• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2016

As commercialization of the Arctic sea route and resource developments are regularized, demands for ice-breaking tankers, LNG carriers, and offshore plants are expected to increase. In addition, the existing ice-breaking cargo ships navigating in the ice-covered waters are worn out. Hence, the construction of new ships is likely to be undertaken for both current and long-term applications. The design of ships navigating in ice-covered waters demands conservative methods and strict development standards owing to the extreme cold and collision tendencies with ice floes and/or icebergs. ISO 19906 recently stated that a fatigue limit should be defined when designing Arctic offshore structures such that the ice-induced fatigue becomes one of the important design drivers. Thus, establishing systematic measures to mitigate ice-induced fatigue problems in ice-breaking ships are important from the viewpoint of having a competitive advantage. In this paper, the issues relating to ice-induced fatigue problems, based on data and published literature, are examined to describe the criticality of ice-induced fatigue. Potential fatigue damage possibilities are investigated using data measured in the Arctic Ocean (2013) and using the Korean icebreaker, ARAON.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Three evergreen ground-cover species were tested and evaluated for cold acclimation with different lights in central Korea to enrich the varieties of ground cover plants for over-wintering. Nandina domestica which recently started to be planted in central Korea had high chlorophyll unit with shade condition in both locations, Banpo and Gwacheon during winter. Light condition had no influence on chlorophyll unit in Banpo after April, meanwhile full sun condition decreased chlorophyll unit significantly in Gwacheon, which is exposed to cold wind from north. Ophiopogon japonicas had more than double chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to that in full light condition in both investigation areas in February. In addition, higher value of L and b in shade condition had been maintained than in full sun condition throughout investigation period. However, leaves in Gwacheon were de-colorized in full sun condition after over-wintering. Pachysandra terminalis had more higher chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to in full sun condition in both investigation areas in February. But light conditions had not effect the difference of chlorophyll unit of Gwacheon in April. Therefore, The present results suggest that evergreen ground covers with shade condition would be used as landscape materials in the capital area.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2021

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans due to trace metals. Livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer is a well-established approach for the stabilization of nutrients and the reduction of pathogens and odors in manures, which can be evaluated as compost·liquefied. In this study, the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers produced at 333 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected from May to December 2019. The nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content were investigated. The livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was measured using a mechanical maturity measurement device. The organic matter, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, E. coli (O157:H7), Salmonella, etc. of the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers were analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was as follows: Cr 2.9 mg/kg (0.2~8.7 mg/kg), Cu 20.4 mg/kg (1.6~74.1 mg/kg), Ni 1.3 mg/kg (0.4~4.2 mg/kg), and Zn 79.8 mg/kg (3.0~340.7 mg/kg). Although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to standardize livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into useful resources.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term management objectives, policy objectives, implementation plans, and detailed plans of four provincial parks established in 2013 using various analysis frameworks. Through this, the study aimed to identify the characteristics of the management plan and extract the implementation plan important to each park by analyzing the priorities in the detailed plan. The long-term management objectives of most parks were to maintain recreational functions by utilizing all the resources of the park, rather than merely preserving the ecosystem. From an ecological perspective, information on major plants and legal protection species are included for most parks, and geological and topographic features considered a major resource. For sustainable forests, it is important to induce the dispersion of concentrated use space. Efficient management systems are distinctively differentiated among the parks. For regional revitalization, the management of programs to link provincial parks and their surrounding areas has become most important. From an ecological perspective, priorities differed for the parks according to their ecological characteristics. For sustainable forests, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the visitor reservation system related to the overall park, while the other three parks prioritized alleviating the concentrated use of specific areas. From an efficient management perspective, Daedunsan Provincial Park prioritized aspects related to the cableway. Maisan Provincial Park prioritized inducing the linkage between the use of natural and cultural resources, and Seonunsan Provincial Park prioritized establishing an ecological and cultural commentary operating system. For the base-type leisure activity space, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the systematic management and operation of the pilgrimage route, Maisan Provincial Park the connection between the Maisan geography and residents' income, and Seonunsan Provincial Park providing a space for ecological education.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2018

