• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.691-706
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• 2011

Since security and privacy problems in RFID systems have attracted much attention, numerous RFID authentication protocols have been suggested. One of the various design approaches is to use light-weight logics such as bitwise Boolean operations and addition modulo $2^m$ between m-bits words. Because these operations can be implemented in a small chip area, that is the major requirement in RFID protocols, a series of protocols have been suggested conforming to this approach. In this paper, we present new attacks on these lightweight RFID authentication protocols by using the Gr$\ddot{o}$bner basis. Our attacks are superior to previous ones for the following reasons: since we do not use the specific characteristics of target protocols, they are generally applicable to various ones. Furthermore, they are so powerful that we can recover almost all secret information of the protocols. For concrete examples, we show that almost all secret variables of six RFID protocols, LMAP, $M^2AP$, EMAP, SASI, Lo et al.'s protocol, and Lee et al.'s protocol, can be recovered within a few seconds on a single PC.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2009

In an RFID search protocol, a reader uses designated query to determine whether a specific tag is in the vicinity of the reader. This fundamental difference makes search protocol more vulnerable to replay attacks than authentication protocols. Due to this, techniques used in existing RFID authentication protocols may not be suitable for RFID search protocols. In this paper, we propose two RFID search protocols, one based on static ID and the other based on dynamic ID, which use counter to prevent replay attacks. Moreover, we propose a security model for RFID search protocols that includes forward/backward traceability, de-synchronization and forgery attack. Based on this model, we analyze security of our protocols and related works.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2010

As an automatic identification technology, in which electronic tags are attached to items and system auto-identifies informations of the items using wireless communication technology, use of RFID system is increasing in various fields. According to that, related security problems are becoming important issue. Up to now, many authentication protocols have been proposed to solve security problem of RFID system. In this paper, We show that the RFID authentication protocols in [9, 10], which are compatible with Type C RFID system in ISO 18000-6 Amd1[8], are vulnerable to a spoofing attack. In addition, we propose improved protocols having small additional cost over the original protocols.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

Though there are many authentication protocols for RFID system, only a few protocols support location privacy. Because of tag's hardware limitation, these protocols suffer from many security threats, especially from DoS (Denial of Service) attack. In this paper, we explain location privacy problem and show vulnerabilities of RFID authentication protocols. And then, we suggest an authentication protocol that is strong against location tracing, spoofing attack and DoS attack

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.776-796
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• 2010

Integrated RFID-WSNs (wireless sensor networks) have recently been researched to provide object identities, sensing information, mobile service, and network functionalities. In integrated RFID-WSNs, the reader collision is one of the critical problems. Above all, due to the absence of universally applicable anti-collision protocols and the channel capture phenomenon, the medium access control protocols in integrated RFID-WSNs suffer from reader collision and starvation problems. In this paper, we propose an efficient MAC protocol, called EMP, to avoid the above problems in integrated RFID-WSNs. EMP is a CSMA-based MAC protocol which is compatible with sensor networks operating on integrated nodes which consist of an RFID reader and a senor node. EMP resolves not only the reader collision problem, but also the starvation problem using a power control mechanism. To verify the performance of EMP, we compared it with other anti-reader collision MAC protocols using simulations. As a result, the performance of EMP showed improvements in throughput, system efficiency, and energy consumption compared to the single data channel protocols (CSMA/CA, Pulse, and DiCa) in dense deployment environments.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2011

One of the key issues in implementing RFID systems is to design anti-collision protocols for identifying all the tags in the interrogation zone of a RFID reader with the minimum identification delay. In this paper, Furthermore, in designing such protocols, the limited resources in tags and readers in terms of memory and computing capability should be fully taken into consideration. we first investigate two typical RFID anti-collision algorithms, namely RFID Gen2 Q algorithm (accepted as the worldwide standard in industrial domain) and FAFQ algorithm including their drawbacks and propose a new RFID anti-collision algorithm, which can improve the performance of RFID systems in terms of tag identification time considerably. Further, we compared performance of the proposed algorithm with Q algorithm and FAFQ algorithm through computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.253-259
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• 2008

RFID is a generic term for technologies which use RF waves to identify, track, or categorize any object. A radio frequency identification (RFID) reader recognizes objects through wireless communications with RFID tags. Tag collision arbitration for passive tags is a significant issue for fast tag identification due to communication over a shared wireless channel. One of the research areas in RFID system is a tag anti-collision protocol. In this paper, various anti-collision protocols are discussed. The pros and cons of different anti-collision protocols are compared with each other and their performance is analyzed and the better performance anti-collision protocol is suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.1C
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• pp.24-33
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• 2012

Recently, the ultra-lightweight authentication RFID protocol that can actually implement on the RFID Tag is one among authentication protocols getting a concern, but recently many problems were clarified of the feature becase of the protocol which doesn't use the security algorithm. In this paper, we analyzed the problem of the ultra-lightweight authentication protocols and propose the design of ultra-lightweight RFID authentic ation protocols improving the index processing techniques. Because of improving the index processing technique in the method sending the Server authentication message to the authenticated tag, the proposed protocol is strong against the active attack which Li presents. Besides, the proposed protocol has the buffer storage of the keys and index and is strong against the asynchronous attack.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.561-580
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• 2011

This paper describes different aspects of a typical RFID implementation. Section 1 provides a brief overview of the concept of Automatic Identification and compares the use of different technologies while Section 2 describes the basic components of a typical RFID system. Section 3 and Section 4 deal with the detailed specifications of RFID transponders and RFID interrogators respectively. Section 5 highlights different RFID standards and protocols and Section 6 enumerates the wide variety of applications where RFID systems are known to have made a positive improvement. Section 7 deals with privacy issues concerning the use of RFIDs and Section 8 describes common RFID system vulnerabilities. Section 9 covers a variety of RFID security issues, followed by a detailed listing of countermeasures and precautions in Section 10.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

Lightweight authentication protocols are necessary in RFlD systems since a RFlD tag has computation constraints. Over recent years, many protocols have been proposed, In this paper, we examine the HB protocol and its variants, and their vulnerabilities to attacks, We analyze the problem of Piramuthu's attack on the HB++ protocol and propose solutions to it.