• 무역상무연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.93-125
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• 2002

This paper aims to find a reasonable solvency margin system in non-life insurance industry and also to evaluate the appropriateness of the current solvency margin regulation system in Korea. The current solvency margin system in Korea, based on EU's solvency margin model, was introduced during the 1997 financial crisis. The solvency requirement is not based on non-life insurer's risk, but simply on written premiums. The current solvency margin for general insurance, such as fire, marine, and automobile insurance, is determined by the greater between a premium-based amount and a claim-based amount, where the premium-based solvency margin is calculated by multiplying the net written premium for the preceding year by the premium based solvency margin ratio. Also, the amount of solvency margin for long term insurance is set at 4% of the policy reserve of the long term insurance. Still, there exist many differences between the current solvency margin regulation system in Korea and EU's model. This paper focuses on the rationality of the solvency margin regulation system, and compares the current system in Korea with EU's model and the RBC(Risk Based Capital) system in U.S. and Japan. Finally, this paper suggests a more specific and reasonable solvency margin system to be developed in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.271-274
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• 1995

Glycolate oxidase is one of the key enzymes in the pathway of photorespiration. In this study we investigated the effects of light on the expression of the spinach glycolate oxidase gene. Continuous exposure to white light resulted in a gradual increase in the steady-state level of glycolate oxidase mRNA within a time period of 2~24 h in both etiolated and dark-adapted green seedlings. A short white light pulse also increased the level of glycolate oxidase mRNA in etiolated seedlings. The mRNA level reached a maximum at 6~8 h after the pulse and decreased by 24 h after the pulse. The induction patterns of the glycolate oxidase gene by white light appeared similar to those of the rbcS gene, indicating that a common or coordinating regulatory system may be involved in the expression of the glycolate oxidase and rbcS genes. A red light pulse induced an increase in the amount of glycolate oxidase mRNA and this effect was reversed by a subsequent far-red light pulse, suggesting that the expression of the glycolate oxidase gene is regulated by phytochrome.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

Water and alcohol extracts were prepared from dried and powdered leaves of Thuja orientalis (T. orientalis). The reducing power, total phenolic content, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, inhibitory effect on Fe (II)-EDTA-$H_{2}O_{2}$ (Fenton reaction system) induced DNA damage and inhibitory effect on human red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis were evaluated in the present study. At a concentration of 200 mg, water and alcohol extracts of T. orientalis inhibited the hydrolysis of DNA by 72.859% and 65.312%, respectively. Water and alcohol extracts of T. orientalis also inhibited 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride induced RBC hemolysis to the extent of 69.30% and 54.55%, respectively. The reducing power and antioxidative activity of water extract was found to be more than that of alcohol extract. This is attributable to the presence of higher amount of phenolic compounds in water extract. The present results indicate that the T. orientalis extracts are rich sources of natural antioxidants and can protect DNA and human red blood cells against free radical induced oxidative damage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 1996

Efficacy and general pharmacology of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO), were investigated. Efficacy studies were conducted in normal, cisplatin- and acute hemorrhage-induced anemic rats. Normal and anemic animals were treated intravenously with rHu-EPO for 5 days and the changes in the numbers of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and reticulocytes (Ret) were examined. In normal rats, rHu-EPO significantly increased RBC, Hb, Hct and Ret at doses of 50∼ 1250 IU/kg/day. Cisplatin-induced anemic rats showed significant increase of RBC, Hb, Hct and Ret in a dose-dependent manner after administration of rHu-EPO (50∼200 lU/kg/day). And in acute hemorrhage-induced anemic rats, rHu-EPO(4∼100 Iu/kg/day) accelerated recovery of anemia with significant increase in Ret. These changes disappeared gradually after cessation of the treatment. The general pharmacological effects of rHu-EPO were investigated in mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits and cats. rHu-EPO had no influences on central nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and blood coagulation system. It also had no influence on the contraction of phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. rHu-EPO produced significant increase of urine volume at a dose of 7000 IU/kg. These results suggest that rHu-EPO might be useful for the therapy of anemia without serious side effect.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 1999

