• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2003년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

Major advances in positive-sense RNA virus research have been facilitated by the development of reverse genetics systems. These systems consist of an infectious cDNA clone that encompasses the genome of the virus in question. This clone is then used as a template for the subsequent synthesis of infectious RNA for the generation of synthetic viruses. However, the construction of infectious cDNA for the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has been repeatedly thwarted by the instability of its cDNA. As JEV is an important human pathogen that causes permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae and even fatal disease, a reliable reverse genetics system for this virus is highly desirable. The availability of this tool would greatly and the development of effective vaccines as well as facilitate studies into the basic biology of the virus, including the molecular mechanisms of viral replication, neurovirulence, and pathogenesis. We have successfully constructed a genetically stable infectious JEV cDNA containing full-length viral RNA genome. Synthetic RNA transcripts generated in vitro from the cDNA were highly infectious upon transfection into susceptible cells, and the cDNA remained stable after it had been propagated in E. coli for 180 generations. Using this infectious JEV cDNA, we have successfully expressed a variety of reporter genes from the full-length genomic and various subgenomic RNAs in vitro transcribed from functional JEV cDNAS. In summary, we have developed a reverse genetics system for JEV that will greatly facilitate the research on this virus in a variety of different fields. It will also be useful as a heterologous gene expression vector and aid the development of a vaccine against JEV.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2004

This paper asks the question: what choice of environmental policy instruments is efficient to reduce sulfur dioxide from stationary sources\ulcorner: In Korea, command and control has been a common way of controlling $SO_2-emissions.$ When compared to the non-incentive environmental policy instrument such as command and control, economic incentive environmental policy instrument has been the advantage of making polluter himself flexibly deals with in marginal abatement cost to develop environmental technology in the long view. Therefore, the application possibility of the incentive environmental policy instrument was studied in this research to realize the countermeasure for controlling of $SO_2-emissions.$ As a result, enforcement of the countermeasure such as flue gas desulfurizer by command and control would be suitable because power generation is performed by the public or for the public in source of air pollution and thus, economic principle is not applied to the polluter. In the source of industrial pollution, enforcement of fuel tax is found to be suitable for the countermeasure for the use of low sulfur oil in terms of the flexibility of demand for the price in the long tenn. For the permissible air pollution standards applicable to all air pollutant emitting facilities, enforcement of incentive environmental policy such as bubble, off-set, banking policy or tradeable emission penn its would be ideal in long terms according to the regional characteristics and the number and scale of air pollutant emitting facilities.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2009

Coronary artery disease is on the rise over the world. Myocardial perfusion SPECT is a well established technique to detect coronary artery disease and to assess left ventricular function. In addition, it has the unique ability to predict the prognosis of the patients. Moreover, the application of ECC-gated images provided the quantitatve data and improved the accuracy. This approach has been proved to be cost-effective and suitable for the emerging economies as well as developed countries. However, the utilization of nuclear cardiology procedures vary widely considering the different countries and region of the world. Korea exits 2-3 times less utilization than Japan, and 20 times than the United States. Recently, with the emerging of new technology, namely cardiac CT, cardiac MR and stress echocardiography, the clinical usefulness of nuclear cardiology has been called in question and its role has been redefined. For the proper promotion of nuclear cardiology, special educations should be conducted since the nuclear cardiology has the contact points between nuclear medicine and cardiology. Several innovations are in horizon which will impact the diagnostic accuracy as well as imaging time and cost savings. Development of new tracers, gamma camera technology and hybrid systems will open the new avenue in cardiac imaging. The future of nuclear cardiology based on molecular imaging is very exciting. The newly defined biologic targets involving atherosclerosis and vascular vulnerability will allow the answers for the key clinical questions. Hybrid techniques including SPECT/CT indicate the direction in which clinical nuclear cardiology may be headed in the immediate future. To what extent nuclear cardiology will be passively absorbed by other modalities, or will actively incorporate other modalities, is up to the present and next generation of nuclear cardiologists.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.2-14
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• 2018

