• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2011

Paeoniae Radix Rubra is a preparation consisting of desiccated roots of Paeonia lactiflora PALL (belonging to Ranunculaceae). Paeoniae Radix Rubra is used as a medicinal herb in Asian countries to treat many diseases. Ethanol- or water-based extracts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra were prepared and tested on RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. The expression of some pro-inflammatory proteins, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 was detected by Western blot analyses, while PGE2 expression was quantified by ELISA. Both the water and ethanol extracts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and exhibited cell toxicity in accordance with increased NO production. Also, both extracts reduced the expression of COX-2 and iNOS, and inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Extracts prepared from Paeoniae Radix Rubra contain anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit the iNOS and MAPK pathways.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Chlorella has been reported to have certain beneficial physiological effects, including hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, antioxidative, and anti-tumor activities in animal and human studies. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activities of an 80% methanol extract(CE-Met), hexane fraction (CE-Hex), and ethyl acetate fraction (CE-EA) of Chlorella ellipsoidea in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage. Treatment with various concentrations of the C. ellipsoidea extract resulted m a significant, dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production by LPS-induced macrophages. The C. ellipsoidea extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production accompanied by an attenuation of IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ formation in macrophages. These results suggest potent inhibit이y effects on the production of inflammatory mediators by a C. ellipsoidea extract. Thus, C. ellipsoidea extract may be a potent anti-inflammatory agent for troubled skin.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out whether Herba Ephedrae, solely used, and Herbal medicine in which this was included, have inhibitory effects of Nitric Oxide(NO). Methods : We tested the inhibitory effects of Nitric Oxide(NO) with Herba Ephedrae and ten kinds of Herbal medicine combined with Herba Ephedrae(Worlbikachul-Tang, 越婢加朮湯; Mahaengkamsuk-Tang, 麻杏甘石湯; Shinbi-Tang, 神秘湯; Mahwangbujaseshin-Tang, 麻黃附子細辛湯; Euiin-Tang, 薏苡仁湯; Galgeun-Tang, 葛根湯; Mahaengeuigam-Tang, 麻杏薏甘湯; Mahwang-Tang, 麻黃湯; Socheongryong-Tang, 小靑龍湯; Gaemagakban-Tang, 桂麻各半湯) on RAW264.7 cells. Results and Conclusions : 1. We carried out MTT assay on Herba Ephedrae and those decoctions including this in order to determine whether they accommodate cotytoxicity. The results were that Worlbikachul-Tang, Mahaengkamsuk-Tang, Mahwangbujaseshin-Tang, Mahaengeuigam-Tang, Mahwang-Tang, Socheongryong-Tang and Gaemagakban-Tang showed no cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 with 0.1mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml dosages of decoctions but displayed cytotoxicity on the cell with 1mg/ml. Solely used Herba Ephedrae, Shinbi-Tang, Euiin-Tang and Galgeun-Tang exhibited cytotoxicity beyond the concentration of 0.5mg/ml. 2. Worlbikachul-Tang, Mahaengkamsuk-Tang, Shinbi-Tang, Mahwangbujaseshin-Tang, Euiin-Tang, Galgeun-Tang, Mahaengeuigam-Tang, Mahwang-Tang and Socheongryong-Tang showed inhibition of NO production but solely used Herba Ephedrae and Gaemagakban-Tang did not exhibit such reaction.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

In this study, we isolated 12 of Brucella (B.) spp. from cattle, which have been positive in Rose Bangal test and tube agglutination test in Gyeongbuk province in 2009. According to AMOS PCR analysis, isolated 12 strains were identified as B. abortus. Murine derived macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells, were infected with isolated 12 strains or reference strain (B. abortus 544), and bacterial internalization were characterized. According to these results, we divided the isolated strains into the following three groups: class I, lower internalization than that of B. abortus 544; class II, similar internalization to that of that of B. abortus 544; class III, higher internalization than that of B. abortus 544 within RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, intracellular growth, bacterial adherent assay, LAMP-1 colocalization, virulence in mice and surface protein pattern were characterized. From these results, representative strains of class III showed lower LAMP-1 colocalization, higher adherent efficiency, higher virulence in mice than those of B. abortus 544, and showed different pattern of surface proteins. These results suggest that B. abortus field strains, isolated from cattle in Korea, possess various virulence properties and higher internalization ability of field strain may have an important role for its virulence expression.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2011

