• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2011

Eleven polyphenolic compounds, including procatechuic and chlorogenic acids, (+)-dihydroquercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, (+)-dihydrokaempferol, trans-resveratrol, moracin, quercetin and 4-prenylmoracin were isolated and purified from the methanolic extract of defatted mulberry seed residue by a series of column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A, and their chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis. The antioxidant activities of the eleven isolated polyphenolic compounds were measured spectrophotometrically using DPPH radical. Among the eleven polyphenolic compounds tested, rutin ($IC_{50}=20.2\;{\mu}M$), isoquercitrin ($IC_{50}=22.5\;{\mu}M$), quercitrin ($IC_{50}=24.6\;{\mu}M$), quercetin ($IC_{50}=27.8\;{\mu}M$), (+)-dihydroquercetin ($IC_{50}=28.9\;{\mu}M$), and chlorogenic acid ($IC_{50}=30.6\;{\mu}M$) exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}=31.5\;{\mu}M$) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($IC_{50}=52.3\;{\mu}M$), whereas procatechuic acid ($IC_{50}=68.2\;{\mu}M$) showed lower activity. In addition, (+)-dihydrokaempferol ($IC_{50}=33.8\;{\mu}M$), trans-resveratrol ($IC_{50}=36.2\;{\mu}M$), moracin ($IC_{50}=47.6\;{\mu}M$), and 4-prenylmoracin ($IC_{50}=48.2\;{\mu}M$) exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. Furthermore, levels of the eleven polyphenolic compounds from three different types of mulberry seeds were quantified by HPLC, and their contents were as follows: rutin (311~60.0 mg/100 g)> quercitrin (7.2~34.2 mg/100 g)> (+)-dihydroquercetin (13.2~33.1 mg/100 g)> quercetin (15.8~19.5 mg/100 g)> 4-prenylmoracin (10.5~43.3 mg/100 g)> isoquercitrin (5.8~15.4 mg/100 g)> chlorogenic acid (0.0~15.3 mg/100 g)> moracin (4.7~7.2 mg/100 g)> procatechuic acid (0.0~11.6 mg/100 g)> (+)-dihydrokaempferol and trans-resveratrol (<0.1 mg/100 g). The 'Daesungppong' mulberry seeds among the three cultivars had higher flavonoid contents, such as rutin and quercetin derivatives, while the 'Iksuppong' seeds had the highest contents of phenolic acids and moracin derivatives. 'Cheongilppong' had lower amounts of polyphenolic compounds than the other two mulberry seeds. These results indicate that mulberry seeds containing antioxidant polyphenolic compounds may be potentially useful sources of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-aging agents for functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2020

Distylium racemosum is an evergreen tree growing wild on Jeju Island, which has been reported to exert biological activity. Obesity is induced by genetic, metabolic, environmental, and other factors. Among these, certain bacterial and viral infections have been shown to cause obesity, which is known as infectobesity. Human adenovirus (HAdV)-36 is one of the viruses that are known to cause infectobesity in humans. Unlike extensive research on preventing obesity and developing anti-obesity drugs, little research has been conducted specifically on the prevention and treatment of infectobesity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytochemicals from D. racemosum on the replication of HAdV-36. A549 cells infected with HAdV-36 were treated with an ethyl acetate fraction of a D. racemosum leaf extract (DRE), and the virus titer was calculated based on the hemagglutination (HA) titer. The results showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of DRE treatment on HA titers. DRE treatment was also found to inhibit the cytopathic effects of the virus and the expression of viral genes. Quercitrin was identified as the constituent of DRE exerting an inhibitory effect on HAdV-36 replication. This study shows that DRE can be used as a candidate substance for the development of treatment for HAdV-36 infections. In addition, this study provides a basis to further investigate DRE for the development of anti-infectobesity medication.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.408-413
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• 2007

The dried bark of Platycarya strobilacea were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and one of EtOH extracts was fractionated with a series of n-hexane, dichloromethane and another was fractionated with a series of petroleumether, $Et_2O$, ethyl acetate on a separatory funnel. A portion of dichloromethane soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column ($72.0{\times}5.0cm$) using EtOH-$CHCl_3$ (7:3, v/v) as eluent and A portion of $Et_2O$ soluble was chromatographed on a silica gel column ($42.0{\times}3.5cm$) using $CHCl_3$-MeOH (9:3, v/v) as eluent. The isolated compounds were identified by TLC, $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR, HMBC and EI-MS. Two flavonoids and three flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the bark of P strobilacea. The structures were determined to quercetin (compound 1), myricetin (compound 2) as flavonol compounds and afzelin (compound 3), quercitrin (compound 4), myricitrin (compound 5) as flavonol glycosides, respectively, on the basis of spectrosopic data.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.358-365
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• 2011

