• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.741-757
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to develop an instrument to be used for measuring the concept of quality of life of Korean patients with cancer multidimensionary and correctly. It can contribute in holistic nursing care for Korean cancer patients and also provide and validate basic data to help oncology nurses measure the outcome of nursing intervention correctly. To develop this instrument, the researchers first estabilished a conceptual framework based on the results of qualitative data analysis and indepth interview method Development of the scale was conducted using a method in which 31 items were assessed by subjects' self report using linear analogue scales. The subjects were 79 D.M. patients, 103 patients with acute illness, and 91 cancer patients residing in Busan, Korea. Data were collected during the period from July, 24 to August 14, 2000. This instrument consisted of 31 items with a self report scale. This instrument covered 4 dimensions of cancer patients : 1) physical wellbeing 2) psychological wellbeing 3) social wellbeing and 4)spiritual wellbeing. Each item had a possible score of 10. The reliability of the scale was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Validity was evaluated by examining the relationships of this scale, Youn's Quality of Life Questionnare scores and the Simple Quality of Life scale. Two separate runs of multiple regression were used to predict scores on the Simple Quality of Life measurement. Further validation was obtained by examining the correlation between the instrument subscores and Youn's Quality of Life measurement subscore for convergence of this scale. Examination of the discriminant. power of the instrument was done using ANOVA test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The reliability of the instrument for the quality of life was 0.8321(Cronbach's alpha.), physical wellbeing dimension 0.6343, psychological wellbeing dimension 0.6501, spiritual wellbeing dimension 0.5883. 2. This instrument had a high correlation with Youn's Quality of Life measurement(r= 0.636) in cancer patients, whereas it had a low correlation with Simple Quality of Life measurement(r=0.455) in cancer patients. In the D.M. patients, the instrument correlated with both the Youn's Quality of Life measurement and Simple Quality of life measurement(r=0.313, r= 0.407) and in the acute stage patients, the instrument had no correlation. 3. Multiple regression of individual items on the Simple Quality of Life scores accounted for 56.8% of the variance in the Simple Quality of Life measurement, whereas, Youn's Quality of Life measurement scores accounts for 31.7%. 4. The correlations collected from the three group had the same patterns of variations but especially the instrument developed in this study had higher disciminant power than that of Youn's Quality of Life Measurement.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.800-802
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• 2006

A simple wide-viewing-angle solution of electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) LCD is proposed, which is based on a single discotic compensation film. The use of a single discotic film instead of two leads to a considerable reduction in cost while high performance is maintained.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1993

Analytic and simulation models for prioritized token ring are presented in this paper. Its protocol is based on prioritized token ring with reservation (R-PTR). Since the protocol of the R-PTR is simple and the performance of the R-PTR is not inferior to that of the IEEE-PTR under almost all traffic load environments, we use the R-PTR as our token ring model. By using the properties of Markovian process, the expressions for average throughput and average packet transmission delay are derived. The results obtained from the analytic model are compared with that of the discrete event simulation model.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.71-100
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• 1999

This article is concerned with the importance of organisation management and its characteristics in business performance in SMEs, and tested by four main aspects: managerial strategies, organisational structure, leader behaviour, and R&D activities. These relationships were tested with questionnaire data from a random sample of 87 firms. Results from simple statistics on each issue showed that SMEs have focused on the corporate growth and management goals, the democratic leadership, decentralisation in organisational structure, and the technology development plans. Results from correlation analyses not only found significant relationships between managerial strategy and R&D activities but also showed differences in R&D activities according to structural status or leadership style, respectively.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

I. 목적 : 본 연구에서는 복부의 이상적 영상 구현을 위한 Film Screen (F.S) System과 Computed Radiography(C.R) System의 촬영조건의 차이를 비교 분석해 보고, C.R system에서 촬영조건 변화에 따른 영상의 특성을 분석함으로써, C.R 환경에서 촬영조건 설정의 중요성을 살펴보고자 한다. II. 대상 및 방법 : F.S system에서 촬영 조건을 70kVp로 고정시키고, mAs를 단계적으로 변화시켜 복부 단순겸사를 시행하여 영상을 획득한 후, 진단방사선과 전문의와 방사선사로 구성된 영상평가 팀의 정량적, 정성적 분석을 통하여 F.S system 최적의 영상을 선정하였다. 동일 환자를 대상으로 C.R system 에서 위와 동일한 방법으로 영상을 획득한 후, F.S system과 C.R system의 영상의 특성곡선(Characteristic Curves)을 비교분석하고, C.R system에서 촬영조건 변화에 따른 복부 장기의 농도변화 및 영상의 특정을 비교 평가하였다. 마지막으로, F.S system과 C.R system의 최적의 영상 획득을 위한 촬영조건의 차이를 비교 분석하고, C.R 환경에서 촬영조건의 중요성을 살펴보았다. III. 결과 : F.S system에서 영상평가팀의 평가를 통하여 선택된 최적 영상의 촬영 조건은 70kVp, 20mAs로 나타났다. C.R system에서는 촬영조건 12mAs, 70kVp에서 복벽과 직접노출구역의 농도 차이가 최대인, 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. C.R system에서는 (70kVp로 고정)변화한 mAs량(3.2mAs, 8mAs, 12mAs, 16mAs, 20mAs)에 상관없이 복부 장기는 거의 통일한 농도를 나타냈으며 12mAs 기준으로 노출 조건의 감소 또는 증가에 따라서 복벽과 직접노출부분의 명확한 구분이 불가능하였으며, mAs량이 낮아질수록 양자반점(Quantum Mottle)으로 인한 artifact는 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. IV. 결론 : 위의 실험 결과 본원 system의 복부단순검사에서는 C.R system 사용 시 F.S system 보다 촬영 조건을 약 40% 감소시킬 수 있었다. C.R환경에서 x-ray장치 Image processing 장치, 자동 감도조절(EDR : exposure data recognition processing) 장치, PACS 등 사용하는 장비들의 특성을 분석하여 적정 노출조건을 재설정한다면, 최소의 피폭선량으로 최대의 영상정보를 지닌 진단적 가치가 높은 영상의 획득이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2006

