• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.422-431
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• 2016

일부 소스류 제품에 사용된 스탠딩 파우치에서 전자레인지 가열조리 시 열변형이 발견되어 이의 원인을 규명하고자 온도 변화 패턴을 조사하였다. 전자레인지로 포장된 식품을 가열 시 포장재의 온도 변화는 식품 자체의 온도보다 높고 국소적인 온도 측정 기술을 요한다. 공시 시료로 매운맛 닭 소스와 인도카레의 전자레인지 가열 시 포장재와 시료의 온도를 열화상 카메라, 온도센서 테이프 및 광섬유 온도계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 스탠딩 파우치 형태의 포장은 전자레인지 가열 조리 시 내용물의 불균일한 가열이 관찰되어 특정 부위, 특히 액위선 상단과 측면 sealing layer에 열이 집중되는 현상이 발생하였다. 열화상 카메라를 이용한 온도 측정 방법은 식품의 표면 온도를 측정하는 제약이 있고 실제 식품의 온도보다 낮게 측정되는 경향을 보였다. 온도센서 테이프를 이용할 경우 $200^{\circ}C$까지 온도까지 측정되어 전자레인지 가열 과정 중 포장재 변형 현상이 야기될 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 전자레인지 가열 시 포장재 표면의 온도 변화를 기존 광섬유 온도계로 측정할 경우 실제 온도보다 낮게 측정되는 결과가 초래되므로, 좁은 범위에서의 hot spot의 온도 변화를 감지할 수 있는 방법으로 GaAS crystal 센서를 사용함으로서 기존 센서보다 더 민감하고 정확한 온도 측정이 가능하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.545-562
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• 2021

A 3 yr experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of diet and feeding location on animal performance, carcass characteristics, whole blood counts, and internal parasite burden of lambs assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) confinement fed 71% alfalfa, 18% barley pellet, 5% molasses, 0.013% Bovatec, 6.1% vitamin/mineral package diet (CALF), 2) confinement fed 60% barley, 26% alfalfa pellet, 4% molasses, 2.5% soybean-hi pro, 0.016% Bovatec, 7.4% vitamin/mineral package diet (CBAR), 3) field fed 71% alfalfa, 18% barley pellet, 5% molasses, 0.013% Bovatec, 6.1% vitamin/mineral package diet (FALF), and 4) field fed 60% barley, 26% alfalfa pellet, 4% molasses, 2.5% soybean-hi pro, 0.016% Bovatec, 7.4% vitamin/mineral package diet (FBAR). A year × location interaction was detected for ending body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI); therefore results are presented by year. In all years, cost of gain and DMI were greater for CALF and FALF than for CBAR and FBAR feed treatments (p ≤ 0.03). In yr 2 and 3 field treatments had greater ending BW and ADG than confinement treatments. For all years, diet did not affect ending BW or ADG. In yr 1 dressing percent and rib eye area were greater for field finished lambs than confinement finished (p ≤ 0.02) and Warner-Bratzler shear force was greater for CALF and FALF (p = 0.03). In yr 2 lambs in FALF and FBAR treatments had greater leg scores and conformation than CALF and CBAR (p = 0.09). In yr 1, FALF had a greater small intestine total worm count than all other treatments. In yr 1, ending Trichostrongyle type egg counts were greater for FALF (p = 0.05). In yr 2, ending Nematodirus spp. egg counts were greater for FALF and lowest for CBAR (p < 0.01). Abomasum Teladorsagia circumcinta worm burden was greater in CALF than all other treatments (p = 0.07) in yr 2. While field finishing lambs with a grain- or forage-based diet we conclude that it is possible to produce a quality lamb product without adverse effects to animal performance, carcass quality or increasing parasite burdens.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.975-987
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• 2013