Nowadays, we are standing in front of the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution that is featured by a great range of new and advanced technologies that influences all the domains of economies and industries. The great question that this revolution raises is how it can lead to a future that reflects the peoples' common objectives and values on how these advanced technologies can affect the life and transform the economic, social, cultural, and human environment. It is commonly agreed that to be adapted to these changes and needs and shape a society with competitive economies with highly-skilled individuals, we need to encourage innovation, entrepreneurship, new knowledge generation and exchange and true and effective collaboration and communication. In this complex scene, education seems to have a central and critical role on finding new ways of developing expertise and innovation within the existing knowledge procedures, with more and better cooperation between the key players. This paper argues the concepts, opportunities and challenges that are related to the learning ecosystem towards the needs raised by the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution. The education is discussed as catalyst but also as carrier of innovation and innovation practices and the basis of a relevant framework is presented that takes into account all the aspects, domains and key players of educational world and interacting domains. Having introduced the ideas of innovation, collaboration and technology advancement in this environment, this paper also presents a real case of practice, focusing on how more than 5.000 schools around Europe succeeded the last four (4) years to implement innovation activities in a collaborative way and under a unique but also flexible pedagogical innovation framework.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Distraction osteogenesis is useful treatment which the gradual separation of cut bone edges results in the generation of new bone. It is effective treatment for correcting maxillofacial deformities. Patients with cleft lip and palate usually have maxillary hypoplasia due to scarring of lip and palate. To correct these deformities, we chose to use a 2-jaw orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis. But despite improvements in surgical techniques for maxillofacial deformities, postoperative stability still leaves the question of when relapse may occur. This case report describes the Relapse after treatment of maxillary hypoplasia with cleft lip and palate by Rigid External distraction system over a 2-year treatment and follow-up period. In addition, we reviewed related articles about the influence of the occlusal stability on postoperative stability in patients with cleft lip and palate correction with Distraction osteogenesis.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제84권
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• pp.28-98
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• 2017

이 작업은 현재 '헬조선'으로 상징되는 한국 사회에서, 다수의 청년주체들이 대면하고 있는 극심한 사회경제적인 불안과 이들의 삶을 옥조이는 과도한 경쟁의 집합적인 효과를 질적인 분석과 비판적인 문화해독의 방식으로 접근한다. 이 과정에서 연구에 섭외된 청년층이 기존의 '삼포세대' 담론에 관하여, 또한 자신들이 처한 불안정하고 그늘진 상황과 이에 연동하는 주요 사회적인 이슈들에 대하여, 어떠한 복합적인 반응과 구체적인 비판, 그리고 항변 등을 제기하는지를 세밀하게 진단하고자 한다. 더 나아가서 이들 청년주체들이 표출하는 자기서사와 그 속에 배태된 다기한 감정의 결을 조밀하게 탐구함으로써, 이 시대 청년층이 처한 상황이 응축하는 구체적인 맥락성의 특징과 특히 '생존주의'의 명암을 진중하게 조명하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3265-3269
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• 2016

Background: Around half of input data in the global burden of disease cancer collaboration (GBD-CC) and GLOBOCAN projects come from low quality sources, mainly from developing countries. This may lead to loss of precision in estimates. Our question was: Are the absolute values and trends of the GBD-CC and GLOBOCAN estimates for lung cancer (LC) in Iran consistent with available statistics?. Materials and Methods: Incidence and mortality statistics were extracted from national reports (N.IRs & N.MRs) and GBD-CC (GBD-incidence & mortality) and GLOBOCAN databases for 1990-2013 where available. Trends were analyzed and absolute values and annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated and compared. Incompleteness of case ascertainment at the Iranian national cancer registry and Iranian national civil registration was assessed for better understanding. Results: Trends of N.IRs were significantly rising for males (APC: 19.4; 95% CI: 12.5-26.7) and females (23.2; 16.0-30.8). Trends of GBD-incidence were stable for males (-0.2; -1.5-1.1) and females (-1.0; -2.3-0.4). Absolute N.IRs were less than GBD-incidence steadily except for 2009. Trend of N.MRs was increasing up to 2004, but stable thereafter. Trends of GBD-mortality were also stable. Absolute N.MRs were less than GBD-mortality for years up to 2003 and more than GBD-mortality since 2005. The estimates of GLOBOCAN were more than N.IRs and N.MRs. Conclusions: The GBD-CC and GLOBOCAN values for LC in Iran are underestimates. Generation of data quality indices to present along with country specific estimates is highly recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2013

