• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.269-279
• /
• 2010

This study investigates 4P's of developing food service products(Focused on Gwangju, Jeonnam area) and intends to set the direction for the relations between product, price, promotion, place and customer satisfaction and customer occupation. Statistical techniques employed includes reliability analysis and regression analysis. The study is based on the 220-questionnaire-survey conducted from July 6 to July 20, 2009 to five foodservice companies in Gwangju. The data collected of this study were analyzed with the frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis using the SPSS 12.0 package program. The findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, there are significant product, price, promotion and place factors that affect customer satisfaction. Secondly, there are significant product, price, promotion and place factors that affect customer occupation. Thus, food service management needs to apply product, price, promotion and place strategies aggressively.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2007

The smaller size and higher integration of advanced electronic package systems result in severe electrochemical reliability issues in microelectronic packaging due to higher electric field under high temperature and humidity conditions. Under these harsh conditions, electronic components respond to applied voltages by electrochemical ionization of metal and the formation of a filament, which leads to short-circuit failure of an electronic component, which is termed electrochemical migration. This work aims to evaluate electrochemical migration susceptibility of the pure Sn, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys in $Na_{2}SO_{4}$. The water drop test was performed to understand the failure mechanism in a pad patterned solder alloy. The polarization test and anodic dissolution test were performed, and ionic species and concentration were analyzed. Ag and Cu additions increased the time to failure of Pb-free solder in 0.001 wt% $Na_{2}SO_{4}$ solution at room temperature and the dendrite was mainly composed of Sn regardless of the solders. In the case of SnAg solders, when Ag and Cu added to the solders, Ag and Cu improved the passivation behavior and pitting corrosion resistance and formed inert intermetallic compounds and thus the dissolution of Ag and Cu was suppressed; only Sn was dissolved. If ionic species is mainly Sn ion, dissolution content than cathodic deposition efficiency will affect the composition of the dendrite. Therefore, Ag and Cu additions improve the electrochemical migration resistance of SnAg and SnAgCu solders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2015

A missile defense system is composed of radars detecting incoming missiles aiming at defense assets, command control units making the decisions on weapon target assignment, and artillery batteries firing of defensive weapons to the incoming missiles. Although, the technology behind the development of radars and weapons is very important, effective assignment of the weapons against missile threats is much more crucial. When incoming missile targets toward valuable assets in the defense area are detected, the asset-based weapon target assignment model addresses the issue of weapon assignment to these missiles so as to maximize the total value of surviving assets threatened by them. In this paper, we present a model for an asset-based weapon assignment problem with shoot-look-shoot engagement policy and fixed set-up time between each anti-missile launch from each defense unit. Then, we show detailed linear approximation process for nonlinear portions of the model and propose final linear approximation model. After that, the proposed model is applied to several ballistic missile defense scenarios. In each defense scenario, the number of incoming missiles, the speed and the position of each missile, the number of defense artillery battery, the number of anti-missile in each artillery battery, single shot kill probability of each weapon to each target, value of assets, the air defense coverage are given. After running lpSolveAPI package of R language with the given data in each scenario in a personal computer, we summarize its weapon target assignment results specified with launch order time for each artillery battery. We also show computer processing time to get the result for each scenario.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2019

In this study, we conducted numerical analyses using the Taguchi method and finite element method to calculate the thermal deformation of a printed circuit board and the effect of design factors on the thermal deformation. Analysis results showed that the thermal deformation of the panel had the strongest effect on the thermal deformation and shape of the strip and unit. In particular, the deformation in the z direction was larger than that in the xy-plane direction. The effect of design factors and the design conditions for reducing the thermal deformation of the panel and strip changed at the unit level. Therefore, it is recommended that panel-level thermal deformation must be controlled to reduce the final thermal deformation at the unit level because the thermal deformation of the strip strongly affects that of the unit.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare health promotion behavior and influencing factors between aged women of rural areas and urban areas, to investigate factors affecting their behavior, and to provide the primary data for developing heath enhancing program that is appropriate for the population. Method: A survey was conducted on 221 aged women 100 from urban areas and 121 from rural area. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple stepwise regression were found by using SPSS PC Win. Package. Result: There were significant difference of factors relating health promotion behavior in Pender model between the aged women in urban areas and rural areas, urban women showed higher scores in factors such as previous heath relating behavior, perceived confidence, self-efficacy, social support, satisfaction with marriage, situational influence, and behavioral plan involvement, while rural women showed higher scores in the factors of fixed idea regarding gender role, perceived disabled feeling, and activity related emotions. At the subscale of HPLP, interpersonal relation, nutrition, health responsibility, stress management, spiritual growth of rural group was lower than urban group. With the multiple stepwise regression analysis, commitment to a plan of action, social support, activity related affect, self efficacy were proved to be significant to urban group, while commitment to a plan of action. activity related affect, social support, sex-role stereotype were proved to be significant to rural group statistically. Conclusion: There were differences of health promotion behavior and influencing factors between aged women in urban areas and rural areas and women in rural areas were found to have more weakness than women in urban areas. With the results, it is concluded that health promotion programs for aged woman should be designed differently between urban and rural area regarding the factors affecting health promotion behaviors.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2006

