• Title/Summary/Keyword: Quorum-sensing (QS)

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N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Switch from Acidogenesis to Solventogenesis during the Fermentation Process in Serratia marcescens MG1

  • Jin, Wensong;Lin, Hui;Gao, Huifang;Guo, Zewang;Li, Jiahuan;Xu, Quanming;Sun, Shujing;Hu, Kaihui;Lee, Jung-Kul;Zhang, Liaoyuan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.596-606
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    • 2019
  • N-acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing (AHL-QS) has been shown to regulate many physiological behaviors in Serratia marcescens MG1. In the current study, the effects of AHL-QS on the biosynthesis of acid and neutral products by S. marcescens MG1 and its isogenic ${\Delta}swrI$ with or without supplementing exogenous N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone ($C_6-HSL$) were systematically investigated. The results showed that swrI disruption resulted in rapid pH drops from 7.0 to 4.8, which could be restored to wild type by supplementing $C_6-HSL$. Furthermore, fermentation product analysis indicated that ${\Delta}swrI$ could lead to obvious accumulation for acidogenesis products such as lactic acid and succinic acid, especially excess acetic acid (2.27 g/l) produced at the early stage of fermentation, whereas solventogenesis products by ${\Delta}swrI$ appeared to noticeably decrease by an approximate 30% for acetoin during 32-48 h and by an approximate 20% for 2,3-butanediol during 24-40 h, when compared to those by wild type. Interestingly, the excess acetic acid produced could be removed in an AHL-QS-independent manner. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of genes responsible for acidogenesis and solventogenesis and showed consistent results with those of product synthesis. Finally, by close examination of promoter regions of the analyzed genes, four putative luxI box-like motifs were found upstream of genes encoding acetyl-CoA synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, ${\alpha}$-acetolactate decarboxylase, and Lys-like regulator. The information from this study provides a novel insight into the roles played by AHL-QS in switching from acidogenesis to solventogenesis in S. marcescens MG1.

Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 발효 용해물의 피부 미생물 조절 효과 (Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 Fermented Products as Potential Skin Microbial Modulation Cosmetic Ingredients)

  • 김한별;명길선;이현기;최은정;박태훈;안수선
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2020
  • 피부에는 여러 종의 미생물들이 군집을 이루며 서식하고 있고, 서로 상호작용을 하며 균형을 유지하고 있다. 하지만, 여드름, 건선 및 아토피 피부염과 같은 질병 상태에서는 피부 미생물의 균형이 깨져 건강한 피부와는 다른 미생물 군집 구성을 보인다. 피부 미생물 군집 구성의 조절은 이러한 피부 질환에 대한 잠재적인 치료 방법이 될 수 있다. Quorum sensing (QS)은 세포간 전달인자로, QS을 조절하면 유해균의 바이오필름 형성이나 효소 분비등을 억제할 수 있고, 이 역시 피부 미생물 군집 구성에 영향을 준다. 이번 연구에서는 아모레퍼시픽의 특허 성분인 유산균 발효 용해물(Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261, KCCM 11179P 이용)의 QS억제능력 및 피부 유익균과 피부 유해균의 생장에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 유산균 발효 용해물 10 ㎍/mL 처리시, QS에 의해 제어되는 Chromobacterium violaceum의 자주색 안료 생산을 대조군 대비 27.4% 감소시켰다. 또 피부 유익균인 Staphylococcus epidermidis의 생장을 대조군 대비 12% 증가 시켰고, 피부 유해균인 Pseudomonas aeruginosa의 생장을 38.5% 감소, 바이오필름 형성을 17.7% 감소시켰다. S. epidermidis를 같은 속(genus)에 포함되어 있는 대표적인 피부 유해균 Staphylococcus aureus와 함께 공배양 하였을 때 S. epidermidis의 생장은 대조군 대비 134% 증가시켰고, S. aureus의 생장은 13% 억제시켰다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하였을 때 L. plantarum APsulloc 331261을 이용한 발효 용해물은 피부 미생물의 균형을 조절해 줄 수 있는 화장품 원료로 유용하게 사용 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

합성된 쿼럼 신호 유사 물질에 의한 녹농균 쿼럼 센싱 및 생물막 형성의 제어 (Inhibition of Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation by Synthetic Quorum Signal Analogues in Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