Objectives: This study investigated the question of whether adenoviral magnetofection can be a suitable method for increasing the efficacy of gene delivery into bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) and for generation of a high level of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) secretion at a minimized viral titer. Materials and Methods: Primary BMSCs were isolated from C57BL6 mice and transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding ${\beta}$ galactosidase or BMP2 and BMP7. The level of BMP secretion, activity of osteoblast differentiation, and cell viability of magnetofection were measured and compared with those of the control group. Results: The expression level of ${\beta}$ galactosidase showed that the cell transduction efficiency of AdLacZ increased according to the increased amount of magnetic nanoparticles. No change in cell viability was observed after magnetofection with 2 ${\mu}L$ of magnetic nanoparticle. Secretion of BMP2 or BMP7 was accelerated after transduction of AdBMP2 and 7 with magnetofection. AdBMP2 adenoviral magnetofection resulted in up to 7.2-fold higher secretion of BMP2, compared with conventional AdBMP2-transduced BMSCs. Magnetofection also induced a dramatic increase in secretion of BMP7 by up to 10-fold compared to the control. Use of only 1 multiplicity of infection (moi) of magnetofection with adenoviral transduction of AdBMP2 or AdBMP7 resulted in significantly higher transgene expression compared to 20 moi of conventional adenoviral transduction. Conclusion: Magnetic particle-mediated gene transudation is a highly efficient method of gene delivery to BMSCs. Magnetofection can lower the amount of viral particles while improving the efficacy of gene delivery.

• 물과 미래
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1986

저수용량을 결정하기 위한 Rippl의 누가곡선법은 과거의 유량자료가 미래에 동일한 기록으로 반복되리라는 가정하에 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 추계학적 이론에 의한 저수용량을 결정하는 더 좋은 방법을 찾아내는데 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 3개의 다목적 댐과 3개의 단일목적댐에 대한 하천의 월 유량을 Tomas-Fiering 법으로 모의발생하였으며 모의발생된 월 유량은 Range 개념으로 해석하였다. 또한 물의 이용을 최대화하는 저수지의 최적운영 법칙을 이용함으로서 저수지로 부터의 유출량을 결정하고 월 유량의 Range와 평균 유입량을 적절하게 고려함으로서 필요한 저수용량은 추계학적으로 결정하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 기본설계 단계에서 제한된 자료, 즉 저수지의 운영기간과 월 평균유량을 가지고 필요한 저수지의 용량을 근사적으로 구할 수 있다.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.189-210
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• 2001

소비자 연구는 매우 다양한 방법론을 적용하는 분야로서 이론정립이나 실증분석에 대한 접근방식의 차이에 따라 positivism과 relativism에 근거한 연구로 분류할 수 있다. 객관적 현실(objective reality)의 존재여부, 실증자료의 객관성, 연구 결과의 일반화 가능성 등에 대한 가정이 서로 다른 이유로, positivism이나 relativism을 연구방법론으로 수용한 학자들 간의 긴장이 각자의 연구를 dog food managerialism (positivism에 대하여), weird science (relativism에 대하여)라는 수식어를 사용하며 비난하는 경우까지 있었다. 이 연구의 목적은 positivism과 relativism에 근거한 연구방법론의 차이를 살펴보고 절충주의의 가능성을 모색하는 것이다. 그러나 Kuhn (1970)이 지적했듯이, philosophy of science의 선택은 궁극적으로 개인적이고, 주관적인 것이기 때문에, 절충주의의 가능성을 제시하기보다는 연구주제의 선택이나 방법론에 있어서 positivism과 relativism이 상호 보완할 수 있는 부분을 제안하였다.