최근 Hadoop은 빅데이터의 저장, 처리 및 분석을 위한 표준시스템으로 인식되고 있으며, 많은 빅데이터 관련 시스템들이 Hadoop에 기반하여 구축되고 있다. 또한 R은 다른 소프트웨어와의 연동이 쉽고 다양한 분석 라이브러리들을 탑재하고 있어서 Hadoop 환경하에서 빅데이터의 분석을 위한 공통 분석 플렛폼으로 여겨지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Hadoop 환경에서 분산 데이터 처리를 위한 R패키지인 Rhipe를 소개하고 빅데이터를 이용한 병렬 다중회귀분석을 위해 MapReduce 프로그램을 작성하는 방법을 예시하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 대용량처리를 위한 R 분석패키지인 ff와 bigmemory와의 연산속도를 비교하였으며, 데이터의 크기가 커짐에 따라 Rhipe를 이용한 MapReduce 프로그램의 계산속도가 ff와 bigmemory에 비해 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for developing effective marketing strategies of nursing organization by identifying the influence of internal marketing factors on the nurses' organizational commitment. The subjects of this study were 256 nurses who were working in the hospital over 1 year at three university hospitals which had more than 400 beds in seoul and kyung-gido. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were the communication form scale developed by Jo(1995), the welfare scale developed by researcher, the education training scale developed by researcher, the organizational commitment scale developed by Mowday, Porter and Steers(1979). The data were analysed by the SAS package using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In mean score of internal marketing factors in nursing organization, horizontal communication was 3.42, downward communication 3.32, involvement communication 3.08, upward communication 3.00, education training 2.54, welfare 2.51. The meas score of organizational commitment was 3.00. 2. Organizational commitment was positively correlated with upward communication(r=0.48, p=0.0001), education training(r=0.42, p=0.0001), horizontal communication(r=0.36, p=0.0001), welfare(r=0.34, p=0.0001), involvement communication(r=0.25, p=0.0001) of internal marketing factors in nursing organization, but was negatively correlated with downward communication(r=-0.20, p=0.0014). 3. The major internal marketing factors which influence organizational commitment was upward communication. Upward communication explained 23% of organizational commitment. If education training, horizontal communication, welfare and downward communication were added, 38% of the variance would be explained. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the higher upward communication level among the internal marketing factors was doing more important role in nurses' organizational commitment. Therefore, for improvement of nurses' organizational commitment, it is important to improve upward communication and to develop the education training program among the internal marketing factors.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.844-848
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• 2012

Encapsulant curing in terms of convection oven leads to thermal induced stress due to nonuniform thermal conductivity in LED package. We have adopted infrared (IR) light for silicone curing in order to release the stress. The light uniformity irradiated on an encapsulant surface is confirmed to be uniform by optical simulation. Shear strength of die paste using IR compared to convection oven is increased 19.2% at the same curing time, which indicates curing time can be shortened. The indentation depth difference between center and edge of silicone encapsulant in terms of convection oven and IR are 14.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Curing by IR also shows 2.3% better radiant flux persistency rate of LED at $85^{\circ}C$ after 1,000 h reliability test compared to convection curing.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2017

