• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling ability of somatic embryogenesis were identified in soybean. A frame map with 204-point markers was developed using an RI population consisting of 117 $F_{11}$ lines derived from a cross between cultivar 'Keburi' and a weedy soybean 'Masshokutou Kou 502'. The parents differed greatly in their abilities of somatic embryogenesis using immature cotyledons as explants. The ability of somatic embryogenesis was evaluated in five different experiments: the $F_{11}$ (evaluated in 1998) and $F_{15}$ (2002) generations cultured on basal media supplemented with $40\;mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D (2,4-D1998 and 2,4-D2002), $F_{14}$ (2001) generation on medium with $40\;mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D and high sucrose concentration [2,4-D2001 ($30\;g\;l^{-1}$ sucrose)], and the $F_{11}$ (1998) and $F_{12}$ (1999) generations on medium with $10\;mg\;l^{-1}$ NAA (NAA1998 and NAA1999). The RILs showed wide and continuous variations in each of the five experiments. In the composite interval mapping analysis, 2 QTLs were found in group 8 (D1b + W, LOD = 5.42, $r^2$ = 37.5) in the experiment of 2,4-D1998 and in group 6 (C2, LOD = 6.03, $r^2$ = 26.0) in the experiment of 2,4-D2001 (high concentration sucrose). In both QTLs, alleles of 'Masshokutou Kou 502' with high ability of somatic embryogenesis contributed to the QTLs. For the other three experiments, no QTL was detected in the criteria of LOD >3.0, suggesting the presence of minor genes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.340-345
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• 1995

A nebumetone tablet in development $(Navuton^R)$ was tested for its bioequivalence to the erference tablet $(Uniton^R)$. Seventeen healthy Korean male subjects participated in this study. Each subject received a 1-g dose of nabumetone (2tables each) in an unbalanced, randomized, two-way crossover investigation. Serum concentrations of 6-methoxy-2-na-phthylacetic acid (6-MNA), a major metabolite of nebumetone, were measured over 120 hr interval by a high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum serum concentration $(C_{max})$ and time to reach the maximum concentration$(T_{max})$ were read directly, but area under the serum concentration time curve from time 0 to 120 hr (AUC) and mean residence time serum curves showed multiple peaks of 6-MNA in most subjects, and the $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were read from the highest serum peaks. calculated bioavailability parameters for test and reference tablets were 148.6 : 1377.9 $\mug \cdot hr/ml$ for AUC; 25.2:23.1 $\mu/ml$ for $C_{max}$; 11.8:16.4 hr for $T_{max}$, and 42.6 : 43.8 hr for MRT, respectively. The paired t-test revealed no significant differences in all the parameters between the two tablets. Analysis ofl variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences between groups and formulations in all the parameters ($C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, AUC and MRT) indicating the crossover design of the experiment was properly performed. But significant differences (p<0.05) between subject/groups and periods were found for all the parameters indicating substantial intersubject and interperiodic variations for these parameters.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1300-1309
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• 2021

Objective: To assess the feasibility and reproducibility of pancreatic surface lobularity (PSL) quantification derived from abdominal computed tomography (CT) in a population of patients free from pancreatic disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 265 patients free from pancreatic disease who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal CT between 2017 and 2019. A maximum of 11 individual PSL measurements were performed by two abdominal radiologists (head [5 measurements], body, and tail [3 measurements each]) using dedicated software. The influence of age, body mass index (BMI), and sex on PSL was assessed using the Pearson correlation and repeated measurements. Inter-reader agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman (BA) plots. Results: CT images of 15 (6%) patients could not be analyzed. A total of 2750 measurements were performed in the remaining 250 patients (143 male [57%], mean age 45 years [range, 18-91]), and 2237 (81%) values were obtained in the head 951/1250 (76%), body 609/750 (81%), and tail 677/750 (90%). The mean ± standard deviation PSL was 6.53 ± 1.37. The mean PSL was significantly higher in male than in female (6.89 ± 1.30 vs. 6.06 ± 1.31, respectively, p < 0.001). PSL gradually increased with age (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Inter-reader agreement was excellent (ICC 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.72-0.85], with a BA bias of 0.30 and 95% limits of agreement of -1.29 and 1.89). Conclusion: CT-based PSL quantification is feasible with a high success rate and inter-reader agreement in subjects free from pancreatic disease. Significant variations were observed according to sex, age, and BMI. This study provides a reference for future studies.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.209-215
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• 2007

