatinine, GFR에서 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. RLS 환자 13명 중 RLS 가족력을 가진 환자는 7명으로, RLS가 없는 환자의 경우와 현저한 차이를 보였다. 수면의 특성을 조사한 결과 RLS를 동반한 환자군이 RLS를 동반하지 않은 군에 비해 ESS, IRLSRS 결과가 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 제 1형 당뇨병을 진단 받은 소아 청소년은 RLS가 흔히 동반되었다. 임상적으로 당뇨 소아 청소년의 RLS 동반여부와 수면의 질을 평가하여 치료하는 것이 필요하겠으며 향후 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 보다 객관적인 방법을 이용한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 자망에 대한 대게 수컷의 망목선택성을 구명하기 위하여 5종류의 망목 (m = 180, 210, 240, 270, 300㎜)으로 구성된 자망을 제작하고, 2002년 1월부터 2003년 3월까지 경북 죽변항 주변 수역에서 총 12회의 시험조업을 행하였다. 망목선택성 곡선의 계산에 사용될 데이터 확보를 위하여 어획된 대게 수컷의 전수에 대한 최대갑장 RL을 디지털 켈리퍼스를 사용하여 0.1㎜ 단위로 측정하였다. 망목선택성 곡선의 추정에는 Kitahara의 방법을 사용하였다. 대수 망목선택성 곡선의 함수로써 좌우대칭형인 2차식과 좌우비대칭형인 3 차식을 적용하였으며, 최소지승법을 사용하여 각 모델의 파라미터를 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자망에 대한 대게 수컷의 망목선택성 곡선은 Model 의 적합도 비교를 통하여 좌우비대칭형인 3 차식이 선택되었다. 2. 망목선택성의 결과는 망목이 커질수록 소형 수게의 혼획이 감소한다는 것을 나타낸다. 3. 망목선택성 곡선은 이하의 수식으로 표현된다. S(R) = S(RL/m) ＝ exp ((44.06 R³- 84.16 R²+ 52.30 R-5.46) - 5.17) 4. 선택률 1을 나타내는 최적 RL/m의 값은 0.549이며, 선택률 0.5, 0.25, 0.2를 나타내는 RL/m은 각각 0.356, 0.296, 0.281로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1993

Microcapsules(Mc) of cephalexin (CEPH), using Eudragit RS, RL, L, S and polyethylene glycol 1540, were evaluated biopharmaceutically. The area under the curve of CEPH-Eudragit RS/RL Mc administered orally once was larger than that of cephalexin powder twice every 6 hrs. Controlledrelease effectiveness and the absorption rate effectiveness, two important parameters of Vallner's method, of CEPH-Eudragit RS/RL Mc indicate that these Mc can be good sustained-release preparations. And a simple pharmacokinetic model is introduced which allows the gastric emptying and intestinal-transit rates of a drug itself and a solid-state drug contained in Mc. Decreasing $K_r$, without change in $K_a$, showed that the rate-limiting step of absorption moved from absorption step to releasestep.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.102-102
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• 1993

제1차년도 연구에서 Goto등의 방법을 응용하여 생체에 대하여 안전하고 transit 양상에 대해 재현성이 확보되는 경구용 방출조절성 마이크로캅셀을 개발 하였다. 즉 methacrylate polymer(Eudragit RS, RL, E, S 및 L)의 특성을 이용하여 B-락탑계 항생물질(amoxicillin 및 cephaiexin)을 함유하는 마이크로캅셀을 제조하는 방법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에 있어서는 제1차년도에 in vitro 실험결과 유용한 서방성 제제로 판단되는 cephalexin 함유 Eudragit RS/RL, S/L 및 RS/PEG 마이크로캅셀을 제조하여 가토에 경구투여 후 생체이용률을 평가하였다. 또한 소화관에서 약물의 방출속도 및 흡수속도등을 고려한 모델을 구축하여 약물속도론적으로 해석함으로써 실제 임상에 적용할 수 있는 유용한 경구투여용 마이크로캅셀을 개발하고자 하였다. 1. in vitro 실험 입도분포, 함량시험, 용출시험 2. in vivo 실험 1) AUC에 의한 평가 2) Vallver 등의 방법에 의한 평가 3) 약물속도론적 방법에 의한 평가 결론: 1. Eudragit 의 특성을 이용하여 유중건조법으로 40％ cephalexin 함유 Eudragit RL/RS, S/L 및 RS/PEG 마이크로캅셀을 제조할 수 있었고 각 조성비를 변화시킴으로써 약물방출을 조절할 수 있었다. 2. 약물속도론적 해석결과 마이크로캅셀제제의 Ka는 변화하지않고 Kr이 감소되는 즉, 약물흡수의 율속단계가 방출단계임을 보여주었다. 3. Eudragit RL/RS 마이크로캅셀은 제어방출 효율 및 흡수속도 효율이 우수한 서방성 제형으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 특별 심포지엄 논문집
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• pp.63-72
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• 2007

Current estimates of the ice-mass balance over the Greenland and the Antarctica using retrievals of time-varying gravity from GRACE are presented. Two different GRACE gravity data, UTCSR RL01 and UTCSR RL04, are used for the estimates to examine the impact of the relative accuracy of background models in the GRACE data processing for inter-annual variations of GRACE gravity data. In addition, the ice-mass balance is appraised from the conventional GRACE data, which represents global gravity, and the filtered GRACE data, which isolates the terrestrial gravity effect from GRACE gravity data. The former estimate shows that there exists similar negative trends of ice-mass balance over the Greenland from UTCSR RL01 and UTCSR RL04 while the time series from the both GRACE data over the Antarctica differ significantly from each other, and no apparent trends are observed. The result for the Greenland from the latter calculation is similar to the former estimate. However, the latter calculation presents positive trends of ice-mass balance for the Antarctica from both GRACE data. These results imply that residual oceanic geophysical signals, particularly for ocean tides, significantly corrupt the ice-mass estimate over the Antarctica as leakage error. In addition, the spatial alias of GRACE is likely to affect the ice-mass balance because the spatial spectrum of ocean tides is not conserved via GRACE sampling, and thus ocean tides contaminate terrestrial gravity signal. To minimize the alias effect, I suggest to use the combined gravity models from GRACE, SLR and polar motion.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2018