EPIG (Electroless Pd/immersion Au) process was studied to replace ENIG (electroless Ni/immersion Au) and ENEPIG (electroless Ni/electroless Pd/immersion Au) processes for bump surface treatment used in high reliable flip chip packages. The palladium and gold layers formed by EPIG process were uniform with thickness of 125 nm and 34.5 nm, respectively. EPAG (Electroless Pd/autocatalytic Au) also produced even layers of palladium and gold with the thickness of 115 nm and 100 nm. TEM results exhibited that the gold layer in EPIG surface had crystalline structure while the palladium layer was amorphous one. After annealing at 250 nm, XPS analysis indicated that the palladium layer with thickness more than 22~33 nm could act as a diffusion barrier of copper interconnects. As a result of comparing the chip shear strength obtained from ENIG and EPIG surfaces, it was confirmed that the bonding strength was similar each other as 12.337 kg and 12.330 kg, respectively.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.13-32
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 빅데이터 연구 논문의 주제 분야 간의 연관관계를 분석하는데 있다. 동시 인용관계를 적용하여 분석 대상의 주제 분야를 추출하였으며, R 프로그램의 Apriori 알고리즘을 이용하여 연관관계의 규칙을 분석하고, arulesViz 패키지를 사용하여 시각화하였다. 연구 결과 22개 주제 분야가 추출되었는데, 이들 주제 분야는 3가지 군집으로 구분되었다. 주제 분야의 연관관계 유형을 분석한 결과, 연관관계의 복잡성에 따라 '전문형', '일반형', '확대형'으로 구분되었다. 전문형에는 문헌정보학, 신문방송학 등이 포함되었고, 일반형에는 정치외교학, 무역학, 관광학 등이 포함되었고, 확대형에는 기타인문학, 사회과학일반, 관광학일반 등이 포함되었다. 이 연관관계는 빅데이터 연구자가 한 주제분야를 인용할 때 관계가 있는 다른 주제 분야를 인용하는 경향을 보여주는 것으로, 도서관에서 학술정보서비스를 위해 연관관계를 활용한 서비스를 고려해야 할 필요가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1817-1822
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to screen for possible biomarkers of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) using a DNA microarray. Methods: We downloaded the gene expression profile GSE49003 from Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 6 gene chips from metastatic and 6 from non-metastatic OS patients. The R package was used to screen and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between metastatic and non-metastatic OS patients. Then we compared the expression of DEGs in the two groups and sub-grouped into up-regulated and down-regulated, followed by functional enrichment analysis using the DAVID system. Subsequently, we constructed an miRNA-DEG regulatory network with the help of WebGestalt software. Results: A total of 323 DEGs, including 134 up-regulated and 189 down-regulated, were screened out. The up-regulated DEGs were enriched in 14 subcategories and most significantly in cytoskeleton organization, while the down-regulated DEGs were prevalent in 13 subcategories, especially wound healing. In addition, we identified two important miRNAs (miR-202 and miR-9) pivotal for OS metastasis, and their relevant genes, CALD1 and STX1A. Conclusions: MiR-202 and miR-9 are potential key factors affecting the metastasis of OS and CALD1 and STX1A may be possible targets beneficial for the treatment of metastatic OS. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm our results.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.677-688
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of dental hospital accreditation and the awareness and practice of infection control in dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 238 dental hygienists working at dental hospitals in Gwangju Jeonnam and analyzed from October 24, 2016 to September 22, 2017. Data were analyzed with the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21.0. Results: Compared to non-accredited dental hospitals, all three variables were high for accredited dental hospitals. In accredited dental hospitals, healthcare accreditation expectancy effects correlated to awareness (r=0.407) and practice (r=0.533) of infection control, and awareness of infection control correlated to its practice (r=0.725). In non-accredited dental hospitals, healthcare accreditation expectancy effects correlated to awareness of infection control (r=0.239), and awareness of infection control correlated to its practice (r=0.481). Accredited dental hospitals showed healthcare accreditation expectancy effects (${\beta}=0.258$) and awareness of infection control (${\beta}=0.556$), and non-accredited dental hospitals were influenced by the number of employees (${\beta}=0.567$) and awareness of infection control (${\beta}=0.376$). Conclusions: It is necessary to develop efficient and systematic infection control programs to improve the awareness and practice of infection control in dental hygienists and patient's safety in the clinical field.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2009

목적 ; 본 연구는 가스분석검사기의 일종인 Oral $Chroma^{(R)}$(CHM-1, Osaka, Japen)를 이용하여 건강검진센터에 내원하는 환자를 대상으로 전신질환 판정검사에서 이상소견을 가진 환자에서 구취를 일으키는 휘발성 황화합물을 측정 비교하여 전신질환이 구취에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 ; 수집된 자료는 통계분석 프로그램인 Statistical Package for the Social Science12.0(SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA)을 이용하여 구강검사(CPI index, 탐침 시 출혈 유무, 설태의 유무) 결과 및 각 검사별 전신질환의 유무에 따른 황화수소, 메틸 머캅탄, 황화 디메틸의 농도를 교차분석으로 분석하였다. 결과 ; 휘발성 황화합물과 관계있는 질환은 간질환과 담낭질환이라는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며 그 외 골밀도와 혈압, 지질검사 등에서의 관련성도 관찰되어 추후 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.