We presented that fabrication process and characteristics of 3 axes flexible tactile sensor available for normal and shear force fabricated using Si micromachining and packaging technologies. The fabrication processes for 3 axes flexible tactile sensor were classified in the fabrication of sensor chips and their packaging on the flexible PCB. The variation rate of resistance was about 2.1 %/N and 0.5 %/N in applying normal and shear force, respectively. The flexibility of fabricated 3 axes flexible tactile sensor array was good enough to place on the finger-tip.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2004

The ultimate purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for effective intervention of the patients complaining of their aspects and themselves and to help dental hygienists of keep them remaining healthy effectively. The data was collected by questions from 269 people including the outpatients requiring regular care from dental clinic from December 10, 2003 to January 10, 2004. Secord & Jourard's apparatus which measures the degree of self-satisfaction to the body image and Rosenberg's equipment measuring the degree of self-respect were used for this study. The data were analysed using a computerized program named statistical package for social science including t-test, ANOVA and Pearson-correlation coefficient. The result's of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The body image and the sense of self-respect were decided by the various characters of the inquired person. Comparing the inquired person's body image in terms of general background, they showed a big difference in sociability(p=0.004), age(p=0.003), sex(p=0.043). However the experience accident any and the frequency of visiting dental clinic had little effect on deciding their body image. Comparing the self-respect. in terms of the general background, they showed a significant. difference in sociability(p=0.002), age(p=0.041), experience of any accident(p=0.012), whereas age, sex, religion, the frequency of having treatment didn't show any difference with them. 2. The relationship between the score of their body image and the sense of self-respect was positively correlated(r=0.391, p=0.000).

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.277-289
• /
• 2018

Background: Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service (LFRS), the subject of this evaluative research document employs 1400 people. 80% of employees are operational firefighters and officers whom operate across a range of duty systems and support functions, providing prevention, protection and emergency response to the communities of Lancashire. Methods: The overarching purpose of this epidemiological study is to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst operational LFRS personnel and to analyse the effects upon those who may be suffering from it, whether brought about by a single traumatic event or by repeated exposure to traumatic occurrences over a period of time. A combination of primary and secondary research was carried out. Primary data was collated using two recognised clinical questionnaires and statistical analysis was conducted with the aid of the software package SPSS. Results: The findings and statistical analysis showed that out of the 100 people surveyed, 30% of respondents had signs of probable distress. Of this quota, 4% showed symptoms of PTSD. The study considers how an organisation can recognise and manage PTSD and provides recommendations to assist in better recognising and managing the associated risks. Conclusion: Based upon the findings, the authors conclude that the level of PTSD within LFRS is slightly lower than those found in other studies undertaken within the Fire and Rescue Service sector. The paper provides recommendations for future studies and a series of actions for consideration by LFRS senior management to improve PTSD support services for employees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.381-381
• /
• 2010

$(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ thin films as gate dielectrics have been proposed to overcome the problems of tunneling current and degradation mobility inachieving a thin equivalent oxide thickness. An extremely thin $SiO_2$ layer is used in order to separate the carrier in MOSFET channel from the dielectric field fluctuation caused by phonons in the dielectric which decreases the carrier mobility. The electronic and optical properties influenced the device performance to a great extent. $(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ dielectric films on p-Si (100) were grown by atomic layer deposition method, for which the conduction band offsets, valence band offsets and band gapswere obtained by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. The band gap, valence and conduction band offset values for $(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ dielectric thin film, grown on Si substrate were about 5.34, 2.35 and 1.87 eV respectively. This band alignment was similar to that of $ZrO_2$. In addition, The dielectric function (k, $\omega$), index of refraction n and the extinction coefficient k for the $(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ thin films were obtained from a quantitative analysis of REELS data by comparison to detailed dielectric response model calculations using the QUEELS-$\varepsilon$(k, $\omega$)-REELS software package. These optical properties are similar with $ZrO_2$ dielectric thin films.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2014

In this paper secondary optics for an LED lamp with a narrow beam angle of $15^{\circ}$ were optimized by using a two-reflector system, to reduce both its size and the occurrence of satellite rings. The conic constant and the curvature of the primary reflector were determined by considering the relation of the source size to the beam angle, and the optimal position and radius of the secondary reflector were found for reducing the occurrence of satellite rings. Luminous flux efficiency was about 80%.