• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.491-493
• /
• 2001

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp #39, isolated from raw-milk showed reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. The minimun inhibitory concentration for strain #39 was at 8$\mu\textrm{g}$ of vancomycin per ml. Transmitting electron microscopy displayed that this strain had a 2.5-3.5 times thicker cell wall than a vancomucin sensitive strain of Staphylococcus sp. The strain #39 also had an increased cell volume. These data indicate that the reduced susceptibility may be due to the thickness of the cell wall of the test strain.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.936-943
• /
• 2015

This paper presents arc/line segments-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) by updating accumulated laser sensor data with a mobile robot moving in an unknown environment. For each scan, the sensor data in the set are stored by a small constant number of parameters that can recover the necessary information contained in the raw data of the group. The arc and line segments are then extracted according to different limit values, but based on the same parameters. If two segments, whether they are homogenous features or not, from two scans are matched successfully, the new segment is extracted from the union set with combined data information obtained by means of summing the equivalent parameters of these two sets, not combining the features directly. The covariance matrixes of the segments are also updated and calculated synchronously employing the same parameters. The experiment results obtained in an irregular indoor environment show the good performance of the proposed method.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.338-357
• /
• 2016

The recent advent of increasingly affordable and powerful 3D scanning devices capable of capturing high resolution range data about real-world objects and environments has fueled research into effective 3D surface reconstruction techniques for rendering the raw point cloud data produced by many of these devices into a form that would make it usable in a variety of application domains. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of the existing literature on surface reconstruction from 3D point clouds. It explains some of the basic surface reconstruction concepts, describes the various factors used to evaluate surface reconstruction methods, highlights some commonly encountered issues in dealing with the raw 3D point cloud data and delineates the tradeoffs between data resolution/accuracy and processing speed. It also categorizes the various techniques for this task and briefly analyzes their empirical evaluation results demarcating their advantages and disadvantages. The paper concludes with a cross-comparison of methods which have been evaluated on the same benchmark data sets along with a discussion of the overall trends reported in the literature. The objective is to provide an overview of the state of the art on surface reconstruction from point cloud data in order to facilitate and inspire further research in this area.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2016

Recently, deep learning and machine learning have attracted considerable attention and many supporting frameworks appeared. In artificial intelligence field, a large body of research is underway to apply the relevant knowledge for complex problem-solving, necessitating the application of various learning algorithms and training methods to artificial intelligence systems. In addition, there is a dearth of performance evaluation of decision making agents. The decision making agent that can find optimal solutions by using reinforcement learning methods designed through this research can collect raw pixel data observed from dynamic environments and make decisions by itself based on the data. The decision making agent uses convolutional neural networks to classify situations it confronts, and the data observed from the environment undergoes preprocessing before being used. This research represents how the convolutional neural networks and the decision making agent are configured, analyzes learning performance through a value-based algorithm and a policy-based algorithm : a Deep Q-Networks and a Policy Gradient, sets forth their differences and demonstrates how the convolutional neural networks affect entire learning performance when using pixel data. This research is expected to contribute to the improvement of artificial intelligence systems which can efficiently find optimal solutions by using features extracted from raw pixel data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2002

This paper handles the design of a real time traffic data acquisition system using loop detector and piezo-electric sensor to acquire the vehicle information EISA compatible parallel I/O interface card is designed to sample 30 I/O channels at variable rates for raw traffic data acquisition. The control software is designed to generate the traffic data informations from the raw data. The traffic data information provides vehicle length, speed, number of axles, etc. Vehicle types are detected and categorized into eleven types from the vehicle length, axles positions and axle counts information. The traffic information is formed into packet and transferred to the remote hosts through serial communications for ITS applications.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.551-560
• /
• 2007

The present study analyzed noise reduction and long/short-term components for discharge, TOC concentration, and TOC load data in order to understand the data characteristics better. For the purpose, wavelet transform which can reduce noise from raw data and has flexible resolution in time and frequency domain was applied and the theory of nonlinear dynamics was also used to determine the last decomposition level for wavelet transform. Wavelet function of 'db10' and the 7th level for the last decomposition of wavelet transform were applied for the all data in the present study. Also the results revealed that the energy ratios of approximation components with 187-hour periodicity decomposed from 7th level of wavelet transform were 94.71% (discharge), 99.00% (TOC concentration), and 93.84% (TOC load), respectively. In addition, the energy ratios of detail components showed the range between 1.00% and 6.17%, which were extremely small comparing to the energy ratios of approximation components, therefore, the first and second detail components might be considered as noise components included in the raw data.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.224-230
• /
• 1991

