• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 2011

Ancient mix seeding that started in China and generated in Korea is one of the methods of securing foods against natural calamities. The history of this technology was excerpted and presented from Chinese agricultural books as "Jeminyosul"(closely one upon the other 5C), "Wangjungnongseo"(from 1313) and Korean agricultural books as "Nongsajikseol"(from 1429), "Hanjeongrok"(from 1610), "Saekyeong" (from 1676), "Jeungbosanrimkyeongje"(from 1766), "Kwanongsocho"(from 1799), "Rimwonkyeongje" (from 1843). In this study, we suggested new environment-friendly agricultural technique to save labors using ancient mix seeding principle, which is seeding different varieties rice without fertilizer and agricultural pesticides. It is essential prerequisite to have the process such as injecting Azolla, no-tillage direct and broadcast seeding with multiple varieties of rice. Based on the results of previous studies, we evaluated the practical validity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.260-275
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• 2020

Background: We investigated the antioxidant, anti-wrinkles, whitening, and moisturizing properties and amounts of phenolic compounds of ethanol extracts from flowers of 10 resource plants from Namwon and Mt. Jiri., Korea. Methods and Results: We measured antioxidant efficacy based on the total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. We evaluated the inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity for the whitening effect. Furthermore, we analyzed the elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibition activity for anti-wrinkle capacity. To evaluate the moisturizing effect, we examined hyaluronan synthase (HAS) mRNA expression. In addition, the 19 phenolic compounds were detected using high performace liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the 10 flowers, the antioxidant effect was high in the order of Rosa multiflora, Nelumbo nucifera, and Elsholtzia splendens. Whitening effect was high in the order of N. nucifera, R. multiflora, and Dendranthema zawadskii. As for the anti-wrinkle property, N. nucifera was the most effective followed by R. multiflora. Taraxacum coreanum was the best for moisturizing effect, followed by D. zawadskii, and E. splendens. Seven phenolic compounds were detected in the extracts of the 10 flowers. Conclusions: Overall, the extracts of five flowers extracts showed strong potential as antioxidant, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and moisturizing functional cosmetic agents.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1507-1515
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• 2006

Angelica gigantis (AG), Rehamaninae Radix(RR), Paenia japonica (PJ), and Polygoni multiflori Radix (PM) have been used as medicinal plants to tonify the blood. General function of the drugs have been known to nourish blood and control the heart and liver meridians. Recently, several studies have proposed mechanisms by which some oriental medicinal herbs work on the immune system. However, it is uncertain whether aqueous-extract of these drugs has immunomodulatory effect yet. In this study, I investigated the immune promotive effects of the water-extracted AG, RR, PJ and PM. The water-extracted AG, RR, PJ and PM inhibited NO production and iNOS expression in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Among these extracts, AG and PM induced expression of IL-2 and IFN${\gamma}$ in mouse spleen cells. In the flow cytometry analysis, PM-stimulated mouse spleen cells showed an increase in B-cell phenotype (CD45R/B220). The oral administration of Polygoni multiflori water-extracts to mice having S-180 abdominal dropsy cancer prolonged life-span more than control mice. These data suggest that among these extracts, PM has cellular and humoral immune-enhancement effect through IL-2 and IFN${\gamma}$ cytokine production, the regulation of NO production in macrophage cells and the B cell production in spleen cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.134-141
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• 2016

The DNA marker T1ex, originally developed from melon (Cucumis melo L.) for monoecy, was employed in chamoe, which is referred to as oriental melon. This marker shows size variations in monoecious melon. However, in chamoe, no such detrimental size variation was found in monoecious chamoe, and 99% association between flower phenotypes and genotypes of the T1ex marker was observed in 106 lines of chamoe. To evaluate the efficacy of the T1ex marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS), a total of 240 plants of chamoe breeding lines were screened using the T1ex marker. Among these, 98 varieties were selected. Although the T1ex marker might not be useful for MAS in melon, we found 100% concordance between genotypes and phenotypes for sex expression in chamoe. These results suggest that the T1ex marker will be a useful resource for MAS for monoecy in chamoe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Traditional cuisine reflects cooking traditions shaped by political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental conditions characterized by authenticity and uniqueness. Traditional food is not only a part of our cultural heritage but also a knowledge resource. Application of food science and technology in Korean traditional foods was reviewed from six points of view, including food preservation, fermentation, changes in food materials, utilization of food functionality, and packaging and development of cooking appliances. Books from disparate times were chosen in order to cover a wide range of materials from the past to the present. Food preservation and fermentation techniques were applied to various food materials. Combination of science and skills contributes to the accessibility of diverse food materials and better quality foods. Koreans use assorted and resilient plants, which have an abundance of functional substances such as food materials. Among cooking appliances, microwave oven and refrigerator are the most innovative products with huge influences on food eating patterns as well as lifestyle. Packaging effectively reduces post-harvest preservation losses, and better packaging has technical improvements for storage and distribution. Kimchi was chosen as an example in order to study technology from the past to the present. Availability of Kimchi cabbage, enrichment of functional ingredients, identification of useful microbial species, standardization of recipe for commercialization, prevention of texture softening, introduction of salted Kimchi cabbage and Kimchi refrigerators, and packaging were reviewed. The future of traditional foods in the market will be competitive. First, traditional foods market should be maintained to protect the diversity of food materials. Secondly, tailored foods for individuals should be considered using foods with functional properties. Information on health benefits would provide insights into health and traditional food products. Third, speedy transfer of new technology to the traditional food industry is needed to ensure food quality production and new opportunities in the market. Fourth, safety of traditional foods should be ensured without sacrificing the essential characteristics of culturally important foods. Improvement of logistics, distribution, and facility should be carried out. As demand for convenience foods increases, traditional foods should be developed into products.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2016

