• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 1991

The metabolic fate of ginsenosides including gastrointestinat absorption, organ distribution, excretion and metabolism in liver was investigated by tracer studies using the radio-labeled ginsenosides. 3H-ginsenosides were shown to be absorbed from the mouse digestive tract and then to be excreted rapidly into urine and/or bile. Bile juice was concluded to play a significant role in absorption of ginsenosides. The total concentration of radioactivity persisted in tissues 24 hrs after oral administration was less than 1.3% of the administered dose and Rbl showed the highest value. The concentrations of radioactivity were relatively high in the liver and kidney. After administration of Rbl radioactivity was detected in the brain. After oral administration of 8H-ginsenosides, major component excreted into urine was found to be the intact ginsenosides and decomposed and/or metabolized products were found in GIT in the case of Rbl. 3H-ginsenoside Rbl was shown to be metabolized in the liver and the metabolite was suggested to be an acylated compound of Rbl by a certain organic acid.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2009

본 연구는 꾸지뽕 나무 열매로부터 75 kDa의 당단백질(꾸지뽕 당단백질)을 추출한 후 꾸지뽕 당단백질의 첨가에 따른 알레르기성 염증 인자인 histamine 유리 억제능력 및 COX-2의 활성 억제 효과를 평가하였다. RBL-2H3세포를 22시간 동안 IgE로 감작시킨 후, HSA를 처리하여 histamine의 유리양을 측정한 결과 꾸지뽕 당단백질을 처리한 농도가 증가함에 따라 histamine의 유리와 COX-2의 활성 억제율은 증가하였다. 또한 꾸지뽕 당단백질의 처리는 HSA에 의해 유도된 세포내 ROS 생성량을 농도에 의존적으로 억제하였다. 한편 꾸지뽕 당단백질을 농도별로 처리하여 세포내 단백질을 추출하여 western blot을 실시한 결과 100 ${\mu}g$/mL 농도의 꾸지뽕 당단백질을 처리한 그룹에서 ERK1/2, AP-1과 COX-2의 활성 수준은 현저히 억제 되었다(p<0.05). 따라서 이러 한 결과에 미루어볼 때, 꾸지뽕 당단백질은 세포내 해독효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 ROS 수준을 감소시켰으므로 꾸지뽕 당단백질의 역할이 다른 천연물 유래의 당단백질과 마찬가지로 특이적인 항산화 능력을 지니고 있음을 나타내며 histamine의 유리 억제와 COX-2의 활성이 억제되었을 것으로 생각된다. 이는 꾸지뽕 당단백질이 항 알레르기 효능을 갖는 물질로써 알레르기성 비염, 아토피 등과 같은 알레르기 관련 질환의 예방 및 치료제로 사용될 수 있을 것 사료된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.190.1-190.1
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• 2003

It has been previously reported that silica dose-dependently caused the increase of histamine release and arachidonic acid release in RBL 2H3 cells. In this study. to investigate role of arachidonic acid in inflammatory response including histamine release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. we observed effects of mellitin on histamine release and ROSgeneration in RBL 2H3 cells. (omitted)

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2005

RBL-2H3 cell에서 HRE에 의하여 histamine이 분비되는 과정에서 ROS가 생성되는지 실험해 본 결과, ROS가 HRF를 처리한지 5분대에 최대치를 보이며 생성되었다가 소멸되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 HRF가 세포내 second messenger로써의 ROS를 생성하였다고 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 ROS는 단백질 정제 과정에서의 endotoxin오염에 의해 영향을 받지만,본 실험에서 규명한 HRF에 의한 ROS 생성은 endotoxin에 의한 것이 아닌, 순수하게 HRF에 의한 signaling의 결과라는 것도 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

Objectives : Tribulus terrestris $Linn{\acute{e}}$ (Tribuli Fructus; TF) has been used to treat hypochondrium, agalactia, nebula, itching and vitiligo in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of TF 30% ethanol extract on inflammatory responses in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Methods : TF extract was prepared by 30% ethanol. RBL-2H3 cells, a rat mast cell line, were treated with TF extract at different concentrations for 1 hr and then stimulated with DNP-IgE/HSA for indicated times. Cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13 and $IFN-{\gamma}$) mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAP kinases (MAPKs) was determined by Western blot. The nuclear expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in the cells was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Results : The treatment of TF extract at 0.1 and $0.2mg/m{\ell}$ significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells, while significantly increased the expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA. TF extract treatment was also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAPKs in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TF extract significantly blocked the translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 into the nuclear of cells after IgE stimulation. Conclusions : These results indicate that TF extract inhibits inflammatory response in IgE-stimulated mast cells through blocking MAPKs/$NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway. This suggests that TF extract has an anti-inflammatory activity in mast cell activation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

