• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2010

Gummy stem blight is a major foliar disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). In this study, morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were analyzed to identify the causal organism of this disease. Morphological examination of the Jeonbuk isolate revealed that the percentage of monoseptal conidia ranged from 0% to 10%, and the average length $\times$ width of the conidia was 70 ($\pm$ 0.96) $\times$ 32.0 ($\pm$ 0.15) ${\mu}m$ on potato dextrose agar. The BLAST analysis showed nucleotide gaps of 1/494, 2/492, and 1/478 with identities of 485/492 (98%), 492/494 (99%), 491/494 (99%), and 476/478 (99%). The similarity in sequence identity between the rDNA ITS region of the Jeonbuk isolate and other Didymella bryoniae from BLAST searches of GenBank was 100% and was 95.0% within the group. Nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS region from pure culture ranged from 98.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis with related species of D. bryoniae revealed that D. bryoniae is a monophyletic group distinguishable from other Didymella spp., including Ascochyta pinodes, Mycosphaerella pinodes, M. zeae-maydis, D. pinodes, D. applanata, D. exigua, D. rabiei, D. lentis, D. fabae, and D. vitalbina. Phylogenetic analysis, based on rDNA ITS sequence, clearly distinguished D. bryoniae and Didymella spp. from the 10 other species studied. This study identified the Jeonbuk isolate to be D. bryoniae.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the odor reduction efficiency of a biofilter desist using different filter materials. The summary of results are as follows; 1. The airflow penetration rate of the different filter materials namely; rice straw, woodchips, rice hulls and sawdust were 0.72 m/s, 0.64 m/s, 0.48 m/s and 0.17 m/s, respectively. 2. The elimination of $NH_3$ gas was fastest in the rice hull at a rate of 4 mg/${\iota}$ followed by sawdust, woodchips and rice straw at 3 mg/${\iota}$, 3 mg/${\iota}$ and 7 mg/${\iota}$, respectively. 3. The filter material made of wood chips was able to eliminate the offensive gas known as $H_2S$ at a rate of 2.2 mg/${\iota}$ on the 7th day, 17.6 mg/${\iota}$ on the 21st day but decreased to 10.7 mg/${\iota}$ on the 36th day. In contrast, the filter material composed of sawdust had a continuous increase in the reduction of $H_2S$ at a rate of 12.3 mg/${\iota}$ on the 7th day, 18.3 mg/${\iota}$ on the 21st day and 20.1 mg/${\iota}$ on the 36th day. The above findings indicated that among the filter materials, sawdust was the most effective in absorbing $H_2S$. Airflow penetration rate can be related to $H_2S$ odor elimination efficiency as shown by the slowest airflow rate of sawdust which is only 0.17 m/s.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

Present experiment was carried out to determine maintenance energy requirements for growing Hanwoo steers. Six Hanwoo steers (BW = $180.6{\pm}3.1$ kg) were used in two 3 ${\times}$ 3 latin square design with three different energy intake levels; TDN 1.70 kg (Low), 2.05 kg (Medium), 2.80 kg (High), respectively, based on the Korean Feeding Standards. Each period lasted 18 days including a 14-day adaptation and a 4-day measuring period. The steers were in the head hood chamber system (one cattle per chamber) during each measuring time to measure heat and methane production for 1 day. Dry matter intake was 2,058, 3,256 and 3,881 g/day for Low, Medium and High TDN, respectively. Increase in energy intake did not affect digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, NDF, ADF and nitrogen-free extract. Gross energy intake averaged 180.21, 292.74 and 337.15 kcal/$BW^{0.75}$ for Low, Medium and High TDN, respectively. Energy loss was 28.7% in feces and 2.1% in urine of gross energy intake. Further, energy loss from methane produced during rumen fermentation was 6~8.3%, while body heat loss averaged 34~60%. Intercept of regression equation between ME intake and retained energy indicated that the energy requirement was 109.84 kcal ME/$BW^{0.75}$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Eleven steroid hormones (SHs: androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, ${\beta}$-estradiol, ${\alpha}$-estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, $17{\acute{a}}$-hydroxyprogesterone, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate, progesterone, and androsterone) were detected from New Zealand deer (Cervus elaphus var. scoticus) velvet antler (NZA, 鹿茸 ). A method for the quantification of eleven SHs was established by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS. The linearities ($R^2$ > 0.991), limits of quantification (LOQ values, 0.3 ng/mL to 23.1 ng/mL), intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation: RSD < 2.43%), and recovery rates (97.3% to 104.6%) for all eleven SHs were determined. In addition, a method for the quantification of three 7-oxycholesterols (7-O-CSs: 7-ketocholesterol, $7{\alpha}$-hydroxycholesterol, and $7{\beta}$-hydroxycholesterol) in the NZA was established by using an HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) method. The linearities ($R^2$ > 0.999), LOQ values (30 ng/mL to 350 ng/mL), intraday and interday precisions (RSD < 1.93%), and recovery rates (97.2% to 103.5%) for the three 7-O-CSs were determined. These quantitative methods are accurate, precise, and reproducible. As a result, it is suggested that the five steroid compounds of androstene-3,17-dione, androsterone, 7-ketocholesterol, $7{\alpha}$-hydroxycholesterol, and $7{\beta}$-hydroxycholesterol could be marker steroids of NZA. These methods can be applied to quantify or standardize the marker steroids present in NZA.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Objectives : Agastachis herba is a aerial part of Agastache rugosa (Fischer et Meyer) O. Kuntze which has been used as traditional medicines. Methods : The samples were collected using a domestic cultivation of Agastachis Herba. We experiment on essential oil content, the content of ethanol soluble extracts and HPLC profiling. Results : Loss on drying of Agastachis Herba contents of harvest in June ~ July was 4.93~8.26% and contents of harvest in August ~ September was 3.88~5.38%. Ash of Agastachis Herba contents of harvest in June ~ July was 5.07~7.97% and contents of harvest in August ~ September was 4.55~7.61%. Acid-insoluble ash of Agastachis Herba contents of harvest in June ~ July was 0.43~1.62% and contents of harvest in August ~ September was 0.46~1.44%. Essential oil contents of Agastachis Herba contents of harvest in June ~ July was $0.2{\sim}0.4m{\ell}$ and contents of harvest in August ~ September was $0.2{\sim}0.6m{\ell}$. Ethanol soluble extracts of Agastachis Herba contents of harvest in June ~ July was 9.72~20.44% and contents of harvest in August ~ September was 11.00~18.70%. HPLC profiling was detected of tilianin(12.93 min), acacetin(15.84 min) and agastachoside(17.95 min). Conclusion : Agastachis Herba should be harvested from August ~ September, the time of flowering. This is because of the high content of active compounds.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.97-100
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• 1997