Air-drived rotating biological contactor (RBC) system, which is effective method in filtering performance, was tested for the nitrification capacity in a recirculating system. At ammonia concentrations between 0.029 and 0.528 mg/l, the effect of ammonia loading rate on ammonia removal rate at three different hydraulic loading rates could be defined by the following first­order regression models: Hydraulic loading rate of $14.8 m^3/m^3/day:\;y=39.2\times+3.4 (r^2=0.9137)$, Hydraulic loading rate of $26.5 m^3/m^3/day: y=53.3\times+4.0 (r^2=0.8686)$, Hydraulic loading rate of $37.3 m^3/m^3/day: y=58.4\times+4.2 (r^2=0.7755)$, where, $\times$ is ammonia loading rate (mg/l), y is ammonia removal rate $(g/m^3/day)$, The equations showed the optimal ammonia removal rate at the hydraulic loading rate of $26.5m^3/m^3/day$. Below the ammonia concentration of 2.72 mg/l, first-order regression models between ammonia loading rate and ammonia removal rate at three different rates of speed are defined as follows: Rotational speed of $0.75 rpm: y=28.5\times+4.7 (r^2=0.9143)$, Rotational speed of $1.0 rpm: y=33.6\times+8.4 (r^2=0.9534)$, Rotational speed of $2.0 rpm: y=28.9\times+3.6 (r^2=0.9488)$, where, x is ammonia loading rate (mg/l), y is ammonia removal rate $(g/m^3day)$. The equations show the ammonia removal rate at the rotational speed of 1.0 rpm is significantly higher than that at the rotational speed of either 0.75 rpm or 2.0 rpm (P<0.05).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1985

최근(最近) 오(汚)${\cdot}$폐수처리(廢水處理)에 있어서 고정생물막(固定生物膜)을 이용(利用)한 방법(方法)이, 처리장(處理場) 운전(運轉)에 요구(要求)되는 동력(動力) 및 인력(人力)의 절감(節減)이라는 장점(長點)으로 해서, 활발(活發)히 추진(推進)되어 오고 있으며 또한 국내(國內)에서도, 이를 적용(適用)한 처리장(處理場)이 점차 증가(增加)하고 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 고정생물막법(固定生物膜法)의 하나인 RBC(roating biological contactor; 회전생물막(回轉生物膜) 접촉체(接觸體))에 의(依)한 오수처리방법(汚水處理方法)을 실규모(實規模)의 pilot plant를 현장(現場)에 설치(設置), 5개월(個月) 간(間)의 운전(運轉)에 의(依)해 얻어진 결과(結果)를 분석(分析), 1984. 5. 16 환경청(環境廳)에서 고시(告示)(제(第)$84{\sim}8$호(號))한 오수정화시설중(汚水淨化施設中), 회전원판(回轉圓板) 접촉방법(接觸方法)에서 정(定)하는 설나기준(設羅基準)을 실제(實際) 처리장(處理場)에 어떻게 적용(適用)할 것인지에 대(對)한 검토(檢討)를 해보기 위(爲)해서였다. 회전판(回轉板)의 회전속도(回轉速度)와 체류시간(滯留時間)은 오수(汚水)의 BOD제거효율(除去效率)에 큰 상관관계(相關關係)를 가지며 회전판(回轉板)의 원주달도(圓周達度)가 $18{\sim}20m$/분(分)인 경우가 경제성(經濟性)이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 일반(一般) 가정하수(家庭下水)에 대(對)한 RBC조내(槽內)의 체류시간(滯留時間)은 120분(分)(2시(時) 간(間))정도(程度)에서도 BOD제거율(除去率)이 90% 이상(以上)이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 고농도(高濃度) 오빙(汚氷)(BOD $250{\sim}400mg/l$)인데 대(對)해서도 제거율(除去率) $85{\sim}90%$정도(程度)로 양호하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.889-896
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• 2006

본 연구는 한우송아지 모축의 포육능력별 육성률과 밀접한 관계가 있는 혈중 성장면역관련물질, 증체 및 질병 발병율을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험축은 축산연구소에서 다형성 발굴을 위해 보유중인 계통조성축으로부터 생산된 한우 송아지 40두를 공시하여 모축의 포육능력에 따라 고능력과 저능력구에 각각 20두씩 배치하여 두 개의 처리구를 두었다. 송아지 혈중 IGF-I, RBC, Ca 및 IP 농도는 생후 5일령에서 RBC 농도가 고능력 처리구에서 높게 조사된 것을 제외하고는, 전 시험기간 동안 이들 물질의 농도는 송아지 모축의 포육능력에 상관없이 두 처리구간 유사하였다. 한편, 송아지 혈중 IgG, albumin, total protein 및 GGT 농도는 모축의 포육능력에 상관없이 두 시험구간 유사하였으며, 반면에 이들 물질 중 total protein이 조사 기간 동안 일정 농도를 유지한 것을 제외하고는, IgG, albumin 및 GGT 농도는 송아지 생시 및 생후 일령에 의한 영향을 받았다. 송아지 체중은 모축 포육능력에 의한 직접적인 영향은 없었지만, 고능력 시험구에서 이유후 6개월령까지 체중이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 호흡기 질병과 설사 발병율은 고능력 시험구에서 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 한우의 포육능력은 포유기 및 이유 후 송아지의 성장과 면역에 부분적 영향을 미치며, 질병에 대한 면역력 증진에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2008

