• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1459-1469
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• 2008

Using a rotating biological contactor modified with a sequencing bath reactor system (SBRBC) designed and operated to remove phosphate and nitrogen [58], the microbial community structure of the biofilm from the SBRBC system was characterized based on the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) constituents, electron microscopy, and molecular techniques. Protein and carbohydrate were identified as the major EPS constituents at three different biofilm thicknesses, where the amount of EPS and bacterial cell number were highest in the initial thickness of 0-100${\mu}m$. However, the percent of carbohydrate in the total amount of EPS decreased by about 11.23%, whereas the percent of protein increased by about 11.15% as the biofilm grew. Thus, an abundant quantity of EPS and cell mass, as well as a specific quality of EPS were apparently needed to attach to the substratum in the first step of the biofilm growth. A FISH analysis revealed that the dominant phylogenetic group was $\beta$- and $\gamma$-Proteobacteria, where a significant subclass of Proteobacteria for removing phosphate and/or nitrate was found within a biofilm thickness of 0-250${\mu}m$. In addition, 16S rDNA clone libraries revealed that Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp. were most dominant within the initial biofilm thickness of 0-250${\mu}m$, whereas sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Beggiatoa sp. and Thiothrix sp., were detected in a biofilm thickness over 250${\mu}m$. The results of the bacterial community structure analysis using molecular techniques agreed with the results of the morphological structure based on scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, the overall results indicated that coliform bacteria participated in the nitrate and phosphorus removal when using the SBRBC system. Moreover, the structure of the biofilm was also found to be related to the EPS constituents, as well as the nitrogen and phosphate removal efficiency. Consequently, since this is the first identification of the bacterial community and structure of the biofilm from an RBC simultaneously removing nitrogen and phosphate from domestic wastewater, and it is hoped that the present results may provide a foundation for understanding nitrate and phosphate removal by an RBC system.

• ALGAE
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

The genus Neosiphonia Kim and Lee 1999 contains approximately 30 species worldwide. Unidentified samples from Peru are here described as a new species, Neosiphonia ramirezii sp. nov., on the basis of morphological and molecular data. N. ramirezii sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of a limited prostrate system, well-developed erect filaments, rhizoids cut off from pericentral cells by cross walls, four pericentral cells that are completely ecorticate, scarce trichoblasts, inconspicuous scar cells, procarps with three-celled carpogonial branches, spermatangial branches developed from basal cells of forked trichoblasts, and spirally arranged tetrasporangia. Our new species is distinct from N. flaccidissima (Hollenberg) Kim et Lee, N. sphaerocarpa (Borgesen) Kim et Lee, and N. savatieri (Hariot) Kim et Lee from the Pacific temperate coast of South America and from 14 Neosiphonia species reported worldwide by having limited prostrate filaments attached by numerous rhizoids, dichotomous ("Y" shaped) branches in the main axes, and scarce trichoblasts. Phylogenetic rbcL analyses confirm the placement of the new taxon as a distinct species in the genus Neosiphonia.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

정상 마우스와 Cyclophosphamide(CY)로 처리된 마우스에 Royal Jell(RJ)를 투여하여 면역계에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정상 마우스에 RJ를 투여하였을 때는 대조군에 비하여 마우스의 체중, 비장, 흉선 , WBC 수 , DNFB에 대한 접촉성 과민 반응으로 측정된 세포성 면역반응 및 면양 적혈구에 대한 응집가와 용혈가로 측정된 체액성 면역 반응이 투여일에 따라 증가 또는 감소되었고, RBC수와 간 중량은 영향을 받지 않았다. 2. 증가 작용을 보여준 투여일에 RJ를 병용 투여함으로써, CY 처리로 인한 마우스의 생존율, 비장의 중량 , WBC수 및 세포성 면역 반응의 감소가 약간 억제되었으나, CY를 감소된 흉선의 중량 및 체액성 면역반응에는 영향을 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.828-836
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• 1996

