• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.426-432
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• 2013

The construction industry consists of various and massive architectural information as an architectural process includes a variety of design stages with cooperation of many disciplines. Particularly, architectural information is generated and managed through the life cycle of a building, from conceptual design stage to the construction and maintenance. A Building Information Model (BIM) serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward. BIM technology accomplished quantitative development being utilized in various disciplines. However, it is necessary to develop environment and requirement for qualitative improvement of BIM based project. Particularly, requirement is very important for architectural design evaluations. The purpose of this study is to develop and apply of quality control requirement for improving the quality of architectural design in open BIM environments. To achieve this purpose, the authors have investigated case study for open BIM data quality control (software, guideline and application case) and classified quality control targets according to physical/logical quality and data quality. In addition, the authors have defined open BIM based quality control process and developed quality control requirements. Finally, the authors have developed rule based quality check system using requirements for efficient quality control based on open BIM.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2024

The tracking radar system is a pulsed tracking system that searches, detects, and tracks targets in real time for ships operating in the ocean. Ships defend themselves through soft kill operations to confuse or deceive the tracking radar. Soft Kill operations include passive chaff and active noise jamming. This paper understands the basic concepts of electronic warfare and explains various deception systems in operation on ships. In addition, each deception The radar system design to respond to the system is explained.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2024

The small tracking radar randomly changes the transmission period to avoid deceptive signals such as RGPO (Range Gaet Pull Off) operated on the target. Since the code repeats after a specific section, it becomes difficult to avoid a deceptive signal when the repetition is exposed. In this paper, a more realistic transmission pulse code is generated by adding random code generation through FPGA and system white noise. We present the research results of code generation that generates PRF that can avoid repetition while using pseudo-random code in EPROM using FPGA. Also, the result of designing random PRF pulse was confirmed by applying it to tracking radar.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.289-293
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• 2005

Nowadays there are many sun protection cosmetics including organic or inorganic UV filter as an active ingredient. Chemically stable inorganic sunsEreen agents, usually metal oxides, we widely employed in high SPF products. Titanium dioxide is one of the most frequently used inorganic UV filters. It has been used as pigments for a long period of cosmetic history. With the development of micronization techniques, it becomes possible to incorporate titanium dioxide in sunscreen formulations without whitening effect and it becomes an important research topic. However, there are very few works related to quantitations of titanium dioxide in sunscreen products. In this research, we analyzed amounts of titanium dioxide in sunscreen cosmetics by adapting redof titration, reduction of Ti(IV) to Ti(III) and reoxidation to Ti(IV). After calcification of other organic ingredients of cosmetics, titanium dioxide is dissolved by hot sulfuric acid. The dissolved Ti(IV) is reduced to the Ti(III) by adding aluminum metals. The reduced Ti(III) is titrated against a standard oxidizing agent, Fe(III) (ammonium iron(III) sulfate), with potassium thiocyanate as an indicator In order to test accuracy and applicability of the proposed method, we analyzed the amounts of titanium dioxide in four types of sunscreen cosmetics, such as cream, make-up base, foundation and powder, after adding known amounts of titanium dioxide $(1{\sim}25w/w%)$. The percent recoveries of the titanium dioxide in four types of formulations were in the range between 96 and 105%. We also analyzed 7 commercial cosmetic products labeled titanium dioxide as an ingredient and compared the results with those of obtained from ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry), one of the most powerful atomic analysis techniques. The results showed that the titrated amounts were well coincided with the analyzed amounts of titanium dioxide by ICP-AES. Although instrumental analytical methods, ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) and ICP-AES, are the best for the analysis of titanium, it is hard to adopt because of their high prices for small cosmetic companies. It was found that the volumetric method presented here gat e quantitative and reliable results with routine lab-wares and chemicals.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2001

Far-ultraviolet IMaging Spectrograph (FIMS) is the main payload of the first Korean scientific satellite, KAISTSAT-4, which will be launched in 2002. Among the optical parts, parabolic cylinder mirror does not have any heritage from previous astronomical missions, so the manufacturing and testing process itself is a challenging issue. We describe the method of manufacturing and measuring of the off-axis parabolic cylinder mirror and our initial experiments to establish the entire manufacturing process. Using the method, the profile error can meet the specification of $lambda$ per cm which is closely related with the astronomical performances. In case of the surface roughness, temperature controlled pitch polishing reduces $R_{q}$ under 1 nm implying that scattering in the entire spectral range of FIMS is less than 2% of the incident UV light.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