Genus Typha L. (Typhaceae; Cattail in common) is one of the hydrophytic plants found in semi-aquatic regions. About nine to 18 species of the genus exist all over the world. In Korea, the most commonly found cattail species are T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia. The aim of this study was to prepare a cDNA library and sequences and analyze expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from these species, T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia. In the case of T. laxmanni, we observed that 715 out of 742 ESTs had high quality sequences, whereas the remaining 27 ESTs were low quality sequences. In this study, we identified 77 contigs, 393 unassembled clones and 65.7% singletons. Furthermore, in the case of T. angustifolia, we recorded 992 high quality EST sequences, and by excluding 28 low quality sequences from among them, we retrieved 120 contigs, 348 unassembled clones and 48.9% singletons. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database results enabled us to identify the functional categories, i.e., molecular function (16.5%), biological process (22.2%) and cellular components (61.3%). In addition, between these two species, the no hits and anonymous genes were 4.2% and 11.7% and 6.2% and 11.2% in T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia, respectively, based on the BLAST results. The study concluded that they have certain species-specific genes. Hence, the results of this study on these two species could be a valuable resource for further studies.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2018

Technology-intensive industries can be used as a major growth engine for resource poor country in the territories. For example, in the case of Korea, nuclear power and radiation technology industry was highly developed, and it was possible to obtain national interests such as solving energy problems within the country and exporting nuclear power plants. On the other hand, there are cases where national damage is caused by erroneous governmental policy-making on technology-intensive sectors. In this study, we analyzed cases of misguided governmental policy-making for technology-intensive industry and three factors were identified. And we tried to develop a rational policy-making model using three types of allison's model in combination. The results of this study are expected to be useful for rational governmental policy-making processes for technology-intensive industries.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng is one of the well-known medicinal plants, exhibiting diverse medicinal effects. Its roots possess anticancer and antiaging properties and are being used in the medical systems of East Asian countries. It is grown in low-light and low-temperature conditions, and its growth is strongly inhibited at temperatures above $25^{\circ}C$. However, the molecular responses of ginseng to heat stress are currently poorly understood, especially at the protein level. Methods: We used a shotgun proteomics approach to investigate the effect of heat stress on ginseng leaves. We monitored their photosynthetic efficiency to confirm physiological responses to a high-temperature stress. Results: The results showed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency on heat treatment ($35^{\circ}C$) starting at 48 h. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis led to the identification of 3,332 proteins, of which 847 were differentially modulated in response to heat stress. The MapMan analysis showed that the proteins with increased abundance were mainly associated with antioxidant and translation-regulating activities, whereas the proteins related to the receptor and structural-binding activities exhibited decreased abundance. Several other proteins including chaperones, G-proteins, calcium-signaling proteins, transcription factors, and transfer/carrier proteins were specifically downregulated. Conclusion: These results increase our understanding of heat stress responses in the leaves of ginseng at the protein level, for the first time providing a resource for the scientific community.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.320-331
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• 2019

Background: Dioecious plant species having both male and female plants have been investigated regarding sex-related characteristics such as sex ratio, sex-differential resource requirements, and spatial segregation of the sexes. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to the survival of plant populations, but dioecious species are particularly more prone to such habitat degradation than non-dioecious species because of their dimorphic sexual system. We examined the sex-related demographics of two Ilex cornuta populations being different regarding land use history. Methods: During 2016-2017, we examined I. cornuta trees with a basal diameter ${\geq}1.5cm$ in the Yongsu-ri population (YS population) and the Gotjawal Provincial Park population (GP population). Plant sex (male, female, or unsexed) was identified. The tree size (basal diameter and height of the main stem), clonal production (the ramet numbers per genet), and vitality for each clone were measured. The associations between population, sex, tree size, clonal production, and vitality were examined using ANOVAs and contingency table analyses. Finally, point pattern analyses using O-ring statistics were conducted to assess spatial patterns. Results: Upon excluding unsexed trees, the YS population with 74 trees was significantly male-biased (0.66), while the GP population with only 26 trees had a 1:1 sex ratio. In both populations, males and females did not differ in tree size. Although the mean number of ramets differed significantly between populations, females tended to produce more ramets than males. The proportion of weak trees was significantly higher in the YS than in the GP population. Neither population showed evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes. Conclusions: The two populations of dioecious I. cornuta are characterized by the small number of trees and relatively high frequencies of non-reproductive trees. Both indicate that these populations are quite susceptible to environmental and genetic stochasticity. On the other hand, the differences between populations in sex ratio, clonal production, and vitality suggest that conservation efforts for I. cornuta need to be population-specific. In order to help recover and enable this vulnerable species to persist, it is necessary to find ways to enhance their sexual reproduction and simultaneously reduce habitat disturbances due to anthropogenic activities.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.58-58
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• 2019

