• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.229-248
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Jaamsan on the Gyeongsang supergroup, Korea. From the results of eight field surveys from March to October 2017, we have identified 530 total taxa, representing 483 species, eight subspecies, 35 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids, which were placed in 325 genera and 110 families. The plant formation of Mt. Jaamsan is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forests, which are the common ones in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Most of the mountain is covered with young secondary forest, which is mainly composed of Quercus spp., and Pinus. Out of these 530 taxa, 12 are endemic to Korea, 17 taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 65 are floristic target species, and 55 are invasive alien species. The percentage of naturalized index(NI) and urbanization index (UI) were 10.4% and 17.2%, respectively. Mt. Jaamsan has a high plant diversity, including endemic and rare species, which consist of geomorphological landscapes. We considered that the composition and distribution of species are affected by the different environmental factors according to the sedimentary rocks, drying ridges, valleys, and streams. Together with the rocks and soils were the substrate type that play a major role in providing the unique habitats for sun plants in the area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 1997

Diversity, abundance, species distributions and distributions of two strategists (specialist and geceralist) of butterflies were investigated monthly from June 1996 to Oct. 1996 by line transect method in the Chunbul-dong valley from park gate to Yangpok Sanjang. The butterfly faunas of the eight regions in Kwangwon province, Gyunggi proavince and Pusan were also studied by the same method to assess diversity and abundance of butterfly community in the study region. The 18 butterfly species in 7 families were found in this study and the 48 butterfly species in 7 families were distributed in the study area from thes study and the other researches. The 30 butterfly species reported in the other studies were not found in this study and Kaniska canace L. of them would be to decrease in density. In the study area, the common species were Artogeia melete M., Neptis sappho P. and Libythea celtis F.. The representative Korean common butterflies such as Artogeia rapae L., Colias erate E. and Papillio xuthus L. were rare. The PCA(Principal Component Analysis) ordinations indicate that habitat disturbance by human would be major factor for butterfly community and species distribution. Difference was not found in diversity according to habitat disturbance. Abundance, however, was higher in the disturbed region than the undisturbed region. Compared with the other regions, abundance was greatly lower and diversity was slightly lower than that of the other regions. Two strategists exhibited different distribution patterns. Generalists were found more commonly in the disturbed region and widely distributed in both of the disturbed region and the undisturbed region than specialists.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

In order to check host plant diversity and to confirm the potential risk to be invaded, we documented host plant flora and plant part of C. pentagona, an invasive parasitic plant in field survey and induced parasitic infection by them in the laboratory experiment. Parasitic interaction(12% of total tree species) was found in twig and leaf of tree such as Quercus mongolica and Abies holophylla that was not developed into ligninfication. There were most host plant species belong to Compositae, but the species parasitic rate of family was higher in Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Leguminoceae. Through the inducible infection experiment with C. pentagona, all species except one species show parasitic interaction between host plan and C. pentagona. These result means that the limiting stage for invading area is dispersion process for invading other area in Korea. Infection plant part by C. pentagona was dominantly both shoot and leaf, rather than only leaf or only shoot. We found newly 12 families and 45 host plant species including 33 herbacious one and 12 woody one. Crop plant such as Setaria italica and 6 endangerd one such as Scrophularia takesimensis, especially the later rare endemic plant was to death by parasitic infection of C. pentagona. These results indicate that C. pentagona is potential risk to both wild and cultivated plant in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.489-506
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Geumseongsan Mt. (Geumsan-gun Chungnam). The vascular plants were collected 30 different times, from July 2015 to June of 2016. The results showed that there were 483 taxa in total, included 112 families, 358 genera, 417 species, 8 subspecies, 48 varieties, 8 forms and 2 hybrids. Of these vascular plants, red-list species managed by the Ministry of Environment of Korea included 3 species, and 8 species Korea Forest Service. The endemic species to Korea were identified to 4 species. There were 29 taxa specially designated floristic regional indicator plants by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. The alien plants were identified as 42 taxa, and their naturalization ratio was 8.6%. Usage of 483 taxa were consisted of 190 taxa (39.3%) of edible plants, 162 taxa (33.5%) of pasture plants, 154 taxa (31.8%) of medicinal plants, 58 taxa (12.0%) of ornamental plants, 14 taxa (2.8%) of timber plants, 5 taxa (1.0%) of fiber plants, and 2 taxa (0.4%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-95
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• 2009

This study was examined the vascular plants and their characteristics cited in 311 science textbooks of elementary and secondary schools used in the fifth to seventh curriculum. Vascular plants were composed of 129 families, 332 genera, 383 species, 2 subspecies, 47 varieties, 6 forma, and 3 hybrid, totaling 441 taxa. The herbs and trees were consists of 280 taxa (63.5%) and 161 taxa (36.5%), respectively. Native species (241 taxa) were more cited than non-native species (200 taxa). The number of species within a family were high ranked in 35 taxa of Compositae, and 26 taxa of Gramineae. Nine species including endemic genus Hanabusaya Nakai and Abeliophyllum Nakai among the 441 taxa were Korean endemic, and the 25 rare and 12 endangered plants were also included. Based on the list of the species of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment, 83 taxa were recorded in the investigated textbooks, and the naturalized plants were 16 taxa. 441 taxa listed consists of 185 taxa (41.9%) of edible plants, 148 taxa (33.5%) of medicinal plants, 139 taxa (31.5%) of ornamental plants, 87 taxa (19.7%) of pasture plants, 34 taxa (7.7%) of timber plants, 13 taxa (2.9%) of miscellaneous plants, 8 taxa (1.8%) of fiber plants, and 3 taxa (0.7%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2015

Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2017

The East Sea is almost entirely composed of sandy facies, and the facies type is the major factor influencing benthic polychaete communities. There have been few studies of the effects of environmental factors on benthic polychaetes in thermal discharge areas consisting of different sediment types. This study identified the spatial distribution patterns based on the species composition and distribution of benthic polychaete communities, and the environmental factors influencing benthic polychaetes near power plants were investigated. The polychaete communities in the Uljin, Hupo, and Gori coastal areas near the power plants in the East Sea were seasonally investigated from August 2006 to February 2013. As a result, 283 species were collected. The dominant species were Spiophanes bombyx, Magelona japonica, Lumbrineris longifolia, and Sternaspis scutata. Spiophanes bombyx was the dominant species at Uljin and Hupo, but M. japonica was the dominant species at Gori. Two dominant species from the coastal waters of the East Sea, Lumbrineris longifolia and M. japonica, were rare in the power plant water intake or drainage areas. Cluster analysis was performed to divide the study area into groups by the total organic carbon content, sediment grain size and facies patterns. This study suggests that the community structures of polychaetes are more affected by the total organic carbon, grain size of sediment and facies than by disturbance from thermal discharge, which only affected the polychaete community near power plant drainage areas.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.476-491
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• 2017

The water spider (Argyroneta aquatica), a rare member of its species, is one of the few insects known to live under water all over the world. In Korea, the water spider can be found only in the Eundae-ri, Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province, where they are designated as a natural monument. However, loss of habitat is obvious, as the Eundae-ri wetland undergoes hydrarch succession. Loss of habitat has a direct impact on the water spider population. Thus protective measures for the water spider are needed to preserve the water spider habitat. In this study, a sweeping and visual survey of insect species was conducted in the water spider habitat from May to September 2015. The characteristics of each one of the different insect species and the community features were analyzed in this study. A total of 3,929 insects representing 276 species from 13 orders collected for the analysis. The most frequently collected insects from the Order Hemiptera represented 24.2% of total species and 82.3% of the total number of insects. Community analyses showed dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness indices of 0.23, 2.27, 0.41, and 31.2, respectively. Compared with the previous survey data, these results showed that reduction of the spider's wetland habitat caused the most commonly collected insects to adapt and spread to the surrounding terrestrial environment.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.11-23
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of vascular plants in five islands of Jisimdo, Naedo, Yoondoldo, Songdo and Galdo in East Hallyeohaesang National Park. The Islands were surveyed from 2010 to 2011. The flora was classified to as: Jisimdo, 246 taxa; 85 families, 195 genus, 219 species, 3 subspecies, 24 varieties and 2 forma. Naedo, 143 taxa; 72 families, 127 genus, 131 species, 12 varieties. Yoondoldo, 84 taxa; 56 families, 73 genus, 219 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties. Songdo, 70 taxa; 33 families, 63 genus, 64 species, 6 varieties and Galdo, 93 taxa; 47 families, 84 genus, 84 species, 1 subspecies, 7 varieties, and 1 forma. Thus, a total of 380 taxa; 105 families, 272 genus, 334 species, 3 subspecies, 39 varieties and 4 forma were observed. A total of 8 and 6 taxa were found to be rare plants in surveyed areas and endemic to Korea, respectively. Distribution of floristic special plants in the surveyed area was divided into five classes (class I-V), 42 taxa; were in class I, 1 taxa; was in class II, 25 taxa; were in class III, 4 taxa; were in class IV and 4 taxa; were in class V. Total floristic special plants were 76 taxa.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.574-587
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• 2014

In this study, vertical distribution patterns of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Q. serrata Murray in Korea were recognized and possibility of introgressive hybridization and gene flow between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Jiri was inferred by flavonoid analyses. The most critical factor on distribution patterns was the altitude in accordance with temperature condition. A zonal distribution was recognized: Quercus mongolica zone in the upper area and Q. serrata zone in the lower area. In Central Korea, the range of vertical distribution of Q. mongolica was above alt. 100m, almost everywhere, whereas that of Q. serrata was from alt. 0 m to alt. 500(-700) m, and the species is rare above that altitude. But in Southern Korea, Q. serrata is found up to above alt. 1,000 m, whereas frequency of Q. mongolica reduces as elevation in decline and the species is rare below alt. 300 m, even though pure stands being formed on higher mountain slope. Altitudinal distribution of the two species, however, overlaps, where the two species occur together. Thirty-seven individuals of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Jiri and other area were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified; they were glycosylated derivatives of the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, and four compounds among the flavonoid compounds were acylated. Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside and its acylated compounds were major constituents and present in all individuals. Quercus mongolica is distinguished from Q. serrata by the presence of quercetin 3-O-arabinosylglucoside and by high concentration of three acylated compounds, acylated kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, and by relatively low concentration or lacking of rhamnosyl flavonol compounds. There are intraspecific variations in flavonoid profiles for Q. mongolica and Q. serrata, the flavonoid profiles for individuals of two species in hybrid zone (sympatric zone) tend to be similar to each other, qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings strongly suggest that gene exchange or gene flow occurs through the introgressive hybridization between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Jiri. Therefore, Quercus crispula, occupying morphologically intermediate position between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata, is suspected of being a hybrid taxon of two putative parental species.