• 분석과학
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.414-422
• /
• 2010

의문문서의 감정영역에서는 잉크 구성성분의 조성 특성의 비교와 분류를 통하여 식별이 이루어진다. 잉크 분석은 TLC, HPLC/MS, GC/MS, LDI/MS를 이용한 조성분석으로 문서위 기재된 잉크의 조성과 변화에 근거하여 개별 특이성을 확인한다. 본 실험은 잉크 조성 특성 중 휘발성 성분을 확인하고자 5개국에서 생산된 검은색 볼펜잉크 56종을 수집하고 HS-SPME GC/MS를 이용하여 ethylbenzene $0.089\sim0.244\;{\mu}g$/mL, o-xylene $0.072\sim0.331\;{\mu}g$/mL, m,p-xylene $0.062\sim0.318\;{\mu}g$/mL, benzene $0.003\sim0.173\;{\mu}g$/mL, 1,1-dichloroethylene $0.003\sim0.295\;{\mu}g$/mL, toluene $0.007\sim0.484\;{\mu}g$/mL와 같은 휘발성 성분특성 자료를 확보하였으며 잉크시료 개체 특이성과 군집성을 바탕으로 식별자료로 활용할 수 있슴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.217-248
• /
• 2018

This paper reviews the Supreme Court of Japan in Decision of December 12, 2017, 2016 (Kyo) 43 (2011) concerning arbitrator's duty of disclosure and reasonable investigation under the Japan Arbitration Act (Arbitration Act). The Supreme Court of Japan recently issued a precedential decision interpreting, for the first time, the arbitrator disclosure requirements of the Arbitration Act. Under Article 18(4) of the Arbitration Act, arbitrators have an ongoing obligation to disclose circumstances which may give rise to justifiable doubts as to their impartiality or independence. The Supreme Court held that Article 18(4) of the Arbitration Act - requiring arbitrators to disclose all "facts likely to give rise to doubts as to his/her impartiality or independence" - (1) is not satisfied by blanket disclosures or advance waivers of potential future conflicts, and (2) requires disclosure of facts both known to an arbitrator or "that can be normally ascertained by an investigation that is reasonably possible${\cdots}$" This new standard presents opportunities and challenges for enforcing arbitration awards in Japan, and suggests measures that both arbitrators and parties can use to protect their awards. Also, the Supreme Court's new standards for evaluating arbitrator conflict disclosures suggest some measures that both arbitrators and parties to arbitration in Japan can take to protect the enforceability of their awards. The key factual question posed by the Supreme Court's ruling was whether an arbitrator's conflicts check was reasonable. Maintaining records regarding a review of potential conflicts or any investigation provides a ready source of proof in case of a future challenge. The Supreme Court has spoken clearly that so-called advance waivers of potential conflicts are not effective under Japanese law. Instead, to the extent that potential conflicts arise during the course of arbitration, they should be specifically disclosed.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 2007

