• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2006

The goal of this study is to show the way to increase the safety of deteriorated PSC beam bridges by the to-box reinforcing method. This method is to change the open girder section into the closed box section by connecting bottom flanges of neighboring PSC girders with the precast panels embedding PS tendons at the anchor block. The box section is composed of three concrete members with different casting ages, RC slab, PSC beam, precast panel. This different aging requires a time-dependent analysis considering construction sequences. Reliability index and failure probability are produced by the AFOSM reliability analysis. Transversely five schemes and longitudinally two schemes are considered. The full reinforcing scheme, transversely and longitudinally, shows the highest reliability index, but it requires more cost for retrofit. The partial reinforcing scheme 4, 4-1 are recommended in this study as the economically best scheme.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제78권4호
• /
• pp.403-411
• /
• 2021

Ties are mandated by many design guidelines and codes to prevent the progressive collapse of buildings initiated by local failures. This study develops a model to estimate catenary/cable action capacity and the required ties in continuous reinforced concrete beams to bridge above the potential failed interior columns. The developed model is derived based on virtual work method and verified using test results presented in the literature. Also, parametric investigations are conducted to estimate the required ties in continuous reinforced concrete beams supporting one-way slab systems. A comparison is conducted between the estimated tie reinforcement using the developed model and that provided by satisfying the integrity provisions of the ACI 318-14 (2014) code. It is shown that the required tie reinforcements to prevent progressive collapse using the developed model are obviously larger than that provided by the integrity requirements of the ACI 318-14 (2014) code. It has been demonstrated that the increases in the demanded tie reinforcements over that provided by satisfying ACI 318-14 (2014) integrity provisions are varied between 1.01 and 1.46.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.156-162
• /
• 2008

클램프 조인트를 이용하여 도로교 바닥판에 적용하기 위하여 실물 크기의 보 공시체를 이용하여 피로 내구성 실험을 수행 하였다. 실제 바닥판에서 발생하는 응력 상태를 가정하여 조인트 부에 주로 전단력이 작용하는 공시체(RC Type), 휨모멘트가 주로 작용하는 공시체(PSC Type), 순전단 타입공시체 3종류에 대해서 내구성 평가를 실시하였다. 클램프 조인트의 보 공시체에 대한 휨/전단 피로 실험의 결과 현행 설계 하중 레벨에서는 클램프 조인트는 루프 철근의 겹침길이에 상관없이 충분한 피로 내구성을 가지고 있다. 또한, 반복하중에 의한 피로 내구성 실험에 있어서도 조인트부의 강성 저하에 의한 변형을 고려하여 조인트 폭은 1.5D 이상으로 하면 충분한내구성이 있다는 결과를 얻었다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.325-354
• /
• 2004

Slabs in buildings and bridge decks, which are restrained against lateral displacements at the edges, have ultimate strengths far in excess of those predicted by analytical methods based on yield line theory. The increase in strength has been attributed to membrane action, which is due to the in-plane forces developed at the supports. The benefits of compressive membrane action are usually not taken into account in currently available design methods developed based on plastic flow theories assuming concrete to be a rigid-plastic material. By extending the existing knowledge of compressive membrane action, it is possible to design slabs in building and bridge structures economically with less than normal reinforcement. Recent research on building and bridge structures reflects the importance of membrane action in design. This paper describes the finite element modelling of membrane action in reinforced concrete slabs through optimisation of a simple concrete model. Through a series of parametric studies using the simple concrete model in the finite element simulation of eight fully clamped concrete slabs with significant membrane action, a set of fixed numerical model parameter values is identified and computational conditions established, which would guarantee reliable strength prediction of arbitrary slabs. The reliability of the identified values to simulate membrane action (for prediction purposes) is further verified by the direct simulation of 42 other slabs, which gave an average value of 0.9698 for the ratio of experimental to predicted strengths and a standard deviation of 0.117. A 'deflection factor' is also established for the slabs, relating the predicted peak deflection to experimental values, which, (for the same level of fixity at the supports), can be used for accurate displacement determination. The proposed optimised concrete model and finite element procedure can be used as a tool to simulate membrane action in slabs in building and bridge structures having variable support and loading conditions including fire. Other practical applications of the developed finite element procedure and design process are also discussed.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2012