$Schizandra$ $chinensis$ Baillon is a traditional folk medicine plant that is used to treat and prevent several inflammatory diseases and cancer in Korea, but the underlying mechanisms involved in its anti-allergic activity are not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate mechanisms of anti-allergic activity of a $Schizandra$ $chinensis$ Baillon water extract (SCWE) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-antigen complex-stimulated RBL2H3 cells and to assess whether gastric and intestinal digestion affects the anti-allergic properties of SCWE. Oxidative stress is an important consequence of the allergic inflammatory response. The antioxidant activities of SCWE increased in a concentration-dependent manner. RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with monoclonal anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) specific IgE, treated with SCWE, and challenged with the antigen DNP-human serum albumin. SCWE inhibited ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release and expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) mRNA and protein in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL2H3 cells. We found that digested SCWE fully maintained its antioxidant activity and anti-allergic activity against the IgE-antigen complex-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells. SCWE may be useful for preventing allergic diseases, such as asthma. Thus, SCWE could be used as a natural functional ingredient for allergic diseases in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2011

Objectives: SaengRyoSaMulTang is a herbal formula in Oriental Medicine, known anti-allergens. However, its mechanism and cellular targets have not been found yet. Thus the study has developed to investigate the suppressive effect of SaengRyoSaMulTang. Methods: In the study, cellular viability, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-4, IL-13 production, manifestations of GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}$B p65 transcription factors were examined by Real-Time PCR, ELISA analysis and western blotting. Results: As a result of treating with SaengRyoSaMulTang extract(SRSMT), the study has shown that the amount of Th2 cytokines, which include PI induced IL-4 and IL-13, plays a significant role in suppressing effect. RBL-2H3 mast cells significantly suppressed the PI-induced Th2 cytokine production including IL-4 and IL-13 in a dose dependent manner. PI-induced IL-4 and IL-13 production was significantly suppressed by SRSMT intervention. Western blot analysis of transcription factors involving IL-4 and IL-13 expression also revealed a prominent decreases of mast cell's specific transcription factors including GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun and c-Fos, but NF-${\kappa}$B p65. Conclusions: The study suggests that the anti-allergenic activities of SRSMT may regulate the transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun and c-Fos inhibiting Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in mast cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.675-680
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• 2002

In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of HCI in oesophagitis, the inflammatory response to HCI was observed in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were used to measure histamine release, arachidonic acid (AA) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite generation induced by HCI. Exogenous HCl increased the level of histamine release and ROS generation in a dose dependent manner, whereas it decreased the spontaneous release of [$^3$H] M and the spontaneous production of peroxynitrite. Mepacrine (10 $\mu$M), oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (10 $\mu$M) and bromoenol lactone (10 $\mu$M) did not affect both the level of histamine release and ROS generation induced by HCI. U73122 (1 $\mu$M), a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor did not have any influence on level of histamine release and ROS generation. Propranolol (200 $\mu$M), a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor, and neomycin (1 mM), a nonspecific PLC and PLD inhibitor, significantly inhibited both histamine release and ROS generation. Diphenyleneiodonium (10 $\mu$M), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and tiron (5 mM), an intracellular ROS scavenger significantly inhibited the HCI-induced histamine release and ROS generation. These findings suggest that the inflammatory responses to HCI is related to histamine release and ROS generation, and that the ROS generation by HCI may be involved in histamine release via the PLD pathway in RBL-2H3 cells.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 한의학에서 여러 가지 질환에 사용되어 왔다. 특히 간경의 습열(濕熱)로 인한 질환에 습열을 제거함으로써 증(證)의 완화에 많은 응용이 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 습열(濕熱)로 인한 질환중의 하나인 아토피 피부염에 그동안 응용이 적은 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)을 실험적으로 응용함으로써 임상적인 가치를 가질 수 있는 지에 대한 기초연구를 진행하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 세포주는 rat leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells로 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 알레르기와 관련된 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-4를 용량의존적으로 억제하였지만 세포독성은 일으키지 않았다. 그리고 동물실험에서 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 PCA반응에서 충분한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 Compound 48/80으로 유도된 anaphylaxis shock도 용량 의존적으로 억제함이 밝혀졌다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2013

Hesperidin (HES), a flavonone glycoside isolated from the citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges, has been reported to have many biological properties including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antiallergy activities. In this study, we focused on the action of HES modulating Th2-associated cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 expression in PMA/ionomycin (PI)-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. The production of IL-4 and IL-13 was quantified by ELISA and the mRNA expression was detected by using RT-PCR assay. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to determine the transcription factors involved in the cytokine expression. We found that HES significantly decreased PI-induced IL-4 and IL-13 productions and also decreased the level of mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot analysis of the transcription factors implied that HES down-regulated the protein level of c-Jun and c-Fos, which are the activating protein 1 (AP-1) family and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) characterized as a transcription factors related to the Th2-associated cytokine expression. Taken together, our data showed that the action of HES responsible for antiallergy activities is based on suppression of Th2-associated cytokines through inhibition of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ transcription factors.