The histological changes of gill, liver, spleen and muscle, and respiration and blood variables and liver glycogen content were examined in black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Fish were exposed to a high level of total ammonia nitrogen (10.4 mg/l) and recovered from exposure $(0.4{\pm}0.2mg/l)$ in a closed recirculating seawater system. In the process of exposure, mortality was $9\%$, and hyperplasia, necrosis or inflammation appeared in all tissues except for muscle. Oxygen consumption was decreased by $49\%$, and red blood cell (RBC) number, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased, while plasma glucose contents, activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased. Liver glycogen content significantly increased from $6.6\%\;to\;10.4\%$. A large amount of hemosiderin was observed in the splenic tissue. During the recovery period, RBC number, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, GOT and GPT activities were returned to the normal status. Histological status of liver tissue was returned to the normal, but liver glycogen content was not recovered. During the recovery period, spleen melanin-macrophages temporarily increased, but subsequently decreased to the normal status.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of angular velocity on muscle strength and blood constituent. Subjects was classified into two groups, which were $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group (n=8), and $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group (n=8). Each group was applied to perform the isokinetic exercises on extensor muscle group for each 7 times in 10 set (3 days per a week for 3 weeks). Muscle strength was measured using peak torque of quadriceps femoris and blood constituent was measured using RBC, WBC and Hb. The peak torque was more significantly increased after 3 weeks application of $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group than $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group. The RBC and Hb were more significantly increased after 3 weeks application of $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group than $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group. But WBC was more significantly increased after 3 weeks application of $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group than $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group. These results indicate that $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application were effective treatment strategy on increase of muscle strength. But $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application were effective treatment strategy on immune protect system.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1987년도 식물생명공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceedings of Symposia on Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.391-401
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• 1987

Plant chloroplast DNA exists as an unique circular structure in which large single copy(LSC) region and small single copy (SSC) region are separated by large inverted repeat sequences (IRS). It has been known that the unique existence of inverted repeat sequences in chloroplast DNA has no relation with the stability of the chloroplast DNA, but causes the inversion between inverted repeat its biological significance has not been understood so far. In rice, several gene clusters have been cloned and sequenced which contain ribulose-5-biophosphate car-boxylase large subunit (rbcL). Especially, one rbcL gene is linked with rp12 gene which is located in the IRS region in one of the gene clusters. By comparison of nucleotide sequence, the two genes are found to be linked through 151 bp repeat sequence which is homologous to the rp123 gene in IRS region. The repeat sequence is found to be located 3' downstream of rfcL gene and near psbA gene in LSC region. The existence of these repeat sequences and the presence of gene clusters caused by the gene rearrangement thorough the repeat sequence provide a possible which is found to be dispersed chloroplast DNA provide the model system to explaine the heterogeneity of the chloroplast DNA in rice in term of gene rearrangement.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2014

본 본문은 Bio-MEMS 공정으로 제작한 마이크로 세포 분석 바이오칩을 사용하여 적혈구의 광학적 특성을 전압으로 측정한 실험이다. Bio-MEMS 공정을 이용하여 세포의 원활한 이동과 측정 분석에 사용되는 글라스에 채널 패턴 에칭을 위하여 포토리소그래피(photolithography)와 산화완충식각(BOE: buffered oxide etchant) 공정 조건, 세포 분석과 정보 전달에 사용되는 광섬유의 에칭을 위하여 산화완충식각 공정 조건, 세포나 유체를 칩과 외부의 전달 등에 사용되는 글라스의 홀을 위하여 전기화학방전(ECD: electro chemical discharge) 공정 조건, 글라스 접합을 위한 자외선반응접합(UVSA: ultraviolet sensitive adhesives) 공정 조건을 정립하였다. 또한 유체나 세포의 흐름 제어를 위한 라미나 흐름 조건, 적혈구세포에 대한 산란빔 파형을 측정하였다. 적혈구 실험을 통하여 출력 광섬유의 각도에 따른 산란빔이 출력측의 광섬유각도가 $0^{\circ}$일 때 약 17 V, 각도가 $5^{\circ}$일 때 약 10 V, 각도가 $10^{\circ}$일 때 약 6 V, 각도가 $15^{\circ}$일 때 약 4 V의 전압(Vpp)으로 측정되었다. 따라서 마이크로 세포 분석 바이오칩 제작의 소형화, 단순화, 공정신간 단축, 정량화하였고 적혈구의 광학적 특성을 측정을 측정함으로써 의공학(biomedical), 바이오칩공학(biochip), 반도체공학(semiconductor), 생물정보학(bioinformatics) 등의 응용과학 분야 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2007

