• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2006

The flora of vascular plants and the present vegetation status of Minjujisan and its adjacent regions were investigated from 2000 to 2004, total 27 times. The plant taxa of these areas consist of 764 taxa totally; 172 families, 397 genera, 631 species, 3 subspecies, 105 varieties and 25 forms. There were many useful plants such as 35 taxa of Korean endemics, 12 taxa of rare and endangered plants, and 101 taxa of specially designated plants which were determined by the Ministry of Environment. Furthermore, 46 taxa of naturalized alien plants were also investigated in the boundary of developing areas. The vegetation status of investigated area was comparatively well conserved, but the degree of damage was increasing rapidly by development, deforestation, and tramp which were induced by the disturbances of human beings. Therefore, more active conservation strategies such as expanded designation of conservation area. should be established, and carried out continuously based on the results of long-term monitoring studies.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.475-480
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• 2010

Actinomycetes are Gram-positive soil bacteria and one of the most important industrial microorganisms due to superior biosynthetic capabilities of many valuable secondary metabolites as well as production of various valuable bioconversion enzymes. Among them are cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP), which are hemoproteins encoded by a super family of genes, are universally distributed in most of the organisms from all biological kingdoms. Actinomycetes are a rich source of soluble CYP enzymes, which play critical roles in the bioactivation and detoxification of a wide variety of metabolite biosynthesis and xenobiotic transformation. Cyclosporin A (CyA), one of the most commonly-prescribed immunosuppressive drugs, was previously reported to be hydroxylated at the position of 4th N-methyl leucine by a rare actinomycetes called Sebekia benihana, leading to display different biological activity spectrum such as loss of immunosuppressive activities yet retaining hair growth-stimulating side effect. In order to improve this regio-selective CyA hydroxylation in S. benihana, previously-identified several secondary metabolite up-regulatory genes from Streptomyces coelicolor and S. avermitilis were heterologously overexpressed in S. benihana using an $ermE^*$ promoter-containing Streptomyces integrative expression vector. Among tested, SCO4967 encoding a conserved hypothetical protein significantly stimulated region-specific CyA hydroxylation in S. benihana, implying that some common regulatory systems functioning in both biosynthesis and bioconversion of secondary metabolite might be present in different actinomycetes species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1717-1723
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• 2010

The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system is a variation of the activated sludge wastewater treatment process, in which hybrid suspended and attached biomass is used to treat wastewater. Although the function and performance of the IFAS system are well studied, little is known about its microbial community structure. In this study, the composition and diversity of the bacterial community of suspended and attached biomass samples were investigated in a full-scale IFAS system using a high-throughput pyrosequencing technology. Distinct bacterial community compositions were examined for each sample and appeared to be important for its features different from conventional activated sludge processes. The abundant bacterial groups were Betaproteobacteria (59.3%), Gammaproteobacteria (8.1%), Bacteroidetes (5.2%), Alphaproteobacteria (3.9%), and Actinobacteria (3.2%) in the suspended sample, whereas Actinobacteria (14.6%), Firmicutes (13.6%), Bacteroidetes (11.6%), Betaproteobacteria (9.9%), Gammaproteobacteria (9.25%), and Alphaproteobacteria (7.4%) were major bacterial groups in the attached sample. Regarding the diversity, totals of 3,034 and 1,451 operational taxonomic units were identified at the 3% cutoff for the suspended and attached samples, respectively. Rank abundance and community analyses demonstrated that most of the diversity was originated from rare species in the samples. Taken together, the information obtained in this study will be a base for further studies relating to the microbial community structure and function of the IFAS system.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.372-382
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• 2014

In this study, the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences from three early diverged leptosporangiate ferns were completed and analyzed in order to understand the evolution of the genome of the fern lineages. The complete cp genome sequence of Osmunda cinnamomea (Osmundales) was 142,812 base pairs (bp). The cp genome structure was similar to that of eusporangiate ferns. The gene/intron losses that frequently occurred in the cp genome of leptosporangiate ferns were not found in the cp genome of O. cinnamomea. In addition, putative RNA editing sites in the cp genome were rare in O. cinnamomea, even though the sites were frequently predicted to be present in leptosporangiate ferns. The complete cp genome sequence of Diplopterygium glaucum (Gleicheniales) was 151,007 bp and has a 9.7 kb inversion between the trnL-CAA and trnV-GCA genes when compared to O. cinnamomea. Several repeated sequences were detected around the inversion break points. The complete cp genome sequence of Lygodium japonicum (Schizaeales) was 157,142 bp and a deletion of the rpoC1 intron was detected. This intron loss was shared by all of the studied species of the genus Lygodium. The GC contents and the effective numbers of codons (ENCs) in ferns varied significantly when compared to seed plants. The ENC values of the early diverged leptosporangiate ferns showed intermediate levels between eusporangiate and core leptosporangiate ferns. However, our phylogenetic tree based on all of the cp gene sequences clearly indicated that the cp genome similarity between O. cinnamomea (Osmundales) and eusporangiate ferns are symplesiomorphies, rather than synapomorphies. Therefore, our data is in agreement with the view that Osmundales is a distinct early diverged lineage in the leptosporangiate ferns.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.354-359
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• 2009

