Advances in Traditional Medicine

Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center (경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant activity of water and alcohol extracts of Thuja orientalis leaves

  • Nizam, Iram (Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University) ;
  • Mushfiq, M (Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Water and alcohol extracts were prepared from dried and powdered leaves of Thuja orientalis (T. orientalis). The reducing power, total phenolic content, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, inhibitory effect on Fe (II)-EDTA-$H_{2}O_{2}$ (Fenton reaction system) induced DNA damage and inhibitory effect on human red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis were evaluated in the present study. At a concentration of 200 mg, water and alcohol extracts of T. orientalis inhibited the hydrolysis of DNA by 72.859% and 65.312%, respectively. Water and alcohol extracts of T. orientalis also inhibited 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride induced RBC hemolysis to the extent of 69.30% and 54.55%, respectively. The reducing power and antioxidative activity of water extract was found to be more than that of alcohol extract. This is attributable to the presence of higher amount of phenolic compounds in water extract. The present results indicate that the T. orientalis extracts are rich sources of natural antioxidants and can protect DNA and human red blood cells against free radical induced oxidative damage.

Keywords

References

  1. Aherne SA, O'Brien NM. (2000) Mechanism of protection by the flavonoids, quercetin and rutin, against tert-butylhydroperoxide and menadione-induced DNA single strand breaks in Caco-2 cells. Free Rudic. Biol. Med. 29, 507-514 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00360-9
  2. Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Bad B, Weil JA. (2004) Free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies. Food Chem. 84, 551-562 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00278-4
  3. Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. (1993) Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Degenerative Diseases of Aging. Froc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 7915-7922 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915
  4. Aruoma OI. (2003) Methodological considerations for characterizing potential antioxidant actions of bioactive components in plant foods. Mutat. Res. 523-524, 9-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00317-2
  5. Bagci E, Digrak M. (1996) The antimicrobial activities of some forest trees essential oils. Tr. J. Biol. 20, 191-198
  6. Blois, MS. (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 26, 1199-1200 https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  7. Branen AL. (1975) Toxicology and biochemistry of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxy toluene. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 52, 59-63
  8. Chung KT, Wong TY, Wei CI. (1998) Tannins and human health: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 38, 421-464 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408699891274273
  9. Cimen MY, Cimen OB, Kacmaz, Ozturk HS, Yorgancioglu R, Durak I. (2000) Oxidant/ antioxidant status of the erythrocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Rheumatol. 19, 275-277 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00011172
  10. Ekanayake P, Lee YD, Lee J. (2004) Antioxidant Activity of Flesh and Skin of Eptatretus Burgeri (Hag Fish) and Enedrias Nebulosus (White Spotted Eel). Food Sci. Technol. Int. 10, 171-177 https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013204044822
  11. Freeman B A (1984) Biological sites and mechanism of free radical production, In: Free radicals in molecular biology, aging, and disease, edited by Armstrong D, Sohal R, Culter RG, Slater T (eds), pp. 43-52, Raven Press, New York
  12. Grieve MA. (1994) Modern Herbal, pp. 176-177, Tiger Books International, London
  13. Hertog MGL, Hollman PCH, van de Putte B. (1993) Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juices. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41, 1242-1246 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00032a015
  14. Hirano R, Sasamoto W, Matsumoto A, Itakura H, Igarashi O, Kondo K. (2001) Antioxidant ability of various flavonoids against DPPH radicals and LDL oxidation. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 47, 357-362
  15. Karatas F, Ozates I, Kanatan H, Halifeoglu I, Karatepe M, Colak R. (2003) Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Indian J. Med. Res. 118, 178-181
  16. Khabir M., Khatoon F, Ansari WH. (1985) Phenolic constituents of Thuja orientalis. Curr. Sci. 54, 1180-1181
  17. Lai LTY, Naiki M, Yoshida SH, German BJ, Gershwin ME. (1994) Dietary Platycladus orientalis seed oil suppresses anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies and prolongs survival of NZB mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 71, 293-302 https://doi.org/10.1006/clin.1994.1089