덕항산 산림유전자원보호구역(337ha)은 강원도 삼척시 신기면에 위치하며, 남한에서 유일하게 해발고도 1,000m에 가까운 고산지대에 발달한 카르스트지형을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 석회암지대의 식생현황을 제공하여 석회석 광산 채굴 등 황폐화가 진행되고 있는 석회암지대의 식생을 복원하기위한 식생자료로 활용되고자 실시되었다. 2018년 4월 9일부터 10월 31일 까지 총 15회에 걸친 계절별 현지 조사를 실시한 결과, 덕항산 지역에서 발견된 관속식물은 90과 302속 479종 4아종 51변종 3품종 총 537분류군으로 조사되었다. 그 중 한국특산식물은 북부지방 고산지대에 자생한다고 알려진 Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi(숲개별꽃)과 우리나라 석회암지대에서만 발견된다고 알려진 Saussurea calcicola Nakai(사창분취)와 Peucedanum insolens Kitag.(덕우기름나물)을 포함하여 18분류군이 발견되었고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 멸종위기 야생식물 II급에 속하는 Astilboides tabularis (Hmsl.) Engl.(개병풍)과 Vioela websteri Hemsl.(왕제비꽃)을 포함하여 18분류군이 분포하였다. 또한 석회암지대 지표식물 33분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물 총 113분류군이 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 27분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 취약식물은 특산식물 11분류군, 북방계식물 22분류군으로 총 33분류군이 조사되었다. 본 대상지는 온대북부 석회암지대의 특성상 특산식물과 북방계식물이 주로 발견되었으며, 남방계식물은 현재까지 발견되지 않았다. 지구온난화로 인한 남방계 식물의 북상은 우려와는 달리 현재까지는 미비한 수준으로 판단되며, 북방계식물의 생육에 적합한 환경을 유지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.6-6
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• 2019

대마는 인류가 이용해 온 가장 오래된 약제 중 하나로 그 원산지는 중앙아시아와 남아시아이다. 식물분류학적으로 대마속 일년생 식물로서 Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis 3종이 있으며, 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 종은 Cannabis sativa이다. 대마 재배의 역사는 인류의 시작과 그 궤를 같이하며, 동 서양을 막론하고 고대 문명에서 대마에 대한 기록을 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다. 기록에 의하면 병의 치료나 심리적 치유 및 신에게 제사를 올릴 때 제사장이 사용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 대마의 약효에 대하여는 B.C. 2737년 중국의 신농황제시대의 기록에 관절염과 통증등 의료목적으로 사용했던 최초의 기록이 있으며 본초강목과 동의보감에 저술되어 있다. 우리나라의 대마에 관한 문헌 기록은 삼국지 '위지동이전', 삼국사기 '동성왕편'과 삼국유사에 삼베를 사용한 기록이 있는 것으로 미루어 봤을 때 대마재배의 역사는 삼국시대 이전으로 볼 수 있다. 우리 민족은 생활 속에서 대마를 즐겨 사용하였으며 삼베로 의복과 멍석, 행주 그리고 칠공예품이나 신발등을 만들어 사용하였으며, 죽음에 이르러 삼베옷을 수의로 사용하였다. 대마의 용도는 뿌리, 줄기, 잎, 꽃대 그리고 씨앗까지 다양하게 이용된다. 전통적으로 줄기의 껍질을 이용한 섬유제품이 있으며 실, 의복 및 밧줄등이 있다. 대마 줄기의 속대는 종이, 건축자재, 연료로 사용된다. 씨앗의 경우 식품과 조류의 먹이, 생약으로 이용되고 씨앗의 기름은 연료, 화장품, 맛사지 오일등으로 사용되고 있다. 환각성분이 있어 마리화나 원료로 사용되는 꽃대와 잎은 의약품의 원료로 주목받고 있다. 대마에 관한 최초의 논문은 1843년에 Cannabis indica의 약효에 관한 것으로 보고되었다. 1850년부터 1937년까지 미국의 약전은 대마를 100가지 이상의 질병에 효과가 있는 주요 의약품으로 기재하고 있다. 세계적으로 여러 가지 이유로 대마를 의료 응용과 연구 및 사용을 제한하여 대마에 관한 연구가 침체되었다. 대마의 의학연구는 대마의 약효성분인 칸나비노이드의 발견과 그 구조 및 약효에 관한 연구가 시작되면서 1960년대부터 증가하였으며 2000년 이후에는 칸나비노이드 및 칸나비디올의 다양한 의학적 효과가 밝혀지면서 급격히 증가하고 있다. 대마에 포함된 성분의 의학적 효과가 입증되면서 대마 사용을 합법화한 국가가 증가하면서 대마 산업이 급부상하고 있으며, 의료용뿐만 아니라 기호용, 식품용, 그리고 주류 및 음료시장까지 확대되고 있다. 우리나라도 2019년 3월 질병 치료 목적 대마성분 의약품을 제한적으로 허용하는 마약류 관리에 관한 법률 일부 개정안이 시행되면서 의료용 대마에 관한 연구와 산업화에 관심이 증가하는 추세이다.