These days, the raw materials that have the cell recovering effect are used commonly in cosmetics. In this study, six materials were rested for the characteristics of recovering effect both on vivo and in vitro. Tested raw materials were Soypol, 3-APPA, Apple extract, Polygonatum japonicum extract, Scutellarkd baicalensis extract, Aloe extract. Among these materials, Soypol and 3-APPA were synthesized and others were made by extraction at the Pacific R&D Center. Human forearm skin and cultured skin cell were damaged by sodium lauryl sulfare and then raw materials were applied for open treatment on SLS damaged human skin or cells. The recovering effects of raw materials in vivo were evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and erythema and in vitro effects of proliferationg cells were assessed by neutral red uptake assay. In the in vivo study, only the evaluation by TEWL showed correlation with the visual score. Our of six materials, 3-APPA had the most positive effect in both in vivo and in vitro studies and the correlation was r=0.8286 (p=0.042).

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.286-294
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• 1996

In a remarkable paper 〔3〕, Hammons et al. showed that, when properly defined, the binary nonlinear Preparata code can be considered as the Gray map of a linear code eve. Z$_4$, the so-called Preparata code eve. Z$_4$. Recently, Yang and Helleseth 〔12〕 considered the generalized Hamming weights d$\_$r/(m) for Preparata codes of length 2$\^$m/ over Z$_4$ and exactly determined d$\_$r/, for r = 0.5,1.0,1.5,2,2.5 and 3.0. In particular, they completely determined d$\_$r/(m) for any r in the case of m $\leq$ 6. In this paper we show that the Preparata code of length 16 over Z$_4$ does not satisfy the chain condition.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.334-339
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to evaluate biologically active components of the rhizomes of Sparganium stoloniferum and to supply the preliminary data for the chemotaxonomy and the medicinal application. Extraction and systematic fractionation of the rhizomes by column chromatography led to the isolation of six compounds from ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions. Elucidation of the chemical structures of these compounds by physicochemical and apectral analysis demonstrated that compound I,II ,III,IV,V and Ⅵ were $\beta$-sitosterol, $\beta$-sitosterol-3-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranoside, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, sorbose, 1-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8Z)-2-[(2(R)-hydroxyeicosanoyl)amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, and $\beta$-sitosterol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1280-1285
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• 2006

The presoaking conditions of soybeans in various solution for decreasing microbial contamination and improving germination were investigated. Soybeans were treated with presoaking solutions (sterilized water, 0.1% grape fruit extract, 0.1% vitamin $B_1$ derivate solution AS5 and vitagen) at $25^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ for $3\sim12$ hr and germinate at $25^{\circ}C$, 95%RH for 3 days. Total bacterial count and coliform count of soybeans were $6.0\times10^5CFU/g$ and $3.0\times10^5CFU/g$, respectively, and the most of presoaking treatments decreased the microbial contamination. The increase of presoaking time induces low germination ratio compared with unsoaked soybeans and the germination of soybeans was not detected at $55^{\circ}C$. The germination of soybeans was effected by presoaking solutions, temperature, and time. The optimal presoaking condition for decreasing microbial contamination and promoting initial germination was using grape fruit extract at $35^{\circ}C$ for 6 hr.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2004

Influence of Ca addition on microstructure and room temperature mechanical properties has been studied for AZ31(Mg-3%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn)-(0~0.5)%Ca wrought alloys, based on experimental results from metallography, X-ray diffractometry and mechanical tests. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the alloys increased remarkably with increasing Ca content, whereas elongation was deteriorated continuously. Microstructural examination revealed that Ca addition efficiently refined grains of ${\alpha}$(Mg) phase and that some of the Ca dissolved in ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ precipitates. The former and the latter facts are thought to be responsible for improved strength and loss of ductility of the AZ31+Ca wrought alloys, respectively.