  18. Lee H-K, Ahn K-S, Park SH, Lee IS, Kim JH. (1999) Compounds from Biota orienta lis leaves inhibit expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-a on inflammatory cells In: Recent Adv. Nat. Prod. Res Proc. Int. Symp., 3 rd., Seoul National University edited by Shin KH, Kang SS, Kin YS, pp. 54-62, Seoul, South Korea
  19. Lieber MR. (1998) Pathological and Physiological Double-Strand Breaks: Roles in Cancer, Aging, and the Immune System. Am. J. Pathol. 153, 1323-1332
  20. Mabey R. (1988) The New Age Herbalist, p. 56, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York
  21. Miki M, Tamai H, Mino M, Yamamoto Y, Niki E. (1987) Free radical chain oxidation of erythrocytes by molecular oxygen and its inhibition by alpha-tocopherol. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 258, 373-380 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(87)90358-4
  22. Nagai T, Inoue R, Inoue H, Suzuki N. (2003) Preparation and antioxidant properties of water extract of propolis. Food Chem. 80, 29-33 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00231-5
  23. Natarajan S, Murti WS, Seshadri TR. (1970) Biflavonoids N. Biflavones of some Cupressaceae plants. Phytochemistry 9, 575-579 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85693-9
  24. Panovska TK, Kulenova S, Stefova M. (2005) In vitro antioxidant activity of some Teucrium species (Lamiaceae). Acta Pharm. 55, 207-214
  25. Pelter A, Warren R, Hameed N, Khan, NU, Ilyas M., Rahman W. (1970) Biflavonyl pigments from Thuja orientalis (Cupressaceae). Phytochemistry 9,1897-1898 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85615-0
  26. Pryor W A. (2000) Oxidation and atherosclerosis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28, 1681-1682 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00356-7
  27. Rahman A, Hadi SM, Parish JH, Ainley K. (1989) Strand scission in DNA induced by quercetin and Cu (II): role of Cu (I) and oxygen free radicals. Carcinogenesis 10, 1833-1839 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.10.1833
  28. Ramarathnam N, Ochi H, Takeuchi M. (1997) Antioxidant defense system in vegetable extracts. In: Natural Antioxidants: Chemistry, Health Effects, and Applications, edited by Shahidi F, pp. 76-87, AOCS Press: Champaign, IL
  29. Rodriguez R, Jaramillo S, Rodriguez G, Espejo JA, Guillen R, Fernandez-Bolanos J, Heredia A, Jimenez A. (2005) Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Several Asparagus Cultivars. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 5212-5217 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050338i
  30. Saucier CT, Waterhouse AL. (1999) Synergetic Activity of Catechin and other Antioxidants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 4491-4494 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990352t
  31. Schneider WC. (1957) Determination of nucleic acid in tissues by pentose analysis. Methods Enzymol. 3, 680-684 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(57)03442-4
  32. Singh A. (1989) Physicochemical and physiological aspects. In: CRC handbook of free radicals and antioxidants in biomedicine edited by Miquel J, Quintanilha AT, Weber H, Vol. I, pp. 17-25, CRC press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida
  33. Squadrito GL, Pryor WA. (1998) Oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide: the roles of superoxide, peroxynitrite, and carbon dioxide. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 392-403 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00095-1
  34. Taysi S, Polat F, Gul M, Sari RA, Bakan E. (2002) Lipid peroxidation, some extracellular antioxidants, and antioxidant enzymes in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol. Int. 21, 200-204 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-001-0163-x
  35. Thabrew MI, Senaratna L, Samarawickrema N, Munasinghe C. (2001) Antioxidant potential of two polyherbal preparations used in Ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J. Ethnopharmacol. 76, 285-291 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00213-6
  36. Tomita B, Hirose Y. (1969) Terpenoids. XXIII. Chemotaxonomy of the Cupressaceae (2) Sesquiterpenes in the Wood of Biota orientalis ENDL. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 15, 339-340
  37. Tomita B, Hirose Y, Nakatsuka T. (1969a) Terpenoids. XIX. New Constituents of Biota orientalis. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 15, 46
  38. Tomita B, Hirose Y, Nakatsuka T. (1969b) Terpenoids. XX. New Constituents of Biota orientalis. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 15, 47
  39. Yang HO, Suh D-Y, Han BH. (1995) Isolation and characterization of platelet - activating factor receptor binding antagonists from Biota orientalis. Planta Med. 61, 37-40 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957995
  40. Young IS, Woodside JV. (2001) Antioxidants in health and disease. J. Clin. Pathol. 54, 176-186 https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.3.176
  41. Zhenwen X, Shilan B, Juanjuan Z, Qiang W. (1983) Study on hemostatic constituents in Biota orienialis (L.) Endl. leaves. Zhongyao Tongbao 8, 30-32
  42. Zhou K, Su L, Yu L. (2004) Phytochemicals and antioxidants in Wheat Bran. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 6108-6114 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049214g