This study presents the air side heat transfer and friction characteristics of fin-tube heat exchangers. Variations of heat transfer performance in each row are investigated in the present work. Experiments were performed for the Louver fin-tube heat exchangers using air-enthalpy type calorimeter, which is based on air-enthalpy method described in ASHRAE standards. The air velocity was varied from 0.7 to 2.5 m/s with 0.3 m/s interval. The results are plotted in terms of Colburn j-factor and friction factor of with respect to Reynolds number in the range of 200 to 1100.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2001

High-bandwidth DRAM을 위해 1Gb/s의 데이터 전송률까지 동작하고 그 출력 전압 스윙이 온도와 전원 전압(VDD) 변동에 무관한 CMOS open-drain 출력 구조 회로를 설계하였다. 출력 구동 회로는 여섯 개의 binary-weighted NMOS 트랜지스터로 구성되는데, 이 여섯 개 중에서 ON시킬 current control register의 내용은 추가 호로 없이 DRAM 칩에 존재하는 auto refresh 신호를 이용하여 새롭게 수정하였다. Auto refresh 시간 구간동안 current control register를 수정하는데, 이 시간 구간동안 부궤환 (negative feedback) 동작에 의해 low level 출력 전압($V_OL$)이 저전압 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기(bandgap reference voltage generator)에 의해서 만들어진 기준전압($V_{OL.ref}$)과도 같도록 유지된다. 테스트 칩은 1Gb/s의 데이터 전송률까지 성공적으로 동작하였다. 온도 $20^{\circ}C$~$90^{\circ}C$, 전원 전압 2.25V~2.75V영역에서 최악의 경우 제안된 출력 구동 회로의 $V_{OL.ref}$와 $V_OL$의 변동은 각각 2.5%와 725%로 측정된 반면, 기존의 출력 구동 회로의 $V_OL$의 변동은 같은 온도의 전원 접압의 영역에 대해 24%로 측정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

Requirements to control the large decrease in serum calcium (Ca) due to parturition and to increase the feed intake soon after parturition have been well accepted in dairy cows. This study was aimed to investigate the feed intake affected by serum Ca concentration with difructose anhydride (DFA) III supplement in dairy cows soon after parturition. Fourteen transition Holstein cows were divided into DFA and control (CONT) groups within 1 to 5 parity variations in each group. Measurement schedule for an individual cow was from 14 d before parturition to 7 d following parturition. The cows in DFA group were supplied 0.2 kg/head/d of DFA III feed containing 40 g of pure DFA III while the cows in CONT group received no DFA III. Other feeding procedures were the same for all cows in both groups. At parturition (d 0), serum Ca concentration sharply declined in both groups (p<0.05). Time interval for recovery from decreased serum Ca to its normal range (>9.0 mg/dL) tended to be faster in DFA group (12 h) than in the CONT group (48 h), but the differences were not significant. Active ruminal contraction was observed in DFA group at following parturition of d 1 (p<0.05), d 3 (p<0.05), and d 5 (p<0.01). Dry matter (DM) intake did not differ between the groups. However, positive correlations were observed between serum Ca concentration and ruminal contraction (p<0.001), and between ruminal contraction and DM intake (p<0.001) during following parturition. According to multiple regression analysis ($R^2$ = 0.824, p<0.001), the DM intake was positively affected by serum Ca concentration and ruminal contraction. These results suggest that feed intake soon after parturition in dairy cows can be increased by improvement of serum Ca concentration and active ruminal contraction, but DFA III supplementation in this study did not improve the lower serum Ca concentration due to parturition.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. Conclusions: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

