• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts from Ligustrum obtusifolium S. fruits(LOF) in RAW 264.7 Macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods We examined productions of nitric oxide(NO), reactive oxygen species(ROS), inducible isoforms of NO synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of LOF extracts. In addition, we measured generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6). Results Cell viability showed that LOF extracts had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells. The treatment with LOF extracts significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Furthermore LOF extracts inhibited intracellular ROS generation dose dependently and reduced the expression of iNOS, COX-2 proteins. Conclusions These results showed that the LOF extracts had an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. These findings provide scientific support for the use of this Ligustrum obtusifolium S. for inflammatory-related diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Angelicae acutilobae Radix Water Extract (AA) on the production of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Method : RAW 264.7 cells were cotreated with AA (50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; $1{\mu}g/mL$) for 24 hours. After 24 hours treatment, using bead-based multiplex cytokine assay, concentrations of various cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), and macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-$1{\alpha}$ were measured. Result : AA significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of IL-6 and MIP-$1{\alpha}$ from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. AA significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$ from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. AA significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of G-CSF and GM-CSF in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusion : These results suggest that AA has anti-inflammatory effect related with its inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and MIP-$1{\alpha}$ in LPS-induced macrophages.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.769-777
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• 2018

The fermentation of Panax ginseng yields many compounds including ginsenosides that have various biological functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ in Raw 264.7 cells treated with ginseng fermented by Penibacillus MBT213. Nitric oxide production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated for 24 hours with fermented ginseng at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment decreased to 74, 43, and 36%, respectively, compared with the positive control. The production of IL-6 was inhibited in all the cells treated with fermented ginseng at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment except for the positive control. The $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated with fermented ginseng for 6 hours at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment was about 40,000, 85,000 and 65,000 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated with fermented ginseng for 24 hours at 7 and 14 days after the treatment was about 160,000 and 180,000 pg/mL, respectively. However, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was inhibited in the Raw 264.7 cells at 6 and 12 hours after the treatment with fermented ginseng. herefore, it was confirmed that the immunological activity of the Raw 264.7 macrophages was affected by the treatment with fermented ginseng. It was concluded that ginseng fermented by Paenibacillus MBT213 possesses a potential anti-inflammatory activity and could be used as an ingredient in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims at examining the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellariae Radix extract. Methods : Scutellariae Radix was hot water extracted to make the samples(SR) for the experiment. Their effects were examined on the increase of cell viability in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells, the creation of nitric oxide(NO) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 cells, and the creation of cytokines of interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and others. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. The MTT assay was carried out to check the cellular toxicity of the water extract of Scutellariae Radix. The results were found no significant toxicity caused to macrophages by the water extract of Scutellariae Radix. 2. The water extract of Scutellariae Radix significantly restricted the increase of NO in the LPS-induced macrophages after 24-hour culture. 3. The water extract of Scutellariae Radix significantly restricted the creation of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17, interferon-inducible protein(IP)-10, keratinocyte-derived chemokine(KC), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the LPS-induced macrophages at the concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$ or higher. Conclusion : The samples(SR) of hot water extract of Scutellariae Radix caused no significant cellular toxicity to macrophages and significantly restricted the creation of NO, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17, IP-10, KC, and VEGF in the LPS-induced macrophages at $25{\mu}g/mL$ or higher, thus demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, potential anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic hydrolysates from Styela clava flesh tissue was assessed via nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccahride (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vivo zebrafish model. MATERIALS/METHODS: We investigated the ability of enzymatic hydrolysates from Styela clava flesh tissue to inhibit LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the molecular mechanism through which this inhibition occurred. In addition, we evaluated anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic hydrolysates against a LPS-exposed in in vivo zebrafish model. RESULTS: Among the enzymatic hydrolysates, Protamex-proteolytic hydrolysate exhibited the highest NO inhibitory effect and was fractionated into three ranges of molecular weight by using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (MWCO 5 kDa and 10 kDa). The above 10 kDa fraction down-regulated LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby reducing production of NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The above 10 kDa fraction suppressed LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. In addition, the above 10 kDa fraction inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Furthermore, NO production in live zebrafish induced by LPS was reduced by addition of the above 10 kDa fraction from S. clava enzymatic hydrolysate. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that hydrolysates derived from S. clava flesh tissue would be new anti-inflammation materials in functional resources.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2014