Modern communication systems employ wideband antennas with circular polarization (CP) radiation. In this work, asymmetric modified bow-tie (ABT) and symmetric modified bow-tie (SBT) slotted circularly polarized single-point probe-fed circular patch antennas with dimensions of $40mm{\times}40mm$ for wideband applications are proposed. A 10 dB RL bandwidth of 350 MHz with CP, 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 100 MHz, peak gain of 4.9 dBic, and 10 dB RL bandwidth of 530 MHz with CP, 3 dB AR bandwidth of 140 MHz, peak gain of 5 dBic are obtained for ABT and SBT slotted circular patch antennas, respectively. The proposed SBT slotted patch is scaled up and down to $50mm{\times}50mm$ and $30mm{\times}30mm$, respectively. The proposed scaled-up version offers 10 dB RL and 3 dB AR bandwidths of 340 MHz and 80 MHz, with a peak gain of 5 dBic. The scaled-down version offers 10 dB RL and 3 dB AR bandwidths of 710 MHz and 180 MHz, with a peak gain of 5.25 dBic. These prototypes are suitable to work in IEEE 802.11a WLAN, ISM, and IEEE 802.11ac applications. The measured and simulated results are then discussed and compared.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2021

Detecting fraudulent insurance claims is difficult due to small and unbalanced data. Some research has been carried out to better cope with various types of fraudulent claims. Nowadays, technology for detecting fraudulent insurance claims has been increasingly utilized in insurance and technology fields, thanks to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in addition to traditional statistical detection and rule-based methods. This study obtained meaningful results for a fraudulent insurance claim detection model based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies, using fraudulent insurance claim data from previous research. In our search for a method to enhance the detection of fraudulent insurance claims, we investigated the reinforcement learning (RL) method. We examined how we could apply the RL method to the detection of fraudulent insurance claims. There are limited previous cases of applying the RL method. Thus, we first had to define the RL essential elements based on previous research on detecting anomalies. We applied the deep Q-network (DQN) and double deep Q-network (DDQN) in the learning fraudulent insurance claim detection model. By doing so, we confirmed that our model demonstrated better performance than previous machine learning models.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2022

An intelligent distributed multi-agent system (IDMS) using reinforcement learning (RL) is a challenging and intricate problem in which single or multiple agent(s) aim to achieve their specific goals (sub-goal and final goal), where they move their states in a complex and cluttered environment. The environment provided by the IDMS provides a cumulative optimal reward for each action based on the policy of the learning process. Most actions involve interacting with a given IDMS environment; therefore, it can provide the following elements: a starting agent state, multiple obstacles, agent goals, and a cluttered index. The reward in the environment is also reflected by RL-based agents, in which agents can move randomly or intelligently to reach their respective goals, to improve the agent learning performance. We extend different cases of intelligent multi-agent systems from our previous works: (a) a proposed environment-clutter-based-index for agent sub-goal selection and analysis of its effect, and (b) a newly proposed RL reward scheme based on the environmental clutter-index to identify and analyze the prerequisites and conditions for improving the overall system.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.87-106
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• 2024

Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Home Centralized Photovoltaic (HCPV) systems can address various energy storage issues and enhance demand response programs. Renewable energy, such as solar energy and wind turbines, address the energy gap. However, no energy management system is currently available to regulate the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and appliance consumption within a smart microgrid. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, electric vehicles, and Micro-Grid (MG) storage on maximum solar radiation hours. Several Deep Learning (DL) algorithms were applied to account for the uncertainty. Moreover, a Reinforcement Learning HCPV (RL-HCPV) algorithm was created for efficient real-time energy scheduling decisions. The proposed algorithm managed the energy demand between PV solar energy generation and vehicle energy storage. RL-HCPV was modeled according to several constraints to meet household electricity demands in sunny and cloudy weather. Simulations demonstrated how the proposed RL-HCPV system could efficiently handle the demand response and how V2H can help to smooth the appliance load profile and reduce power consumption costs with sustainable power generation. The results demonstrated the advantages of utilizing RL and V2H as potential storage technology for smart buildings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3653-3656
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• 2012

Background: A number of effective prevention measures have been introduced in attempts to substantially reduce both the incidence and mortality due to many kinds of cancer. The search for new anti-cancer compounds in foods or in plant medicines is one realistic and promising approach to prevention. Chinese medicines provide a rich pool of novel and efficacious agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Previously it was demonstratrated that hyperin extracted from the Manchurian rhododendron leaf reduces the proliferation of many cancer cells. The present study was carried out to evaluate its effects on human endometrial cancer cell viability and apoptosis and to investigate its mechanisms of action in RL952 cells. Methods: Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Intracellular calcium ions were detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The effects of hyperin on apoptosis related proteins in RL952 cells were examined using Western blot analysis. Results: The growth of RL952 cells was inhibited by treatment with hyperin. OD values of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased and expression of bcl-2 was increased and bax was decreased in protein levels in RL952 cells after 24 h of hyperin treatment, Moreover, intracellular calcium accumulation occurred in hyperin-treated cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that hyperin may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human endometrial cells via a $Ca^{2+}$-related mitochondrion apoptotic pathway in RL952 cells.