본 연구의 목표는 음주운전 증거확보용 음주측정에서 혈액과 호흡의 알코올비율의 분산성을 평가하며 호흡 중 알코올 양의 확인 절차를 합리화하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 각각 남자 24명, 여자 24명 등 48명의 건강한 피험자를 대상으로 성(2), 주류(2;소주, 위스키), 음식물 유형(2;김치지게, 삼겹살), 알코올 섭취량(2; 몸무게 기준 0.35g/kg, 0.70g/kg) 등의 요인에 대해 직교표에 의한 24 요인 설계를 적용한 실험을 실시하였다. 술은 3회에 걸쳐 나누어 마시게 했으며 0.70g/kg 집단은 45분, 0.35g/kg 집단은 30분에 걸쳐 마시게 했다. 호흡측정과 혈액측정은 음주 종료 후 각기 8회와 5회 실시하였다. 그 결과 혈중알코올과 호흡알코올 측정치 간에는 r = 0.973의 높은 상관이 나타났다. 4원 변량분석 결과, 음식물 유형에 있어서 최대 BrAC의 차이(F (1, 43) =5.1, p<.029)가 드러났지만 술의 종류와 성별에 있어서는 차이가 없었다. 전체적인 혈액호흡비(BBR)는 2295${\pm}$403이었고, 95% 신뢰구간은 1489와 3101이었다. 이런 변산에도 불구하고, 호흡측정기에 2100;1의 분배비율을 적용하는 것은 합리적인 것으로 보인다. 그것은 본 연구에서 나타난 바와 같이 적어도 음주 후 30분이 지나면 대부분의 피험자가 2100:1 이상의 비율을 보이기 때문이다.

• 한국도시철도학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2018

도시철도에서 지하 터널의 미세먼지는 여러 가지 요인에 의하여 발생하고 있다. 도시철도 미세먼지 발생량을 예측하기 위하여 여러 가지 발생요인 중 레일 마모량 분석에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. S호선 구간(약 45km)에서 1년 6개월 간 레일마모측정장치에서 측정된 레일 마모 데이터를 곡선반경(R)의 변화에 따라 약 170개 구간으로 구분하였으며, 레일 마모 측정값 중에서 직마모량(C0)와 편마모(V0)량을 이용하여 곡선반경에 따른 레일 마모량 관계를 분석하고, 직선구간과 곡선구간에서 각각 구간평균 편 직마모량과 노선평균 편 직마모량을 산출하였다. 레일 마모량과 레일 단면적의 상관관계를 분석하여 단면적에 대한 근사식을 구하고, 레일 C0와 V0의 변화량을 이용하여 레일 마모에 의한 미세먼지 발생량을 산정하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1014-1024
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• 2010

고추 탄저병은 국내외에서 고추 생산에 있어 많은 피해를 주는 병중의 하나로서, $Colletotrichum$ spp.에 의해 발생하며 현재 가장 많은 빈도를 나타내는 종은 $C.$ $acutatum$으로 보고되고 있다. 살균제에 대한 내성이 있는 것으로 보고되어 저항성 품종의 육성이 요구되어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 $Capsicum$ $baccatum$ 종내 교잡을 통해 고추 탄저병 저항성 육종을 위한 MAS(marker assisted selection) 체계를 개발하는 기초연구로서 저항성과 관련한 QTL분석을 수행하였다. 저항성 검정결과 고추 탄저병저항성은 85%의 높은 광의의 유전력을 보였다. 양적형질 유전자좌 분석 결과 신뢰수준 이상의 LOD 수준을 보인 2개의 QTL($An8.1$, $An9.1$)이 탐색되었고, $R^2$가 2.04%와 14.36%이었다. 유전적인 효과는 $An8.1$은 상가적 효과가 0.46으로, $An9.1$은 상가적 효과가 -4.52로 나타났다. $An8.1$과 $An9.1$은 상처접종에 의해 나타나는 저항성 반응과 관련이 있는 것으로 생각되었다. 포장검정(08NR)과 관련한 QTL들은 신뢰수준이상의 LOD수준을 보이는 QTL은 탐색할 수 없었으나, $R^2$가 19.9%인 $An3.1$와 30.8%인 $An3.1$을 포함한 5개 QTL의 전체 $R^2$가 60.73%로 나타나 고추 탄저병저항성 유전과 관련한 인자가 다수 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이들 QTL은 더욱 정밀한 집단과 종간교잡 후대에서 적용성을 검정하여 고추 탄저병저항성 품종육성을 위한 MAS체계를 확립할 것이다.