  43. Zhu JX, Wang Y, Kong LD, Yang C, Zhang X. (2004) Effects of Biota orientalis extract and its flavonoid constituents, quercetin and rutin on serum uric acid levels in oxonate-induced mice and xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in mouse liver. J. Ethnopharmacol. 93, 133-140 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.037
  44. Zhu QY, Hackman RM, Ensunsa JL, Holt RR, Keen CL. (2002) Antioxidative Activities of Oolong Tea. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 6929-6934 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0206163
  45. Bergmeyer HU, Brent E. (1974) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Verlag Chemie Weunheun, 2, 735-760, Academic Press, New York
  46. Burk R. (1983) Glutathione-dependent protection by rat liver microsomal protein against lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 757, 21-28
  47. Chatterjee A, Pakrashi SC. (1991) The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. I, 78. Publication & Information Directorate, New Delhi
  48. Dahlin D, Miwa G, Lu A, Nelson S. (1984) N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine: a cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation product of acetaminophen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1327-1331 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.5.1327
  49. Eriksson L, Broome U, Kahn M, Lindholm M. (1992) Hepatotoxicity due to repeated intake of the low doses of paracetamol. J. Intern. Med. 231, 567-570
  50. Handa SS, Sharma A, Chakraborty KK. (1989) Natural products and plants as liver protecting drugs. Fitoterapia 57, 307-351
  51. Hiroshi A, Toshiharu H, Masahiro H, Shoji A. (1987) An alternation in liver microsomal membrane of the rat following paracetamol overdose. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 39,1047-1049
  52. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. (1975) Indian Medicinal Plants. II 2nd Ed. 1182. M/S Bishensingh, Mahendra pal Singh, New Connaught Place, Dehra Dun
  53. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. (1975) Indian Medicinal Plants. II 2nd Ed.1184. M/S Bishensingh, Mahendra pal Singh, New Connaught Place, Dehra Dun
  54. Kuma S, Rex D. (1991) Failure of physicians to recognize acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in chronic alcoholics. Arch. Intern. Med. 151, 1189-1191 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.151.6.1189
  55. Kyung JL, Ho JY, Sung JP, Young SK,Young CC, Tae CJ, Hye GJ. (2001) Hepatoprotective effects of Platycodon grandiflorum on acetaminophen induced liver damage in mice. Cancer Lett. 174, 73-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00678-4
  56. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Far AL, Randall RJ. (1951) Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275
  57. Mitchell J. (1988) Acetaminophen toxicity. N. Engl. J. Med. 319, 1601-1602
  58. Mukherjee S, Sur A, Maiti BR. (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Swertia chirata on rat. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 35, 384-388
  59. Mulder TPJ, Manni JJ, Roelofs HMJ, Peters WHM, Wiersma A. (1995) Glutathione-5-Transferases and Glutathine in human head and neck cancer. Carcinogenesis. 16, 619-624 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/16.3.619
  60. Muriel P, Garciapina T, Perez-Alvarez V, Mourelle M. (1992) Silymarin protects against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. J. Appl. Toxieol. 12, 439-442 https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.2550120613
  61. Oser BL. (1965) Hawk's Physiological Chemistry. 14 ed, 1052-1073, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Book Company Ltd., New Delhi
  62. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. (1979) Assay of lipid peroxides in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Bioehem. 95, 351 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
  63. Parmar D, Ahmed G, Khandkar M, Katyare S. (1995) Mitochondrial ATPase: a target for paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Eur. J. Pharmacal. 293, 225-229
  64. Prescott L, Wright N, Roscoe P, Brown S. (1971) Plasma paracetamol half life and hepatic necrosis in patient with paracetamol overdosage. Lancet 1,519-522 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(71)91125-1
  65. Thabrew M, Joice P, Rajatissa W. (1987) A comparative study of the efficacy of Pavetta indica and Osbechia octandra in the treatment of liver dysfunction. Planta Med. 53, 239-241 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962691
  66. Thompsen M, Loft S, Roberts D, Poulsen H. (1995) Cytochrome P450-2E1 inhibition. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 76, 395-399
  67. Ye YN, Liu ESL, Li Y, So HL, Cho CCM, Sheng HP, Lee 55, Cho CH. (2001) Protective effect of polysaccharide enriched fraction from Angelica sinensis on hepatic injury. Life Sci. 69, 637-646 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01153-5

Cited by

  1. Recent Updates in Redox Regulation and Free Radical Scavenging Effects by Herbal Products in Experimental Models of Parkinson’s Disease vol.17, pp.12, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171011391