  • 김수경;김철진;윤제용;이준희
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2011
  • 그람음성 간균인 녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)은 비뇨기, 각막, 호흡기, 화상부위 등에 광범위하게 감염하는 기회감염성 병원균으로, 병원성의 발현에 세균의 세포밀도 인식 기전인 쿼럼 센싱(quorum sensing)이 매우 중요하게 관여한다. 사전 연구에서 녹농균 감염력을 제어하기 위한 방법으로 쿼럼 센싱의 주 신호물질인 N-3-oxododecanoyl-HSL(3OC12-HSL)의 분자 구조가 변형된 물질들을 합성하여 쿼럼 센싱 억제물질로 사용하고자 하였으며, 그 중 두 개의 물질들(5b, 5f)이 대장균을 이용한 스크리닝을 통해 녹농균의 주요 쿼럼 센싱 수용체 단백질인 LasR의 활성을 억제할 수 있음을 확인하였었다. 본 연구에서는 이 물질들의 효과를 보다 면밀히 분석하기 위하여 실제 녹농균에서 이 물질들이 쿼럼 센싱과 병독성을 억제할 수 있는지 분석해 보았다. 대장균을 이용한 리포터 분석에서와는 달리, 5b와 5f 모두 녹농균에서 직접 처리하였을 때는 LasR의 활성에 영향을 주지 못하였다. 대신 이 물질들은 녹농균의 또다른 쿼럼 센싱 수용체 단백질인 QscR의 활성에 선택적으로 영향을 주었다. 흥미롭게도 이 물질들의 효과는 대장균에서 얻어진 결과와는 달랐으며 다소 복잡하였다. 두 물질 모두 낮은 농도 범위(<10 ${\mu}m$)에서 QscR의 활성을 증가시켰으며, 높은 농도의 5f(${\approx}$1 mM)는 QscR을 강하게 억제하였다. 두 물질 모두 중요한 병독인자인 프로테아제 활성에는 영향을 주지 않으면서도, 만성감염을 매개하는데 중요한 생물막의 형성은 의미있게 감소시켰다. 특히 5f는 생물막의 성숙단계 보다는 녹농균 세포의 초기 부착을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로, 5f의 경우 독성의 증가 없이 생물막 형성을 억제할 수 있는 물질로 응용이 가능하다고 제안한다.

Activation of Multiple Transcriptional Regulators by Growth Restriction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Yeom, Doo Hwan;Im, Su-Jin;Kim, Soo-Kyoung;Lee, Joon-Hee
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.480-486
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    • 2014
  • Growth restriction by antibiotics is a common feature that pathogenic bacteria must overcome for survival. The struggle of bacteria to escape from growth restriction eventually results in development of antibiotic-resistance through the expression of a set of genes. Here we found that some physiologically important transcriptional regulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa including QscR, a quorum sensing (QS) receptor, SoxR, a superoxide sensor-regulator, and AntR, a regulator of anthranilate-related secondary metabolism, are activated by various growth-restricted conditions. We generated the growth-restricted conditions by various methods, such as overexpression of PA2537 and treatment with antibiotics or disinfectants. The overexpression of PA2537, encoding an acyltransferase homologue, tightly restricted the growth of P. aeruginosa and significantly activated QscR during the growth restriction. Similarly, treatments with gentamycin, tetracycline, and ethanol also activated QscR near their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Some non-QS regulators, such as AntR and SoxR, were also activated near the MICs in the same conditions. However, LasR and PqsR, other QS receptors of P. aeruginosa, were not activated, suggesting that only a specific set of transcriptional regulators is activated by growth restriction. Since paraquat, a superoxide generator, significantly activated QscR and AntR, we suggest that the oxidative stress generated by growth restriction may be partly involved in this phenomenon.

녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)의 쿼럼 센싱 수용체인 QscR의 활성에 영향을 미치는 아미노산 잔기 분석 (Analysis of Amino Acid Residues Affecting the Activity of QscR, a Quorum Sensing Receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