The antioxidant and neuronal cell-protective effects of hot water extract from commercial buckwheat tea (CBTE) were evaluated. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect of the CBTE increased in a dose-dependent manner. The Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that resulted from hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatment more significantly decreased when CBTE was present in the media than when the PC12 cells were treated only with $H_2O_2$. In the neuronal cell viability assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT), the aqueous extracts showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium was also inhibited by CBTE. The total phenolics of CBTE was 9,608.10 mg/100 g, and the major phenolic compounds were rutin (13.42 mg/100 g) and quercitrin (0.90 mg/100 g). These data suggested that CBTE, including the aforementioned phenolics, may be useful in reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disease.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.720-726
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• 2010

The in vitro antioxidant activities and neuronal cell protective effects of 60% (w/v) methanolic extract from Houttuynia cordata were investigated. The contents of total phenolics and quercitrin in the extract were 17.71 mg/g and 75.80 ${\mu}g$/g, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were 87.79% and 99.27%, respectively, when the extract was tested at 5 mg/ml. The FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) assay showed a dose-dependent increse in activity. In a cell viability assay using MTT, the extract protected against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was also inhibited by the extract, as was lipid peroxidation as shown using the mouse brain homogenate test. These data indicate that a 60% (w/v) methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata has in vitro antioxidant activities, and ingestion there of may reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2022

In this study, the whitening and antioxidant effects of the extracts from Hydrangea petiolaris (H. petiolaris) leaves was confirmed, and the chemical structure was identified by separating the active ingredients. In the whitening tests using α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the n-hexane (Hex) fraction inhibited the cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities without causing cell toxicity. In addition, the Hex fraction reduced expression of tyrosinase and TRP-2 protein. Upon the anti-oxidative studies by DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction. Also, for the cellular protective effects on HaCat keratinocytes damaged by H₂O₂, the EtOAc fraction indicated protective effects against oxidative stress. Eight phytochemicals were isolated from the extract of H. petiolaris leaves; ethyl linoleate (1), ethyl linolenate (2), 1-linoleoyl glycerol (3), 1-linolenoyl glycerol (4), epi-catechin (5), afzelin (6), quercitrin (7), hyperin (8). Among the isolates, the compounds 5 - 8 showed DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities. The contents of quercitirin, a major isolated in this extract, determined by HPLC analysis were confirmed to be about 31.3 mg/g for the 70% ethanol extract and 169.8 mg/g for the EtOAc fraction. Based on these results, it was suggested that the extract from H. petiolaris leaves could be potentially applicable as whitening and anti-oxidative ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 2023

The fruit of Vaccinum oldhami was separated and purified to obtain the compounds chlorogenic acid (CA), quercetin (QT), and quercitrin (QR). The electron-donating abilities of CA, QT, and QR at 1,000 ㎍/ml were 91.9%, 89.9%, and 77.4%, respectively QT and QR showed 99.5% and 91.4% ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively, and CA showed a 95% ability or higher at 100 ㎍/ml. Regarding tyrosinase inhibitory activity, CA, QT, and QR exhibited 29.5%, 34.7%, and 23.7% efficacy, respectively, at 1,000 ㎍/ml. Regarding the cell viability for melanoma cells (B16F10) assessed through MTT assay, CA, QT, and QR showed cell a viability of 80% or more at 100 ㎍/ml. To measure the deterrent of protein expression, CA affected TRP-1 and TRP-2 in accordance with increases in concentration. The protein expression inhibition rate of QT was excellent for TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase. CA was confirmed to have an excellent mRNA expression inhibitory effect against MITF, and the amount of mRNA expression of TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase decreased with an increase in the CA concentration. As the concentration of QT increased, the mRNA expression of MITF, TRP-2, and tyrosinase decreased. QR decreased the amount of mRNA as the QR concentration increased. The excellent antioxidant and whitening effects of CA, QT, and QR were thus confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

Six compounds were isolated from EtOAc soluble fraction of the leaves of Rhododenderon schlipenbachii. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as quercetin (1), juglanin (2), avicularin (3), quercitrin (4), afzelin (5), and hirsutrin (6), respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2001

Five flavonoids and one aromatic acid were isolated from the leaves of Zanthoxylum piperitum. The structures of compounds were elucidated as quercetin, afzelin, quercitrin, hyperoside, hesperidin and protocatechuic acid on the basis of spectral evidence.