Objectives : The Herb-combined Remedy(HCR) for diabetes mellitus is known as an anti-hyperglycaemic agent. But its exact mechanisms are unclear. The present study was carried out to investigate its anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Experimental diabetes was induced by injection of STZ(80mg/kg) to ratsvia the peritoneum. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups : normal group, control group(STZ-induced diabetic rats with no treatment), HCR group(STZ-induced diabetic rats with HCR treatment), MF group(STZ-induced diabetic rats with Metformin treatment). The effects of HCR on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring fasting blood glucose, changes of body weight, food uptake, and water uptake glucose levels in the normal state decline rates in blood glucose levels DPPH free-radical scavenging activity superoxide dismutase in RBC lysate catalase activity in RBC lysate and glutathione reductase activity in RBC lysate. Results : Treatment with HCR regulated blood glucose levels. Treatment with HCR also prevented weight loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, oral glucose tolerance decreased following treatment with HCR. Direct anti-oxidative effects on DPPH free-radical scavenging were not observed, but treatment with HCR elevated SOD levels in blood cell lysates from STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the HCR-treatment group showed an elevated tendency to glutathione reductase activity. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that HCR has anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2015

열대피와 같은 논농사지역의 악성잡초는 국내에 유입될 경우 문제 잡초로 정착될 가능성이 높기 때문에 유입되는 초기에 방제가 될수 있도록 정확한 동정이 되어야한다. 그러나 피속 잡초는 형태적으로 연속변이가 많이 존재하여 종간 구별이 매우 어려운 잡초이다. 본 연구는 미국 NPGS에서 분양받은 열대피와 국내에서 채집한 돌피와 논피를 고등식물 표준바코드 마커 rbcL과 matK를 이용하여 바코드하고, 추가적으로 핵 DNA ITS 부위를 바코드하여 표준바코드 구간과 ITS 구간의 열대피를 동정할 수 있는 능력과 바코드 활용성을 비교하였다. 바코드 결과, rbcL은 0.36%, matK는 0.29%, ITS는 3.2%의 열대피 특이 염기서열이 조사되었고 Neighbor-joining 계통수에서 종별 유집이 뚜렷하게 나타나 표준바코드 마커와 ITS 모두 쉽고 간편하게 열대피를 국내의 돌피, 논피와 동정할 수 있었다. 특히 ITS는 분석구간은 짧지만 열대피를 국내의 논피, 돌피와 정확하게 구분해낼 수 있어서 ITS 단독으로 국내에 유입되는 열대피 동정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.439-442
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• 1999

An animal health monitoring system in Gyeongnam area (near-Chinju) was studied to evaluate the environmental risk factors, physical examinations and 4 disease entities(abomasal displacement, traumatic reticulopericarditis ＆ -peritonitis, milk fever and lameness) in 40(34 in second year)dairy herds (total 1253 dairy cattle). In feeding environments, we examined housing system, forage percentage in ration, stall types, playground, cleanness of stall. In housing system, most of herds (60%) have tie-stall types and 36 herds are open-type housing. The forage ratio of ration was less than 50% in most of herds (67%). 39 herds had their own playgrounds and the frequency of playground cleanness was irregular, Physical examinations included the T(temperature), P (pulse), R (respiration), abnormalities of superficial lymph nodes, claw examination and total CBC with blood from tail veins. T, P, R are within normal limits (T : 38.1$\pm$0.6$^{\circ}C$, P : 84.6$\pm$12.9/min., R : 24.0$\pm$7.6/min. ,respectively), the swelling of lymph nodes were shown in 13 cattle and overall claw trimming was required in 3 herds. In blood examination, 23 cattle showed leuko-cytosis and 7 cattle showed low RBC and hemoglobin level, the other cattle were within normal limits (WBC : 8.90$\pm$2.06 10$^3$/ul., RBC : 6.36$\pm$1.02 10$^{6}$ ul, Hb : 9.83$\pm$ 1.20 g/dl PCV : 27.43$\pm$5.67 %, respectively). In 4 disease entities, we found some metallic foreign bodies in men of 13 cattle, which had predisposing factors of traumatic reticulopericarditis and reticuloperitonitis, 13 abomasal displacement, 51 milk fever and lameness in 39 cattle.