The following results ale extended from P-injective rings to AP-injective rings: (1) R is left self-injective regular if and only if R is a right (resp. left) AP-injective ring such that for every finitely generated left R-module M, $_R(M/Z(M))$ is projective, where Z(M) is the left singular submodule of $_{R}M$; (2) if R is a left nonsingular left AP-injective ring such that every maximal left ideal of R is either injective or a two-sided ideal of R, then R is either left self-injective regular or strongly regular. In addition, we answer a question of Roger Yue Chi Ming [13] in the positive. Let R be a ring whose every simple singular left R-module is Y J-injective. If R is a right MI-ring whose every essential right ideal is an essential left ideal, then R is a left and right self-injective regular, left and right V-ring of bounded index.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.155-158
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• 1985

본 논문에서 제안한 능동 여파기는 커패시터를 사용하지 않고 단지 4개의 저항과 2단의 연산 증폭기로 구성되고 다기능 특성을 갖고 있으며 저항의 비를 낮춘 능동-R 여파기이다. 제안된 능동-R 여파기는 여파기 파라미터인 극점 주파수 $W_r$와 극점$Q_r$의 감도가 매우 낮으며 고주파에서의 동작이 가능하고 사용한 저항의 수가 적어지고 저항의 비가 감소하므로 여파기의 집적화가 용이하다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 능동-R 여파기의 모든 특성이 이론과 거의 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.102-104
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• 2011

Purpose: The standard treatments of hand fractures today are fixations by K -wires, metal plates, wires and lag screws. But it is very difficult to reconstruct fractures by placing implants into small bony fragments especially in the comminuted fractures and intra-articular fractures. This paper describes a simple method of reconstruction with Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ for comminuted and intra-articular fractures in hands. Methods: 2 cases with comminuted and intra-articular fractures by crushing injury were reconstructed with Histoacryl$^{(R)}$. We performed applying Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ with swab on the bone cortex carefully to avoid Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ infiltrating into the medulla. We could rearrange and fixate bony fragments using only Histoacryl$^{(R)}$, in addition, metal plates, K-wires, wires, and lag screws could be used for secondary fixation if needed. Results: Post-operative X-ray finding of 2 patients assured that the bony fragments of the hand fractures maintained their original positions. Significant displacement and deviation, infection, nonunion, and malunion during the follow-up period were not observed. Conclusion: This study showed the possibility of using Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ in addition as a simple method of fixation in the comminuted and intra-articular hand fractures.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1531-1548
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• 2016

Let C[0, t] denote the space of real-valued continuous functions on [0, t] and define a random vector $Z_n:C[0,t]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^n$ by $Z_n(x)=(\int_{0}^{t_1}h(s)dx(s),{\ldots},\int_{0}^{t_n}h(s)dx(s))$, where 0 < $t_1$ < ${\cdots}$ < $ t_n=t$ is a partition of [0, t] and $h{\in}L_2[0,t]$ with $h{\neq}0$ a.e. Using a simple formula for a conditional expectation on C[0, t] with $Z_n$, we evaluate a generalized analytic conditional Wiener integral of the function $G_r(x)=F(x){\Psi}(\int_{0}^{t}v_1(s)dx(s),{\ldots},\int_{0}^{t}v_r(s)dx(s))$ for F in a Banach algebra and for ${\Psi}=f+{\phi}$ which need not be bounded or continuous, where $f{\in}L_p(\mathbb{R}^r)(1{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty})$, {$v_1,{\ldots},v_r$} is an orthonormal subset of $L_2[0,t]$ and ${\phi}$ is the Fourier transform of a measure of bounded variation over $\mathbb{R}^r$. Finally we establish various change of scale transformations for the generalized analytic conditional Wiener integrals of $G_r$ with the conditioning function $Z_n$.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2013

A ring R is called a left (right) SF-ring if simple left (right) R-modules are flat. It is still unknown whether a left (right) SF-ring is von Neumann regular. In this paper, we give some conditions for a left (right) SF-ring to be (a) von Neumann regular; (b) strongly regular; (c) division ring. It is proved that: (1) a right SF-ring R is regular if maximal essential right (left) ideals of R are weakly left (right) ideals of R (this result gives an affirmative answer to the question raised by Zhang in 1994); (2) a left SF-ring R is strongly regular if every non-zero left (right) ideal of R contains a non-zero left (right) ideal of R which is a W-ideal; (3) if R is a left SF-ring such that $l(x)(r(x))$ is an essential left (right) ideal for every right (left) zero divisor x of R, then R is a division ring.