• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 1979

Depuration of extraneous substances such as bottom deposit, feces and coliforms from live oyster has been studied. Coliform accumulation of bottom cultured oysters was much higher than that of raft or long line cultured oysters. When the depuration tank designed in this study was adopted, the depuration rate could be diminished to about $50\%$ within one hour treatment. Tho most effective conditions of the tank water for depurating live oysters wer $22^{\circ}C$ in temperature, 8.80 in pH and below about 2 ppm of residual chlorine concentration.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.283-300
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• 2020

The Lakhta Center is a Multifunction Complex Development (MFCD) consisting of 1) an 86 story office tower rising 462 m above the ground to provide high-end offices for Gazprom Neft and Gazprom Group affiliates 2) a Multi-Function Building (MFB) that includes, a scientific/educational center, a sport center, a children's technopark, a planetarium, a multi-transformable hall, an exhibition center, shops, restaurants, and other public facilities 3) a Stylobate 4) "The Arch, which forms the main entrance to the tower, restaurants, and cafes 5) underground parking and 6) a wide range of large public plazas. While each of the MFCD buildings is technically challenging in its own right, the focus of the paper is to present the development and integration of the structural and foundation systems of the bowed, tapered, and twisted shape of the tower into the fabric of the tallest Tower in Europe.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.539-545
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• 2014

Styrene-acrylamide co-polymer was immobilized on porous partially sub-$2{\mu}m$ silica monolith particles and inner surface of fused silica capillary ($50{\mu}m$ ID and 28 cm length) to result in ${\mu}LC$ and CEC stationary phases, respectively, for separation of anomeric D-glucose derivatives. Reversed addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization was incorporated to induce surface polymerization. Acrylamide was employed to incorporate amide-functionality in the stationary phase. The resultant ${\mu}LC$ and CEC stationary phases were able to separate isomers of D-glucose derivatives with high selectivity and efficiency. The mobile phase of 75/25 (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN)/water with 0.1% TFA, was used for HPLC with a packed column (1 mm ID, 300 mm length). The effects of pH and ACN composition on anomeric separation of D-glucose in CEC have been examined. A mobile phase of 85/15 (v/v) ACN/30 mM sodium acetate pH 6.7 was found the optimized mobile phase for CEC. The CEC stationary phase also gave good separation of other saccharides such as maltotriose and Dextran 1500 (MW~1500) with good separation efficiency (number of theoretical plates ~300,000/m).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1164-1169
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• 2009

Piled raft foundation is commonly used for structure on deep soft soil deposit rather than end bearing piles to control differential settlement. However, it is still expensive for light weight structures. Wing-wall type foundation has been successfully applied to reduce average settlement for light weight structure. This study will further investigate this type of foundation using bench scale experiments on clay and sand. Numerical analysis and approach method are used to verify load settlement curve of wing-wall foundation on experimentally study. Furthermore, normalized settlement curves are applied to define prediction of settlement on wing-wall foundation. In the result settlement on wing-wall foundation can be effectively done by increasing the length of wall instead of number of walls and equation for calculating average settlement can be derived using normalized load settlement curve.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2015

Usually the analyses of structures are carried out by assuming the base of structures to be fixed. However, the soil beneath foundation alters the earthquake loading and varies the response of structure. Hence, it is not realistic to analyze structures by considering it to be fixed. The importance of soil-structure interaction was realized from the past failures of massive structures by neglecting the effect of soil in seismic analysis. The analysis of massive structures requires soil flexibility to be considered to avoid failure and ensure safety. Present study, considers the seismic behavior of multi-storey reinforced concrete narrow and wide buildings of various heights with and without shear wall supported on raft foundation incorporating the effect of soil flexibility. Analysis of the three dimensional models of six different shear wall positions founded on four different soils has been carried out using finite element software LS DYNA. The study investigates the differences in spectral acceleration coefficient (Sa/g), base shear and storey shear obtained following the seismic provisions of Indian standard code IS: 1893 (2002) (IS) and International building code IBC: 2012 (IBC). The base shear values obtained as per IBC provisions are higher than IS values.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