The seven traditional quality factors including age and root weight ect. were reviewed in relation to the chemical components as a new quality factor and pharmacological data. The other important factor, production place, appeared to be sum of the eight factors. The important of production place indicated that the best quality ginseng is produced in the optimum environment. The description of ginseng for medicinal use in present materia medica missed most traditional quality factors only indicating the change by processing. Such phenomena do not mean the significant of raw$.$ ginseng quality. since appropriate raw ginseng was supplied in traditional way. For the generation with analytical attitude the description of raw ginseng quality to the processed ginseng products is recommendable. For the quality control with biologically active or index compound, the composition of various compounds seems to be the best. The establishment of physical and chemical quality creteria that will match with the traditional mothod it needed and will accomplished by comparative research on raw ginseng from various production sites and growth conditions. The description of production-place, grade and quantity of raw ginseng to the processed products will give better information and higher popularity of products to consumers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.130-138
• /
• 1986

In order to obtain the basic data for development of raw pepper homogenates as instant spice, effects of preservatives, packaging materials, storage temperature and period on chemical components of raw pepper homogenates were investigated during storage after sealing up. The results are as follows: 1. Raw pepper homogenates added 15% sodium chloride was effective prominently than raw pepper homogenates on residual contents of acidity, capsanthin and capsaicin. 2. P. V. D. C film was effective than P. E film in sealing of raw pepper homogenates. 3. Decomposition of capsanthin was exceeded at high temperature during the sealed storage of raw pepper homogenates and decomposition of capsaicin was accelerated at initial stage of storage and also it was decreased prominently by adding of sodium chloride. 4. Decomposition of vitamin C during the storage was exceeded at high temperature and it was prominently suppressed by adding of sodium chloride. 5. Increase of total viable cell count and lactic acid bacteia count was prominently suppressed by adding of sodium chloride and its difference for storage temperature was disregarded.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1832-1842
• /
• 2004

The present study was performed to examine the possible anti-inflammatory effects of a herbal drug ASCH in RAW264.7 cell line. Inflammation was induced by LPS toxin treatment to RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Increases in cytokine production such as IL-1β, IL-6. and IL-18, COX-2, NOS-Ⅱ (iNOS), and TNF-alpha were observed at mRNA level in the LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Measurement of IL-6, nitric oxide and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed increased production of these inflammation mediators. Treatment of ASCH effectively decreased IL-1β protein in a dose-dependent manner, and IL-6 and IL-18 were reduced at 100㎍/㎖ of ASCH concentration. NO production was also decreased by ASCH treatment. A slight inhibition for TNF-alpha in terms of protein, but not mRNA level was obtained by 100㎍/㎖ of ASCH treatment. ASCH treatment to normal RAW264.7 cells did not produce any cytotoxicity, indicting that the action of ASCH was selective to inflammatory cells. Thus, the present data suggest that ASCH may act as an important regulator to alleviate the inflammatory symptoms.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Sam-Myo-Whan(SMW) has been known traditional prescription with anti- anthritis activities. We investigated inhibitory effects of SMW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO), $TNF-{\alpha}$ and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) production from RAW264.7 cells and BV-2 Microglia cells. Methods : SMW, which had been extracted with 70% MeOH, concentrated and freeze-dried was used for this experiment. After BV2 mouse brain macrophages and RAW264.7 mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with increasing concentrations of SMW extract for 30min, and then activated with LPS. To investigate cytotoxicity of SMW extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. NO production was measured in each culture supernatant by Griess reaction. mRNA expression of iNOS in two type cells was investigated by RT-PCR. $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was measured in each culture supernatant by ELISA. Results : SMW extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in BV2 cells and RAW264.7 cells dose-dependently. SMW extract also greatly suppressed mRNA expression of iNOS in both type cells activated with LPS. Conclusion : These data suggests that SMW extract may have an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of iNOS expression.