This study executed to offer the basis for dental technology student who chanced better clinical training. This investigation conducted on 267 of seniors who have been taken clinical training to self written a questionnaire. We used and dealt a spss 12.0 program. Study results below 1. In a question about relationship, one answered "Harmonious" took largest proportion by 40.9% during training, and about the degree of satisfaction of campus life who answered :normal: were the most with 50.0% 2. In a question about clinical training place, most(50.0%) choose place less than 10 for clinical training, and more than 10 for clinical training with 29.7%. Residue statues was most of them resided own home with 78.6%. About their commuting time from home to training place, 50.0% was under 30min, 34.1% took time 30$\sim$60min. 3. In a question about clinical trainer, most (34.4%) choose as dental lab president, as each part manager with 34.1%, a senior with 7.6% and not exist to clinical trainer with 7.6%. 4. A perfect score about teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical practice of dental technology students was 5. The average of score about satisfaction of clinical practice was 3.25 and circumstance of clinical training got 3.50 as a highest score. the lowest score was 2.87 that is about satisfaction of clinical training period. The average of score of teaching efficiency was 3.25. 'a Role model' got 3.55 as the highest score and 'utility for student' got 3.12 as the lowest 3.12. 5. The result of T-test to see of the satisfaction according to the general character and clinic training condition between teaching efficiency is that the degree of satisfaction of clinical training showed statistical significance only in the degree of satisfaction of college life(p<0.05), teaching efficiency has a statistical significance with age and satisfaction of college life(p<0.05). 6. The relation between of teaching efficiency of clinical training and satisfaction of clinical training of dental technologic student has a statistical relation r=0.551 and a statistical meaning in significance leveler 0.01.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective dental education program and no smoking and no drinking program for high school students who do smoking and drinking, executed investigation by own recording way using smoking and questionnaire consisted of actual conditions and caries prevention awareness and dental health knowledge degree of drinking to some man high school. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence. Result of this study is as following. 1. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a drinking student and main current received most soju. Third-year student appeared by thing which receive a lot of soju than 1 or 2 class student but different other difference was not seen by class. 2. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a smoking student and a student who smoke more than 3 years was the most. I can know was old since third-year student smokes than 1 or 2 class student. 3. It was not difference that keep in mind by drinking, smoking availability although there were many students who recognize that all of the on-time dental medical examination, sugar intake limitation, fluorine inclusion toothpaste, teeth fluorine application are seldom effective on caries prevention. 4. Recognized that right brushing is effective relatively on caries prevention. I was shown difference that recognized that righter brushing is effective on bad tooth courtesy call than a student who a student who do not smoke does, and keeps in mind according to smoking availability ($x^2$=6.78, p<0.05). 5. I knew best about question of 'A caries may not treat if is painless' among that question ask knowledge for a caries, and appeared by thing which do not know best about question of 'Know that method that supply fluorine in water'. 6. A student who do not drink general dental know-how for a caries was high knowledge degree for a caries than a drunk student but it was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability. Also, a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high knowledge degree for a caries than a done student but difference that keep in mind statistically was not seen. 7. It was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability, but a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high relation knowledge degree with food and a caries than a smoked student, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). 8. Awareness and synthetic estimation degree of knowledge degree a student who do not smoke than a smoked student mouth knowledge degree high, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). When see as result such as singularity, family, school, all social institutions may have to help by national business coming and try so that can become national business based on special know-how for development of effective and epoch-making education program as quickly as possible.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제20호
• /
• pp.229-248
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 민간경비의 활성화 방향을 모색하고 궁극적으로 민간경비의 바람직한 서비스 개선에 기여하기 위하여 민간경비 산업의 경영환경(SWOT)분석을 통하여 현안을 진단하고 활성화전략을 제시하고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 국내 민간경비 산업의 경영환경 분석에 관한 문헌조사와 설문조사를 실시하였다. 즉, 관련분야 문헌 및 자료를 수집 정리 분석하였으며, 전문가 13인과 함께 설문을 실시하여 민간경비산업의 현황을 파악하였다. 설문조사는 반구조화된 질문을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 이러한 설문은 동일 연구 참여자의 의견을 분석하면서 3차례 반복적으로 실시되었다. 이들 설문자료를 분석한 결과와 문헌자료 및 기타 2차 자료를 다각적 검증을 통하여 SWOT 환경분석을 위한 기초자료로 활용하였다. 이에 따라 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민간경비 산업관련 법제를 체계적으로 보완한다. 이는 공경비와의 업무권한 및 관계를 개선하는 방향으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 국가공인 자격제를 명확히 하여 보안업체 시장내에서 소비자로부터 신뢰도를 향상시켜야 한다. 둘째, IT 기술의 적극 활용을 통한 시장의 다각화 전략 수립이다. IT 첨단기술을 기반으로한 보안서비스 상품의 지속적인 개발은 대형보안업체 및 중 소형 업체 모두에게 사업적 시장성과 이윤을 극대화 하는데 해결책을 제시할 수 있다. 셋째, 국내의 보안기술과 자본력을 바탕으로 아시아 및 개발도상국에 사회안전망 기반구축 사업을 수출하는 방안을 모색한다. 이로써 국내 시장경쟁을 완화하고, 국가경쟁력을 향상시키는데 일조하는 민간경비 산업의 면모를 갖춘다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.111-127
• /
• 2002

Purpose : This study investigated reliability of Oriental OB&GY questionnaires, valued the items and correlated relation of differentiation of syndromes of Oriental OB&GY questionnaires which is used by Dong-Eui OB&GY. Method : We analysised the result of 721 outpatients's questionnaires from March. 1. 1998 to March. 30. 2002 Results : 1. The reliability of Oriental OB&GY questionnaires above 95% is deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood, dry of blood, deficiency of Um, stagnation of Ki, insuficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart, above 90% under 95% is deficiency of Yang, heat of constitution, heat of disease, dampness, stagnated blood, above 85% under 90% is phlegm, spleen above 80% under 85% is cold syndrom. 2. The order of frequency diagnosed by Oriental OB&GY questionnaires is dampness(78.7%), heart(66.8%), stagnation of Ki(63.8%), deficiency of blood(53.5%), deficiency of Ki(53.1%), phlegm(53.7%), insuficiency of the kidneys(50.1%), dry of blood(45.1%), spleen(41.4%), liver(36.2%), stagnated blood(36.2%), deficiency of Yang(35.6%), cold syndrom(29.8%), deficiency of Um(24.1%), heat of disease(22.5%), heat of constitution(20.1%). 3. The average of item of differentiation of syndromes above 90 is dampness, above 80 under 90 is deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood, dry of blood, deficiency of Yang, cold syndrom, heat of constitution, stagnation of Ki, phlegm, stagnated blood, insuficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart, spleen, above 70 under 80 is deficiency of Um, heat of disease. 4. Deficiency of Ki is connected with question compounded of stagnation of Ki, deficiency of Yang is connected cold syndrom, cold syndrom is connected deficiency of Yang, stagnation of Ki is connected deficiency of Ki. 5. The differentiation of syndromes accompanied with others which is related to compounded question is deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood, cold syndrom, stagnation of Ki, dampness, phlegm, stagnated blood, insuficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart, spleen, which isn't related to compounded question is dry of blood, deficiency of Um, deficiency of Yang, heat of disease.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 2008