본 연구는 염증상태에서의 CLA의 효과와 작용기전을 알아보기 위해 LPS-자극 RAW 264.7 macrophages에 있어 ROS 생성과 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생산, NF-${\kappa}B$ 및 $PPAR{\gamma}$ 활성을 검토하였다. t10c12-CLA는 LPS로 자극하지 않은 비염증시의 RAW 세포에서는 ROS 생성을 증가시켜 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생산을 유도하였으며, 이 효과는 $PPAR{\gamma}$ 활성화에 의존해서 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성 증가에 의해 매개되었다. 반면, LPS로 자극한 염증조건의 RAW 세포에서는 t10c12-CLA가 $PPAR{\gamma}$ 활성화에 의존하지 않는 경로로 ROS 생성 및 과도한 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생산을 억제하였다. 본 결과로부터 CLA는 ROS 생성을 통해 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생산 및 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 염증 유무에 따라 조절하는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2019

본 연구는 RAW264.7 대식세포에 대한 우슬과 땅두릅 복합 열수추출물(1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 5, 2 : 1, 3 : 1 및 5 : 1 비율)의 항염증 효과를 조사했다. 세포 독성은 CCK 분석을 사용하여 확인하였다. 우리는 ELISA 키트를 사용하여 $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 및 $TNF{\alpha}$를 측정함으로써 우슬 및 땅두릅 복합 열수추출물의 항염증 효과를 평가하였다. 우슬 및 땅두릅 복합 열수추출물은 LPS로 자극된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 $IL-1{\beta}$ 및 $TNF{\alpha}$를 유의적으로 억제하였다. 복합 추출물의 다양한 비율을 비교하였을 때, 2 : 1 비율은 LPS로 유도된 RAW264.7 세포에서 훨씬 더 효능이 있었고 $TNF{\alpha}$의 생성 또한 억제하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 우슬 및 땅두릅 복합 열수추출물이 RAW264.7 대식세포에 대해 강력한 항염증 효과를 갖는다는 것을 보여주며, 이들 추출물은 염증 질환 예방을 위한 기능성 식품의 좋은 공급원이 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2018

본 연구는 지질다당류에 의해 유도된 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 자화지정 추출물이 염증 매개체 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 자화지정 추출물이 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포의 세포 생존 능력에 미치는 영향을 조사 하기 위하여 MTT assay를 실시하였다. 또한, Bio-Plex 사이토카인 분석(cytokine assay)을 통하여 NO, 인터루킨 $(IL)-1{\beta}$, 종양 괴사 인자($TNF-{\alpha}$) 및 IL-6와 같은 다양한 사이토카인(cytokine)의 농도에 의한 자화지정 추출물의 항염증 효과를 조사 하였다. 자화지정 추출물은 LPS로 유도 된 대식세포에서 NO, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6의 농도를 $25{\mu}g/mL$ 이상으로 유의하게 저해하였으며 세포 생존율에는 변화가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 자화지정 추출물이 LPS로 유도된 대식세포에서 $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6와 같은 염증성 사이토카인(cytokine)의 억제와 관련된 항염증 효과를 갖는다는 것을 시사한다. 앞으로 자화지정을 이용한 염증질환에 관련된 치료제개발에 새로운 연구가 더 필요한 바이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Fermented Houttuyniae Herba Water Extract (HL) on production of proinflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay. Effect of HL on nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by Griess reagent assay. Effect of HL on productions of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine (IL)-17, Interferon $\gamma$-inducible protein (IP)-10, Eotaxin, IL-5, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 (MCP-3), and IL-13 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. Incubation with HL for 24 hours showed significant increase in cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (P < 0.05). 2. HL showed to inhibit NO production from RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25 and 50 ug/mL significantly (P < 0.05). 3. HL inhibited significantly NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ug/mL (P < 0.05). 4. HL inhibited significantly IL-17, IP-10 and Eotaxin in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ug/mL (P < 0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that HL has anti-inflammatory moiety related with its inhibition of NO, IL-17, IP-10, and Eotaxin in macrophages.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2016

Flavonoids are widely reported to be beneficial to human health. Among flavonoids, in general, flavonoid aglycons have better biological activities than flavonoid glycosides, in that aglycons can easily penetrate through cell membrane because of their low polarity. Therefore, kaempferol, quercetin and various their glycosides were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit NO and $PGE_2$ productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Of these flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside(kp-7-glu) which possesses a glycoside at C-7 position of the A ring in kaempferol, potently inhibited NO, $PGE_2$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.