This study was investigated to know the correlation of complete blood count(CBC), biochemical examination and DSOM fluents(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine, (C)2005-01-122-004154). There are 5 fluents in DSOM such as DSOM score(病機點數), mean of the index for pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均), 5-division of DSOM score(病機點數 五點尺度), 5-division of the index for pathogenic factor(病機點數 五點尺度), weighted pathogenic factor(病機加重値).We have carried out clinical trials who volunteered for Sasang constitutional medicine and Oriental OB & GY, Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University, from May 2005 to June 2006. Volunteers were 245 persons. Because 7 persons didn't checkup DSOM, so we analyzed the results statistically for 238 persons. In the relation of CBC and DSOM, the scores(病機點數, zp) and mean of the index for Pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均, zps) showed correlation more frequently, and correlation with results of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit was more significant. Correlation with fluents of pathogenic factor(病機) were more significant and high in deficiency of blood(血虛), insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), coldness(寒), damp(濕), dryness(燥), kidney(腎), phlegm(痰), heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺), and was very low in spleen(脾). There was no correlation with deficiency of Yin(陰虛). If volunteers have DSOM fluents, results of RBC and RBC index was decreased(- derection), and results of RDW, ESR was increased(+ direction). But increase and decrease direction in heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺) was contrary to the others. Correlation with fluents of Pathogenic factor(病機) of WBC, platlet, PDW, MPV was not many. In the relation of biochemical examination and DSOM fluents, correlation with results of albumin, uric acid, triglyceride was more significant. If volunteers have fluents of pathogenic factor(病機), result of examination was usually decreased. Especially result of examination was decreased(- derection) highly in deficiency of blood(血虛), stagnation of (氣滯) coldness(寒), dryness(燥), and was increased(+ direction) highly in heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺). But there was a tendency to show high correlation with specific pathogenic factor (病機) and specific examination in biochemical examination.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2000

Effects of oral taurine supplementation (6g/day)for 2-4 weeks on activities of red blood cell(RBC)total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) were evaluated in healthy female adults (23.6$\pm$0.3 years old). Compared to the value for 0 week plasma GSH-Px activity of the subjects was significantly lower after 2 weeks of taurine supplementation(p<0.05) and recovered to the value similar to 0 week after 4 weeks of taurine supplementation. RBC total SOD activity tended to be decreased after 2 weeks of taurine supplmentation compared to the values for 0 week although the difference between the means of the two group was not statistically significant. Plasma MDA level was not significantly decreased by taurine supplementation most probably due to the fact that the subjects participated in the present study were healthy and their antioxidant defense system had been in the 'normal' range. Plasma MDA concentration was negatively correlated with plasma taurine concentration(r=-0.2003m p<0.05) but tended to be positively correlated with plasma cholesterol concentration(r=0.2465, p=0.0645) as expected Plasma GSH-Px activity was positively associated with the percentage of 22:0 (r=0.2892, p<0.05) or 20:4w6(r=0.2939, p<0.05). On the other hand plasma MDA concentration was positively correlated with the percentage of 20:5w3 in plasma total lipids(r=0.2635 p<0.05) and negatively correlated with $\Delta$5 desaturation index of w6 fatty acids(20:3w6⇒20:4w6) in plamsa total lipids(r=-0.2714, p<0.05) as well as in phospholipids(r=-0.2864, p<0.05). From these results protective effect of taurine supplementation against lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in humans appears to be minimal when the subjects are in a relatively healthy state. Further studies concerning the antioxidant efficacy of taurine should be conducted in human subjects under various disease states related to oxidative stress such as diabetes and artheroxclerosis.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2018

Allium ochotense and Allium microdictyon are commonly known as 'Mountain garlic' and are popular, economically important species in many countries such as Korea, China, and Mongolia. Their leaves are used as culinary side dishes and in traditional medicines. In Korea, these two species are at risk of extinction due to damage to their natural habitat and thus, conservation and breeding programs are needed. However, their identification relies mostly on morphological data, which is limited and until recently, led to classifying these two species under A. victorialis. In the present study, a simple and reliable method of molecular identification was developed to distinguish A. ochotense from A. microdictyon that targets four barcoding regions: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the maturase K gene (matK), the chloroplast psbA-trnH intergenic region, and the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene (rbcL). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in ITS and matK regions, and species-specific primers were designed based solely on the SNP at position 680 of the ITS region that could differentiate A. ochotense from A. microdictyon. Using these primers in amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR, A. ochotense, and A. microdictyon could be simultaneously and efficiently distinguished. This study is the first to report a simple, rapid, and efficient method for discriminating A. ochotense and A. microdictyon, indicating the utility of species-specific markers in the development of conservation and breeding programs.