2005년 개정된 소방법에 의하면 11층 이상의 신축 아파트는 전(全)층에 스프링클러를 설치하게 되어 있으나, 2005년 이전의 소방법은 16층 이상의 아파트에 대해서 16층부터 최상층까지 스프링클러를 설치하여 화재 시에 작동하여 소화를 하게끔 되어 있다. 본 사례는 2005년 이전에 지어진 17층 아파트의 17층 한 가구에서 담배에 의한 실화로 추정되는 화재에 의해 피해자가 사망한 사건으로서 유족 측에서 화재 시에 스프링클러가 정상작동하지 않은 이유에 대해 의문을 제기한 사건이다. 현장조사를 통해 동 아파트 16층에서 화재감지기를 작동시키면 스프링클러가 정상작동 하였으나, 17층에서 화재감지기를 작동시키면 스프링클러가 작동하지 않음을 확인하였고, 동 17층에서 스프링클러가 작동하지 않은 원인이 스프링클러제어기의 프로그래밍 결함에 있다는 것을 밝혔다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2003

Background : The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar can result in considerable pain, swelling, and dysfunction that patient are incapable of work for several days. Factors contributing to post operative swelling, trismus and pain are complex. There is no question but that the procedure of surgically removing an impacted mandibular third molar is inherently a traumatic one and that some sequelae related to the inflammation response are expected. Meticulous surgical technique will minimize the sequelae of inflammation but will not prevent them. In an effort to minimize these sequelae the use of steroid was instituted. Patients and Methods : Present study was to investigate the effect of one preoperative steroid injection in the masseter muscle to the patients(male 9, female 11) who needed prophylactic removal of bilateral, symmetrical, impacted wisdom teeth in the mandible on the complaint like swelling, trismus and pain. through Double-Blind test. Results : 1. After 24 hours investigation, preoperative steroid injection had significantly reduced swelling with 39% and trismus with 57.5%. 2. $7^{th}$ post operative day investigation, reduced swelling and trismus had shown, however, not significant. 3. There wasn't major difference from the group who took preve-ntive steroid in the visual analogue scale, the first analgesic intake time and the pain period. 4. There wasn't any adverse reaction of steroid for 20 patient From the above result, If the patients are not contraindication to steroid and pronounced post operative reaction can be expected the use of steroid to the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is recommended.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.82-95
• /
• 2024

Analyzing the aftermath of events at domestic nuclear power plants brings in the question: "Why do workers not comply with the prescribed procedures?" The current investigation of nuclear power plant events identifies their reasons considering the factors affecting the workers' behaviors. However, there are some complications to it: in addition to confirming the action such as an error or a violation, there is a limit to identifying the intention of the actor. To overcome this limitation, the study analyzed and examined the reasons for non-compliance identified in nuclear power plant events by Reason's rule-related behavior classification. For behavior analysis, I selected unit behaviors for events that are related to human and organizational factors and occurred at domestic nuclear power plants since 2017, and then I applied the rule-related behavior classification introduced by Reason (2008). This allowed me to identify the intentions by classifying unit behaviors according to quality and compliance with the rules. I also identified the factors that influenced unit behaviors. The analysis showed that most often, non-compliance only pursued personal goals and was based on inadequate risk appraisal. On the other hand, the analysis identified cases where it was caused by such factors as poorly written procedures or human system interfaces. Therefore, the probability of non-compliance can be reduced if these factors are properly addressed. Unlike event investigation techniques that struggle to identify the reasons for employee behavior, this study provides a new interpretation of non-compliance in nuclear power plant events by examining workers' intentions based on the concept of rule-related behavior classification.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this research is to investigate the perception and attitude of Korean medical students toward career choice as a Korean medicine doctor. Method : The subject were 89 Korean medical students. Question investigation was applied. The questionnaire in this study contained 20 questions to investigate the perception toward career choice as a Korean medicine doctor. Results : Korean medical students showed higher interest in clinical practice, most of students(80.9%) answered they have planning for life's work as practicing Korean medicine doctor. First ranking as career they want is the pay doctor(36.2%), second is the intern(27.0%) as Korean medicine doctor within one year. The average age of students who answered that they hope to be intern is lower than who did not. Female students who hope to be intern preferred internal medicine, gynecology and pediatrics. But male students who hope to be intern preferred department of acupuncture & moxibustion, ophthalmology, otolaryngology & dermatology and rehabilitation. Conclusion : The result suggests that Korean medical students have an affirmative perception toward clinical doctor, but they are not interested in the other career.