무철근 교량 바닥판은 콘크리트 내부의 철근을 없애고 거더를 Strap으로 횡구속시켜 Arching action을 극대화시킨 교량 바닥판이다. 본 연구에서는 무철근 바닥판의 균열제어를 목적으로 FRP bar의 배치량을 변수로 하여 내하력과 균열, 연성도, 파괴시 응력수준 등을 판단하여 FRP bar 최소 배치량을 제시하였다. 실험결과 Steel strap 무철근 바닥판은 최소 0.15% FRP 보강근만 배치하여도 내하력과 연성이 확연히 향상됨을 확인하였다. FRP bar를 보강한 무철근 바닥판에 대하여 피로실험을 수행하였으며 200만회 반복하중 재하후 균열, 잔류 처짐 등에서 장기 사용성에 문제가 없음을 확인하였다. 교량 바닥판은 대체로 펀칭전단 파괴를 하며 2방향 슬래브의 전단강도식을 적용할 수 있으나 ACI, AASHTO 등에서는 바닥판의 비선형 파괴형상과 횡구속에 의한 Arching 효과를 명확히 고려하지 못하기 때문에 실제 파괴강도보다 과소평가 한다. 본 연구에서는 Steel strap 바닥판의 실제 파괴형상과 Strap에 의한 횡구속도를 고려한 펀칭전단강도식을 제안하였으며 이는 실험결과와도 비교적 잘 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제26권B호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2006

The reinforced concrete structure is one of the most popular structures in real construction. Concrete has been strengtened rapidly due to the development of new material and construction technology. But as the concrete has been getting stronger, the brittleness of material has increased and the better ductility has been required. So, the study for strengthening stiffener has been urgently needed. As we said above, it is expected that the use of high strength steel and concrete will be increased. However, The experimental data is not enough for solving problems of the use of high strengthened steel and concrete. In this research, we analyzed 45 combinations of the strength levels of concrete, the thickness of material and the steel strength with regard to simple Reinforced Concrete SLAB Beam bridge. The program MIDAS CIVIL was used to find the optimal combination. As a result, it was found that strength ratio per unit section is in inverse proportion to the strength of material and that the strengths of steel are respectively 400 MPa for low strengthened concrete and 300 MPa for high strengthened concrete. For economic aspect and usability, the effect of high strength steel is not as high as we expected it would be.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2023

교량은 지진에 의해 붕괴가 일어나면 많은 수의 인명피해와 재산피해가 발생할 수 있어 정확한 지진거동 예측과 대비가 필요하다. 특히, 교각은 교량의 지진거동에 있어서 지배적인 역할을 한다. 또한, 교각의 겹침이음 길이 부족과 같은 설계적인 문제가 있다면 지진에 대한 위험성이 더욱 증대하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 교각에서 겹침이음 특성을 분석하기 위해, 겹침이음 길이가 부족한 교각의 수치해석 모델을 정의하고 실험데이터를 통해 검증하였다. 제시된 교각 모델을 일반적으로 사용되는 RC 슬래브 교량에 적용하였다. 교각의 비선형 정적해석을 수행하여 겹침이음에 따른 성능점 변화를 평가하였다. 또한, 지진취약도 곡선을 산정하여 교각의 겹침이음 길이에 따른 지진취약도 비교분석을 수행하였다.

• 도시과학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2022

Conventional RC beams for crossing small and medium-sized rivers do not have a cross-sectional area, so the floating debris is accumulated and disasters such as damage to bridges occur. To improve this, the PSC method was invented. However, this also had problems such as transverse curvature, increase in dead weight due to cross-sectional shape, and negative moment generated during serialization, so it was necessary to develop a new type of girder. Therefore, it was intended to propose a LIT(Leton Interaction Thrust) girder bridge that is safer and has better performance than the conventional PSC girder with improved section efficiency. Unlike existing girder bridges, the LIT girder has the feature that the change in the strands of the entire girder occurs only in the vertical direction when the first tension is applied because the tendon arrangement is symmetrical by applying the raised portion. In addition, slab continuation generates a secondary moment that is advantageous to the continuous point, effectively controlling the negative moment and preventing the corrosion of the tendon. The dimensions of the cross section were determined, and the arrangement of the strands was designed to conduct structural analysis and detailed analysis. As a result of the structural analysis, the stress of the girder showed results within the allowable compressive stress, and the deflection showed the result within the allowable deflection. showed results. In addition, a detailed analysis was performed to examine the stress distribution around the girder body and the anchorage area and the stress distribution of the embossed portion, and as a result, the stress of the girder body due to the tension force showed a stable level.