This study developed composition-plastic media with woodchips and plastic as main materials, and examined the performance of media. Compared to the existing commercial media, the media had similar performance in removal efficiency and microbes attaching characteristic, and was evaluated that they are distinguished from economic side. Performance test of media was conducted to examine the removal capacity of toluene and hydrogen sulfide in a gas stream by using a lab-scale biotrickling filter systems packed with them. At a volumetric loading of $1.5\;m^3/hr$ with inlet concentration 260 ppm and empty bed residence time (EBRT) 42s, the toluene removal efficiency was shown over 90%, and the maximum elimination capacity of toluene in the biotrickling filter was $77g/m^3{\cdot}hr$. Effective co-treatments of $H_2S$ and Toluene were observed in the lab-scale biotrickling filters. The maximum elimination capacity of $H_2S$ was $100\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}hr$. Up to 100 ppm, the concentration of $H_2S$ did not have an effect on toluene removal efficiency, but the removal efficiency of toluene decreased with increasing inlet $H_2S$ concentration.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

Delayed luminescence from human hands after illumination by light at different wavelength bands was studied. A delayed luminescence measurement system equipped with photomultiplier tube (PMT), fiber optics and automatic mechanical shutter system was developed. Three spectrum band-pass filters, fer which transmissions are on 350${\~}$450 nm, 450${\~}$550 nm and 550${\~}$650 nm, were used to select irradiation wavelength, and 150W metal-halide lamp was used as an illumination source. Six volunteers put their palms (dorsa) onto the measurement system, and after light illumination, delayed luminescence were measured for 10 minutes. The results show that delayed luminescence after shorter wavelength illumination was higher than that a(ter longer wavelength one. These results indicate the existence of accepters in human skin which can be excited at short wavelengths. Furthermore, each subjects showed different delayed luminescence curve patterns. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to have important roles on delayed luminescence, and this research suggests that ROS concentration can be measured noninvasively with optical methods.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

The VOC (volatile organic compound) analyzer is devised to measure the four main aromatic hydrocarbon gases: toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styfene. It is not affected by ambient temperature and humidity. In addition, standby and measuring time of VOC Analyzer is a short as below 30 min and 8 min, respectively. Since the semiconductor gas sensor is supersensitive to gas components, it is not necessary to use a conventional gas concentrator or other complicated equipment. In this study, VOC emission behavior from 4 types paints (lacquer, urethane vanish, water-base paint, enamel paint) for wood-based panel was investigated using VOC Analyzer. After a specimen was spreaded on aluminum foil ($6.32{\times}6.32cm$) in $3{\ell}$ polyester bag, after 24 hours we could measure maximum VOC emission level that is a stabilized VOC value. Xylene of VOCs was high emitted from lacquer, urethane vanish and water-based paint, and TVOC (Toluene + Ethylbenzene + Xylene + Styrene) of lacquer was the highest emission concentration than another.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2015

The toxicity of red mud (RM) pellets for water purification was evaluated using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna in a lab-scale experiment. According to the algal growth inhibition test, both specific growth rates and relative growth rates of P. subcapitata decreased, and the growth inhibition rates increased ($R^2=0.97$, p<0.001) as the concentration of RM pellets in the aqueous solution increased (>1.6 g/L). Also, based on the acute toxicity evaluation test on D. magna, toxic unit (TU) values ranged between 0.00 and 2.83, and increased with an increase in the concentration of RM pellets in the aqueous solution. A correlation analysis indicated that the pH of RM pellets was statistically correlated with TU values ($R^2=0.77$, p=0.02). The environmental implication from this study is that the concentration of RM pellets in an aqueous solution needs to be lower than 4.4 g/L to keep the maximum permissible TU value less than 1.0.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of colored zirconia with different coloring liquids. Methods: Total 30 specimens were prepared. Specimens were classified into 6 groups: IPS e.max Ceram(P), Uncolored zirconia(C), VITA In-Ceram$^{(R)}$2000 YZ LL1(L), Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z), Wieland coloring liquid(W), and Kuwotech coloring liquid(K). Four different types of zirconia coloring liquid, VITA In-Ceram$^{(R)}$ 2000 YZ LL1(VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Zirkonzahn, Italy), Wieland coloring liquid(Wieland, Germany), Kuwotech coloring liquid(Kuwotech, Korea) were used to fabricate colored zirconia by using infiltrating method and then completely sintered. The color of the all specimens was measured using the spectrophotometer(CM-2600d, Konica Minolta, Japan) and expressed in terms of the 3-coordinated values(CIE $L^*a^*b^*$). Color differences were calculated using the equation $${\Delta}E^*=[({\Delta}L^*)^2+({\Delta}a^*)^2+({\Delta}b^*)^2]^{1/2}$$. Results: $L^*a^*b^*$ values of the colored zirconia were affected by the coloring liquids. The uncolored zirconia(C) group showed the highest $L^*$ value and zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z) group showed the lowest $L^*$ value. Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z) showed the highest $a^*$ value and VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ LL1(L) group showed the highest $b^*$ value. Generally, the color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) in all groups showed higher than 3.7 except between IPS e.max Ceram(P) and wieland coloring liquid(W) group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, various coloring liquids influenced the $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values of colored zirconia. IPS e.max Ceram(P) and wieland coloring liquid(W) group did not show clinically perceiving color difference.