  • 박수진;김수경;이준희
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.180-186
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    • 2012
  • 그람 음성균인 녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)은 다양한 환경에 존재하는 기회감염성 병원균으로, 병원성의 발현에 쿼럼센싱(QS) 기전이 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 녹농균의 여러 QS 신호물질 수용체들 중 하나인 QscR은 다른 QS 수용체들과는 구분되는 특별한 특성들을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 특성들 중 특히 넓은 신호물질 특이성을 QscR에 부여해 주는 아미노산 잔기가 무엇인지 알아보기 위해, QscR의 72번째 threonine, 132번째 arginine, 140번째 threonine 잔기가 각각 isoleucine, methionine, isoleucine 잔기로 치환된 돌연변이 QscR들($QscR_{T72I}$, $QscR_{R132M}$, $QscR_{T140I}$)을 제조하였다. 이들의 활성을 측정해 보았을 때 $QscR_{R132M}$은 N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL)에 대한 반응성이 사라졌고, $QscR_{T72I}$$QscR_{T140I}$는 민감성이 많이 감소하기는 하였으나 여전히 3OC12-HSL에 대한 반응성을 가지고 있었다. 이들 돌연변이 QscR들에 다양한 구조의 acyl-HSL을 처리해 보았을 때, $QscR_{T72I}$$QscR_{T140I}$는 야생형 QscR처럼 자기 자신의 신호물질인 3OC12-HSL 보다 N-decanoyl HSL (C10-HSL)이나 N-dodecanoyl HSL (C12-HSL)처럼 10개 혹은 12개의 탄소 사슬을 가지면서 3번째 탄소에 oxo-moiety가 없는 acyl-HSL에 대해 더 높은 반응성을 보였으며, $QscR_{R132M}$은 3OC12-HSL 뿐만 아니라 본 연구에서 사용된 어떤 acyl-HSL에도 반응성을 보이지 않았다. 또한 $QscR_{T72I}$$QscR_{T140I}$는 QscR 억제제인 5f에 의해 야생형 QscR과 비슷한 수준으로 활성이 억제되었다. 이러한 결과들은 130번째 arginine의 경우 QscR의 활성과 acyl-HSL들과의 결합에 중요한 역할을 하는 반면, 72번째와 140번째 threonine들의 경우 QscR의 활성에는 중요하지만, 다른 구조의 acyl-HSL들에 대한 선택적 결합이나, 경쟁적 억제자들의 결합 간섭에는 영향을 주지 않음을 시사하는 것이다.

Genes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 Regulated by Innate Quorum-Sensing Signal, 7,8-cis-N-(Tetradecenoyl) Homoserine Lactone

  • Hwang, Won;Lee, Ko-Eun;Lee, Jeong-Kug;Park, Byoung-Chul;Kim, Kun-Soo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.219-227
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    • 2008
  • The free-living photoheterotrophic Gram-negative bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides possesses a quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory system mediated by CerR-CerI, a member of the LuxR-LuxI family. To identify the genes affected by the regulatory system, random lacZ fusions were generated in the genome of R. sphaeroides strain 2.4.1 using a promoter-trapping vector, pSG2. About 20,000 clones were screened and 23 showed a significantly different level of ${\beta}$-gal activities upon the addition of synthetic 7,8-cis-N-tetradecenoyl-homoserine lactone (RAI). Among these 23 clones, the clone showing the highest level of induction was selected for further study, where about a ten-fold increase of ${\beta}$-gal activity was exhibited in the presence of RAI and induction was shown to be required for cerR. In this clone, the lacZ reporter was inserted in a putative gene that exhibited a low homology with catD. A genetic analysis showed that the expression of the catD homolog was initiated from a promoter of another gene present upstream of the catD. This upstream gene showed a strong homology with luxR and hence was named qsrR (quorum-sensing regulation regulator). A comparison of the total protein expression profiles for the wild-type cells and qsrR-null mutant cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and a MALDI-TOF analysis allowed the identification of sets of genes modulated by the luxR homolog.

Identification of a Second Type of AHL-Lactonase from Rhodococcus sp. BH4, belonging to the α/β Hydrolase Superfamily

  • Ryu, Du-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Won;Mikolaityte, Viktorija;Kim, Yea-Won;Jeong, Haeyoung;Lee, Sang Jun;Lee, Chung-Hak;Lee, Jung-Kee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.937-945
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    • 2020
  • N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) plays a major role in development of biofilms, which contribute to rise in infections and biofouling in water-related industries. Interference in QS, called quorum quenching (QQ), has recieved a lot of attention in recent years. Rhodococcus spp. are known to have prominent quorum quenching activity and in previous reports it was suggested that this genus possesses multiple QQ enzymes, but only one gene, qsdA, which encodes an AHL-lactonase belonging to phosphotriesterase family, has been identified. Therefore, we conducted a whole genome sequencing and analysis of Rhodococcus sp. BH4 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. The sequencing revealed another gene encoding a QQ enzyme (named jydB) that exhibited a high AHL degrading activity. This QQ enzyme had a 46% amino acid sequence similarity with the AHL-lactonase (AidH) of Ochrobactrum sp. T63. HPLC analysis and AHL restoration experiments by acidification revealed that the jydB gene encodes an AHL-lactonase which shares the known characteristics of the α/β hydrolase family. Purified recombinant JydB demonstrated a high hydrolytic activity against various AHLs. Kinetic analysis of JydB revealed a high catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) against C4-HSL and 3-oxo-C6 HSL, ranging from 1.88 x 106 to 1.45 x 106 M-1 s-1, with distinctly low KM values (0.16-0.24 mM). This study affirms that the AHL degrading activity and biofilm inhibition ability of Rhodococcus sp. BH4 may be due to the presence of multiple quorum quenching enzymes, including two types of AHL-lactonases, in addition to AHL-acylase and oxidoreductase, for which the genes have yet to be described.