In this study, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the herb (cinnamon, clove, glehnia root, ginger, violet-root cromwell, licorice, citrus peel and longan) extracts used for gamhongroju, one of the popular liqueurs in Korea, were investigated. Twenty grams of individual herbs were extracted in 60% purified ethanol and freeze-dried. A mixture of the individual herb extracts (HEM) was separately prepared. Cytotoxicity of the individual extracts and HEM on murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells were examined along with their recovering activity on $H_2O_2$-treated RAW264.7 cells. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract-treated cells were determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Violet-root cromwell extract showed the least cytotoxicity in terms of treated concentration. Most of the extracts, below levels of cytotoxicity, recovered the $H_2O_2$-treated cells. Treatment with some of the extracts increased SOD and GPx activities and TEAC levels while a majority inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to screen candidate probiotic strains for anti-inflammatory activity. Initially, a nitric oxide (NO) assay was used to test selected candidate probiotic strains for anti-inflammatory activity in cultures of the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Then, the in vitro probiotic properties of the strains, including bile tolerance, acid resistance, and growth in skim milk media, were investigated. We also performed an in vitro hydrophobicity test and an intestinal adhesion assay using Caenorhabditis elegans as a surrogate in vivo model. From our screening, we obtained 4 probiotic candidate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains based on their anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell cultures and the results of the in vitro and in vivo probiotic property assessments. Molecular characterization using 16S rDNA sequencing analysis identified the 4 LAB strains as Lactobacillus plantarum. The selected L. plantarum strains (CAU1054, CAU1055, CAU1064, and CAU1106) were found to possess desirable in vitro and in vivo probiotic properties, and these strains are good candidates for further investigations in animal models and human clinical studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory activities.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

Objectives : Bilobalide (BIL) is a predominant sesquiterpene trilactone constituent that accounts for a partial portion of the standardized Ginkgonis Folium extract, which has been widely used to treat a variety of neurological disorders involving cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. In this study, it was tested whether BIL exhibits anti-inflammatory activities on inflammation response, or not. Methods : To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of BIL on pharmacological and biochemical actions in inflammation, we examined the effect of BIL on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The investigation was focused on how BIL affect on inflammation-related mediators including various signals such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), inducible NO synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results : We found that BIL inhibited LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ productions as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, BIL suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation for MAPK activation. Conclusions : These results suggest that BIL has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced $PGE_2$, NO, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in the murine macrophage. It seems that these inhibitory effects occur by blocking the phosphorylation of MAPKs for activation. Then, BIL suppressed the activation of nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ in nucleus. These observations suggest that BIL has anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.112-123
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• 2010

Objectives: Three yin-tonifying formulae (Ssanghwa-tang, Yukmijihwang-tang and Jaeumganghwa-tang) were applied to investigate their immunological activities on antigen (Ag)-specific or Ag-non-specific immune responses in the murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Methods: This study was carried out in nitricoxide (NO) synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and cellular proliferation in mouse splenocytes in association with three herbal formulas. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/aluminum ($100\;{\mu}g/200\;{\mu}g$/mouse) on days 1, 8, and 15. Three herbal formulas were administrated to mice orally for 3 weeks from day 1. On day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and antibodies (OVA-specific antibodies of the IgG, IgG1, and total IgM classes) in plasma were measured. Results: All three yin-tonifying formulas significantly enhanced cellular proliferation by LPS and Con A in splenocytes from OVA-immunized mice (p<0.001). Also, these herbal formulas all significantly enhanced plasma OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and total IgM levels compared with the OVA/Alum group. Conclusion: These results suggested that the three yin-tonifying formulae could be used as stimulators of immune response.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2016

In this study, the purification of the MeOH extract from the stems and leaves of Pourthiaea villosa var. brunnea using column chromatography furnished a main compound, lyoniside. The structure was elucidated on the basis of $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopic data. Quantitative analysis of lyoniside was conducted by HPLC method and the highest content of lyoniside was found in 50% MeOH reflux extraction. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the lyoniside, we measured nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. As a results, lyoniside decreased the level of nitric oxide and IL-6 in concentration dose dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2005

In oriental medicine, Cheongpyehwadam-tang (CHT) has long been used for the cure of inflammatory diseases in the lung and bronchus such as bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia and tuberculosis. It's use is currently further extended for the treatment of allergic asthma. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CHT, we investigated the effects of CHT on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$) production, and on the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines expression in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. CHT alone did not affect NO or pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In contrast, CHT inhibited LPS-induced NO and proinflammatory cytokines and the levels of LPS-induced iNOS and proinflarnmatory cytokine mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. CHT also inhibited the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation. Taken together, these results suggested that CHT inhibits the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells through blockade of NF-kB activation.