Land cover types of Hustai National Park (HNP) in Mongolia, a hotspot area with rare species, were classified and their temporal changes were evaluated using Landsat MSS TM/ETM data between 1994 and 2000. Maximum likelihood classification analysis showed an overall accuracy of 88.0% and 85.0% for the 1994 and 2000 images, respectively. Kappa coefficients associated with the classification were resulted to 0.85 for 1994 and 0.82 for 2000 image. Land cover types revealed significant temporal changes in the classification maps between 1994 and 2000. The area has increased considerably by $166.5km^2$ for mountain steppe. By contrast, agricultural areas and degraded areas affected by human being activity were decreased by $46.1km^2$ and $194.8km^2$ over the six year span, respectively. These areas were replaced by mountain steppe area. Specifically, forest area was noticeably fragmented, accompanied by the decrease of $\sim400$ ha. The forest area revealed a pattern with systematic gain and loss associated with the specific phenomenon called as forest free-south slope. We discussed the potential environmental conditions responsible for the systematic pattern and addressed other biological impacts by outbreaks of forest pests and ungulates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2014

This study was conducted to obtain the basic research about Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and to establish a conservation area into Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park, South Korea. We recorded Siberian roe deer field signs (bedding sites, feeding areas, feces and tracks etc), and habitat variables such as nearest distance to the watercourse, trails, slope, aspect, forest type and land cover etc. from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2007 in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. According to the research of habitat characteristics of Siberian roe deer inhabited in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park preferred mixed forest consisted of aged forest and middle-aged forest on the gentle slope which was close to hydrosphere in the middle elevation area of altitude of 400~600m above sea level in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. The results indicated that Siberian roe deer appeared to prefer south slope or north slope during the snow season and west or east slope during the non-snow season. The area of most suitable habitat for Siberian roe deer in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park was $128.5km^2$ (32% of the total area) followed by $244.3km^2$ buffer area (62.2% of the total area), and $22.9km^2$ unsuitable habitat area (5.8% of the total area), which means environmentally unsuitable habitat for Siberian roe deer was rare in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. Thus, the area classified as major area in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park appeared to be most important for the protection of Siberian roe deer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.417-425
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• 1995

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the GIT of the cat-shark. Five kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Mostly these cells were of open types, except for glucagon-, BPP- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the stomach which seemed to be of closed type. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the GIT, and were more freguent than of the other regions. Glucagon-and BPP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the entire GIT except for the duodenum an the rectum, and occurred in various frequencies. A few numbers of Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the duodenum. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were distributed in the whole GIT, and were a few in numbers in the stomach and rare in the intestine, respectly. These results suggest that the pattern of the regional distribution is rather similar to that reported fur previously, but relative number was less frequent than that of other species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.191-194
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• 2020

Free-living amoebas (FLAs) can cause severe disease in humans and animals when they become infected. However, there are no accurate survey reports on the prevalence of FLAs in Korea. In this study, we collected 163 tap water samples from buildings, apartments, and restrooms of highway service areas in 7 Korean provinces with high population density. All these buildings and facilities have water storage tanks in common. The survey was separated into categories of buildings, apartments, and highway service areas. Five hundred milliliters of tap water from each building was collected and filtered with 0.2 ㎛ pore filter paper. The filters were incubated in agar plates with heated E. coli at 25℃. After axenization, genomic DNA was collected from each FLA, and species classification was performed using partial 18S-rDNA PCR-sequencing analysis. We found that 12.9% of tap water from buildings with storage tanks in Korea was contaminated with FLAs. The highway service areas had the highest contamination rate at 33.3%. All of the FLAs, except one, were genetically similar to Vermamoeba vermiformis (Hartmannella vermiformis). The remaining FLA (KFA21) was very similar to Acanthamoeba lugdunensis (KA/E26). Although cases of human infection by V. vermiformis are very rare, we must pay attention to the fact that one-third of tap water supplies in highway service areas have been contaminated.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.165-171
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• 1990

Human Fasciola hepatica infection is a rare entity involving infestation of the liver and biliary tree with adult flukes. which can result in hepatitis. cirrhos is and biliary tract inflammation. obstruction and lithiasis. The patient had the typical diagnostic tetrad of fever. eosinophilic leukocytos is. tender hepatomegaly and fluke ova in the stools. Theatment consistes of Emetine hydrochloride administration for hepatic involvement and common bile duct exploration for removal of flukes. with cholecystectomy for associated cholelithiasis. The combination of medical and surgical therapy cal be expected to produce an arrest of this infection. The removed liver revealed eggs of the fasciols species in the intrahepatic bile duct. The clinical history. pathological findings and treatment of this case were described.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.25-35
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• 2012

This study was carried out to classify the folk plants in Ulleung island. According to the survey results from 553 sheets of 55 residents at 20 places from march 2009 to september 2010, the folk plants in Ulleung island consisted of a total 113 taxa; 51 families, 93 genera, 98 species, 2 subspecies and 13 varieties. Among the investigated 113 taxa; 5 Korean endemic plants, 14 rare plants and 5 naturalized plants were also included. The use by usage of 113 taxa was; 72 as medicinal, 65 as edible, 5 as ornamental, etc., respectively, so the medicinal use is the highest. The most useful part was leaf, followed by fruit and root. The consistency comparison between the korean name and the local name were the highest in the people in 40's and the lowest in those in 70's.