Antibacterial Mode of Action of Cinnamomum verum Bark Essential Oil, Alone and in Combination with Piperacillin, Against a Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain

  • Yap, Polly Soo Xi;Krishnan, Thiba;Chan, Kok-Gan;Lim, Swee Hua Erin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권8호
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    • pp.1299-1306
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    • 2015
  • This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of the cinnamon bark essential oil (CB), when used singly and also in combination with piperacillin, for its antimicrobial and synergistic activity against beta-lactamase TEM-1 plasmid-conferred Escherichia coli J53 R1. Viable count of bacteria for this combination of essential oil and antibiotic showed a complete killing profile at 20 h and further confirmed its synergistic effect by reducing the bacteria cell numbers. Analysis on the stability of treated cultures for cell membrane permeability by CB when tested against sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the bacterial cell membrane was disrupted by the essential oil. Scanning electron microscopy observation and bacterial surface charge measurement also revealed that CB causes irreversible membrane damage and reduces the bacterial surface charge. In addition, bioluminescence expression of Escherichia coli [pSB1075] and E. coli [pSB401] by CB showed reduction, indicating the possibility of the presence of quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry of the essential oil of Cinnamomum verum showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde (72.81%), benzyl alcohol (12.5%), and eugenol (6.57%) were the major components in the essential oil. From this study, CB has the potential to reverse E. coli J53 R1 resistance to piperacillin through two pathways; modification in the permeability of the outer membrane or bacterial QS inhibition.

Arctigenin from Burdock Root Exhibits Potent Antibacterial and Anti-Virulence Properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Abdulrahman E. Koshak;Mahmoud A. Elfaky;Hossam M. Abdallah;Dina A. I. Albadawi;Gamal A. Mohamed;Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim;Abdulrahim A. Alzain;El-Sayed Khafagy;Azza A. H. Rajab;Wael A. H. Hegazy
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제34권8호
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    • pp.1642-1652
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    • 2024
  • Arctium lappa (Burdock) root is used in various culinary applications especially in Asian Cuisine. Arctigenin (ARC) is a polyphenolic compound abundant in the roots of the burdock plant from which it derives its name. The emergence of bacterial resistance is a growing global worry, specifically due to the declining availability of new antibiotics. Screening for the antibacterial candidates among the safe natural products is a promising approach. The present study was aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of ARC against Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploring its effect on the bacterial cell membrane. Furthermore, the anti-virulence activities and anti-quorum sensing (QS) activities of ARC were in vitro, in vivo and in silico assessed against P. aeruginosa. The current results showed the ARC antibacterial activity was owed to its disruption effect of the cell membrane. ARC at sub-MIC significantly decreased the formation of biofilm, motility, production of extracellular enzymes and in vivo protected mice against P. aeruginosa. These anti-virulence activities of ARC are owed to its interference with bacterial QS and its expression. Furthermore, ARC showed mild effect on mammalian erythrocytes, low probability to induce resistance and synergistically combined with antibiotics. In summary, the promising anti-virulence properties of ARC indicate its potential as an effective supplement to conventional antibiotics for treating severe P. aeruginosa infections.

해양 생물에서 분리된 Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2의 항균 활성 (Examination of Antimicrobial Activity by Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2 Isolated from a Marine Organism)

  • 김윤범;김동휘;허문수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제27권10호
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    • pp.1161-1167
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 양식업에 막대한 경제적인 손실을 야기시키는 세균성 어류질병인 Vibrio anguillarum을 예방하고 억제하기 위한 목적을 두고, 제주 연안에 서식하는 군소 알로부터 특징적인 균주를 분리 하였다. 이를 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석, 형태학적 특성을 통해 균을 동정하여 Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2로 명명하였다. Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2 균주는 Vibrio sp.에 대해 강한 항균 활성을 갖고 있으며, 항균물질의 생산특성을 배양조건에 따라 검토하였으며, 그 결과 진탕 배양의 경우 $20^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양 후, 정치 배양의 경우 96시간 배양 후 항균 활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 진탕 배양 및 정치 배양 모두 4시간 후부터 생육도는 낮았으나 항균 물질 생산을 시작하였다. 생육도가 거의 없는데도 불구하고 항균물질이 생산이 이루어졌는데, 이는 QS (Quorum Sensing)의 신호 물질인 AHLs과 관련이 있다고 사료되며, AHLs의 생성능은 항균 활성과 거의 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 이런 배양특성을 바탕으로 항균 활성을 검토한 결과 V. anguillarum외 다른 Vibrio sp.에 대해서도 항균활성을 나타내었다. 특히 Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio mimicus에 대해 높은 저해능을 나타내었다.