As commercialization of the Arctic sea route and resource developments are regularized, demands for ice-breaking tankers, LNG carriers, and offshore plants are expected to increase. In addition, the existing ice-breaking cargo ships navigating in the ice-covered waters are worn out. Hence, the construction of new ships is likely to be undertaken for both current and long-term applications. The design of ships navigating in ice-covered waters demands conservative methods and strict development standards owing to the extreme cold and collision tendencies with ice floes and/or icebergs. ISO 19906 recently stated that a fatigue limit should be defined when designing Arctic offshore structures such that the ice-induced fatigue becomes one of the important design drivers. Thus, establishing systematic measures to mitigate ice-induced fatigue problems in ice-breaking ships are important from the viewpoint of having a competitive advantage. In this paper, the issues relating to ice-induced fatigue problems, based on data and published literature, are examined to describe the criticality of ice-induced fatigue. Potential fatigue damage possibilities are investigated using data measured in the Arctic Ocean (2013) and using the Korean icebreaker, ARAON.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Three evergreen ground-cover species were tested and evaluated for cold acclimation with different lights in central Korea to enrich the varieties of ground cover plants for over-wintering. Nandina domestica which recently started to be planted in central Korea had high chlorophyll unit with shade condition in both locations, Banpo and Gwacheon during winter. Light condition had no influence on chlorophyll unit in Banpo after April, meanwhile full sun condition decreased chlorophyll unit significantly in Gwacheon, which is exposed to cold wind from north. Ophiopogon japonicas had more than double chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to that in full light condition in both investigation areas in February. In addition, higher value of L and b in shade condition had been maintained than in full sun condition throughout investigation period. However, leaves in Gwacheon were de-colorized in full sun condition after over-wintering. Pachysandra terminalis had more higher chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to in full sun condition in both investigation areas in February. But light conditions had not effect the difference of chlorophyll unit of Gwacheon in April. Therefore, The present results suggest that evergreen ground covers with shade condition would be used as landscape materials in the capital area.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2021

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans due to trace metals. Livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer is a well-established approach for the stabilization of nutrients and the reduction of pathogens and odors in manures, which can be evaluated as compost·liquefied. In this study, the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers produced at 333 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected from May to December 2019. The nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content were investigated. The livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was measured using a mechanical maturity measurement device. The organic matter, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, E. coli (O157:H7), Salmonella, etc. of the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers were analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was as follows: Cr 2.9 mg/kg (0.2~8.7 mg/kg), Cu 20.4 mg/kg (1.6~74.1 mg/kg), Ni 1.3 mg/kg (0.4~4.2 mg/kg), and Zn 79.8 mg/kg (3.0~340.7 mg/kg). Although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to standardize livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into useful resources.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term management objectives, policy objectives, implementation plans, and detailed plans of four provincial parks established in 2013 using various analysis frameworks. Through this, the study aimed to identify the characteristics of the management plan and extract the implementation plan important to each park by analyzing the priorities in the detailed plan. The long-term management objectives of most parks were to maintain recreational functions by utilizing all the resources of the park, rather than merely preserving the ecosystem. From an ecological perspective, information on major plants and legal protection species are included for most parks, and geological and topographic features considered a major resource. For sustainable forests, it is important to induce the dispersion of concentrated use space. Efficient management systems are distinctively differentiated among the parks. For regional revitalization, the management of programs to link provincial parks and their surrounding areas has become most important. From an ecological perspective, priorities differed for the parks according to their ecological characteristics. For sustainable forests, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the visitor reservation system related to the overall park, while the other three parks prioritized alleviating the concentrated use of specific areas. From an efficient management perspective, Daedunsan Provincial Park prioritized aspects related to the cableway. Maisan Provincial Park prioritized inducing the linkage between the use of natural and cultural resources, and Seonunsan Provincial Park prioritized establishing an ecological and cultural commentary operating system. For the base-type leisure activity space, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the systematic management and operation of the pilgrimage route, Maisan Provincial Park the connection between the Maisan geography and residents' income, and Seonunsan Provincial Park providing a space for ecological education.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.583-590
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• 2018

Genus Typha L. (Typhaceae; Cattail in common) is one of the hydrophytic plants found in semi-aquatic regions. About nine to 18 species of the genus exist all over the world. In Korea, the most commonly found cattail species are T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia. The aim of this study was to prepare a cDNA library and sequences and analyze expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from these species, T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia. In the case of T. laxmanni, we observed that 715 out of 742 ESTs had high quality sequences, whereas the remaining 27 ESTs were low quality sequences. In this study, we identified 77 contigs, 393 unassembled clones and 65.7% singletons. Furthermore, in the case of T. angustifolia, we recorded 992 high quality EST sequences, and by excluding 28 low quality sequences from among them, we retrieved 120 contigs, 348 unassembled clones and 48.9% singletons. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database results enabled us to identify the functional categories, i.e., molecular function (16.5%), biological process (22.2%) and cellular components (61.3%). In addition, between these two species, the no hits and anonymous genes were 4.2% and 11.7% and 6.2% and 11.2% in T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia, respectively, based on the BLAST results. The study concluded that they have certain species-specific genes. Hence, the results of this study on these two species could be a valuable resource for further studies.