Various studies have been conducted to improve silica dispersion of silica filled tire tread compounds; among them, silica wet masterbatch (WMB) technology is known to be suitable for manufacturing silica filled compounds that have high silica content and high dispersibility. Till now, the WMB study is focused on the natural rubber (NR) or emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR) that does not have a silica-affinity functional group, and a study of NR or ESBR having a silica-affinity functional group is still not well known. Unlike the dry masterbatch technology, the WMB technology can solve the problems associated with the high Mooney viscosity when applied to silica-friendly rubber. However, a coagulant suitable for each functional group has not yet been determined. Therefore, in this study, different coagulant applied silica WMB was prepared by applying calcium chloride, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid by using a carboxyl group functionalized reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer ESBR. The evaluation of the WMB compounds revealed that the calcium chloride added WMB compound showed excellent silica dispersion, abrasion resistance, and rolling resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.465-469
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• 2006

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the construction of super high-rise buildings. From the prior art, various procedures and devices for surveys during and after the phase of erection of a high-rise building are known. High-rise buildings are subject to strong external tilt effects caused, for instance, by wind pressures, unilateral thermal effects by exposure to sunlight, and unilateral loads. Such effects are a particular challenge in the phase of construction of a high-rise building, in as much as the high-rise building under construction is also subject to tilt effects, and will at least temporarily lose its - as a rule exactly vertical - alignment. Yet construction should progress in such a way that the building is aligned as planned, and particularly so in the vertical, when returning into an un-tilted basic state.It is essential that a straight element be constructed that theoretically, even when moving around its design centre point due to varying loads, would have an exactly vertical alignment when all biasing conditions are neutralised. Because of differential raft settlement, differential concrete shortening, and construction tolerances, this ideal situation will rarely be achieved. This paper describes a procedure developed by the authors using GPS observations combined with a network of precision inclination sensor to provide reliable coordinated points at the top of the worldwide highest-rise building under construction in Dubai.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.4 s.42
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

In this paper we propose Wilcoxon test, Median test and Van der Waerden test such as linear rank tests in two-sample location problem for detecting edges effectively in noisy images. These methods are based on detecting image intensity changes between two pixel neighborhoods using an edge-height model to perform effectively on noisy images. The neighborhood size used here is small and its shape is varied adaptively according to edge orientations. We compare and analysis the performance of these statistical edge detectors on both natural images and synthetic images with and without noise.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.847-865
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• 2016

In this study, a series of geotechnical centrifugal tests were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of settlement control of two types of rigid pile structure embankments (PRSE) in collapsible loess under high-speed railway embankments. The research results show that ground reinforcement is required to reduce the post-construction settlement and settlement rate of the embankments. The rigid pile structure embankments using rigid piles can substantially reduce the embankment settlement in the construction of embankments on collapsible loess, and the efficiency in settlement reduction is affected by the pile spacing. The pile-raft structure embankments (PRSE) have much stronger ability in terms of the effectiveness of settlement control, while the pile-geogrid structure embankments (PGSE) provides rapid construction as well as economic benefits. Rational range of pile spacing of PRSE and PGSE are suggested based on the requirements of various railways design speeds. Furthermore, the time effectiveness of negative skin friction of piles and the action of pile-cap setting are also investigated. The relevant measures for improving the bearing capacity and two parts of transition zone forms as positive control mean have been suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.699-706
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• 2022

Settlement control techniques are critical for the safety of shield tunnel constructions, especially for facing complex situations. In this study, the shield tunnel structure from Huaita east road station to Heping Road station in Xuzhou metro No.3 line (China) is taken as engineering background, which has various complex problems of the upper-soft and lower-hard composite stratum conditions, twin curve shield tunnels, and underpass the foundation of the piled raft. The deformation characteristics of shield tunnelling passing through buildings are explored. Subsequently, comprehensive research methods of numerical simulation and field measurement are adopted to analyzing the effectiveness of settlement control by using the top grouting technique. The results show that the settlement of the buildings has obvious spatial characteristics, and the hysteresis effect can be obviously observed in soil deformation caused by shield construction. Meanwhile, the two shield constructions can cause repeated disturbances, reducing the soil deformation's hysteresis effect. Moreover, the shield tunnel's differential settlement is too large when a single line passes through, and the shield construction of the outer curve can cause more significant disturbance in the tunnel than the inside curve. Notably, the proposed process control parameters and secondary topgrouting method can effectively control the deformation of the shield tunnel, especially for the long-term deformation.