• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2006

본 연구는 축산물가공공장에서의 살균소독 방법제의 효능을 평가하기 위해 주요 육가공기계 표면인 stainless steel 표면 test와 실제 축산물가공공장 적용 시험을 실시하였다 네 가지 식품위해 세균을 대상으로 simulation한 결과, E. coli, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium에 대하여는 hydrogen peroxide(1,100ppm), iodophor(25ppm) 사용 시 각각 3.5, 3.4, 3.0 log 정도의 균 감소를 보여 살균효과가 가장 컸으며, L. monocytogenes에 대해서는 quaternary ammonium compounds(200 ppm), hydrogen peroxide(1,100 ppm), iodophor(25 ppm)가 가장 좋은 약 2.8 log의 균 감소효과를 나타냈다. 대체적으로 alcohol(70%)의 효과가 가장 낮았고, hydrogen peroxide(1,100 ppm), iodophor(25 ppm)가 비슷한 수준으로 살균효과가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공장에서는 peroxy compounds와 quaternary ammonium compounds를 적용한 결과, 총균수와 대장균군수 모두 물세척에 비해 큰 균 감소효과를 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2002

Colorants were extracted from the heartwood of sappan lin. with MeOH under reflux, and the concentrate or the powder of dye was prepared by low pressure concentration method using suitable organic solvent. Various components were isolated from sappan wood, and the chemical structure and mechanism of compound having the excellent antibacterial and deodorization properties were analyzed. The results obtained are as follows ; The seventeen components of sappan wood were seperated by HPLC chromatography, and the five components among them were existed more than 6% and the other components were existed lower than 0.6%. The resolving powers of the non-polar solvent and polar solvent systems were evaluated by their ability to resolve the samples. It showed that chloroform-methanol-water(800:150:10) system has the best resolving power. Although the seperation rate is very slow, polyamide C-100 column chromatography gives a clear seperation of sappan wood. On the basis of the spectrometric data such as IR, UV, $GC-Mass,\;^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR\;and\;^1H-^{ 13}C-NMR$, the chemical structure of compound haying the excellent antibacterial and deodorization properties was established as brazilin containing the functional groups such as two quaternary carbon, one benzyl carbon, methylene contiguous to oxygen and methylene caused by oxygen atom.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.223-226
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• 2001

Acetanilide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 2,300 tons/year in Korea as of 1998 survey. Most is used as an intermediate for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes. The chemical is one of seven chemicals, which are under the frame of OECD SIDS program sponsored by National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea. Regarding the information on the environmental fate. bioconcentration is one of important factor to estimate the environmental tranfer. However, measurement of bioconcentration needs high expense and time. For this reason, OECD recommends to use BCFWIN model to estimate bioconcentration of organic chemicals, BCFWIN estimates the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of an organic compound using the log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of the compound. Structures are entered into BCFWIN through SMITES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notations. The BCFWIN method classifies a compound as either ionic or non-ionic. ionic compounds include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and salts of sulfonic acids, and charged nitrogen compounds (nitrogen with a + 5 valence such as quaternary ammonium compounds). All other compounds are classified as non-ionic. In this study, bioaccumulation of acetanilide was estimated using BCFWIN model based on SMIIES notation, chemical name data and partition coefficient as one of environmental fate/distribution of the chemical elements.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2005

최근 식중독 발생이 대형화됨에 따라 식중독 예방과 식품의 위생적 생산관리를 위하여 식품제조시설에서의 살균소독제 사용 요구가 증가되는 추세이다. 또한 미국 FDA에서는 E. coli와 S. aureus에 대하여 $5\;log_{10}$ CFU/mL의 균수를 감소시키는 화학제제를 살균소독제로 인정하고 있다. 국내에서 유통되는 11종의 살균소독제와 5가지 식품 위해 미생물인 P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, E. hirae를 대상으로 살균소독제의 유효성을 평가한 결과 현재 시중에서 유통되고 있는 살균소독제 중 자몽추출물과 chlorine를 원료로 사용하는 일부 품목의 경우 법적허용기준인 $5\;log_{10}$ CFU/mL의 살균효과에 미치지 못하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2009

Bruella spp. involves a considerable danger of public health and farm animal industry. In this study, we assessed the disinfection efficacy of alkaline disinfectant solution and three commercial farm disinfectants (quaternary ammonium compound, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, potassium monopersulphate/sodium dichloroisocyanurate) against Brucella ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of selected disinfectants following exposure to test bacteria for 30 minutes at $4^{\circ}C$. Disinfectants and test bacteria are diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. Three commercial disinfectant showed excellent antimicrobial activity (up to dilution of $\times200$ in OM treatment). Alkaline disinfectant solution demonstrated favorable bactericidal efficacy against B. abortus (at dilution of $\times20$ in OM treatment). Three commercial farm disinfectants possess excellent efficacy against B. ovis. Alkaline disinfectant solution has lower potency than commercial farm disinfectant but could help to limit the spread of brucellosis.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.45-46
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• 2015

Se 원소가 포함된 $CuIn_xGa_{1-x}Se_2$(CIGS) 단일 스퍼터링 타겟을 이용하여 후처리 공정없이 단일 스퍼터링 공정만으로 CIGS 흡수층 박막을 증착하여 소자 특성을 확인하였다. 단일 CIGS 흡수층 공정이 적용된 CIGS 박막태양전지 소자(유리기판/Mo/단일 CIGS 흡수층 박막/CdS/i-ZnO/Al-doped ZnO/Ni-Al grid)에서 10.0%의 태양광 변환 효을을 달성하였으며, 이는 기존의 복잡한 공정구조를 해결하여 대면적 양산화 CIGS 제조 공정에도 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercial disinfectants at inactivating Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in water. Disinfectant I contained 6.15% sodium hypochlorite, and disinfectant II contained both 2.25% n-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride and 2.25% n-alkyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. Disinfectant I was added to distilled water to obtain a range of residual chloride concentrations at 50 ppm intervals with a maximum of 1-1,000 ppm. Disinfectant II was prepared at concentrations ranging from 1-200 ppm with 5 ppm intervals. Exposure time for all solutions was 10 min. In total, 58 E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains were tested in this study. Nine isolates were obtained from clinical samples, and 49 isolates were obtained from environmental samples. Seven strains (6 clinical and 1 environmental) were able to survive in 100 ppm disinfectant I, and a maximum of 5 ppm of disinfectant II. Fifty one strains (3 clinical and 48 environmental) were not killed in 10 ppm of disinfectant I and 1 ppm of disinfectant II in water. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that clinical E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains displayed 5- to 10-fold higher resistance to disinfectants than environmental E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains. Disinfectant II, containing quaternary ammonium compounds, was shown to be more potent in inactivating E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in water used to clean infant formula manufacturing equipment than disinfectant I.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2020

낮은 표면저항값과 높은 투과도가 요구되는 LCD용 대전방지필름에 사용할 수 있는 무색상을 지닌 대전방지제를 개발하였다. 리튬 불소계 화합물과 4차 암모늄염 중에서 전기전도도를 바탕으로 대전방지 물질을 선정하고 대전방지제를 제조하여 표면저항값을 측정하였다. 그 결과 대체적으로 전도도가 높은 물질이 비교적 낮은 표면저항값 즉 상대적으로 양호한 대전방지 성능을 보여주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 선정된 대전방지 물질을 중심으로 최적의 대전방지제를 제조하는 배합비를 실험계획법을 통하여 수립하고 각 인자들이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대전방지 물질로 사용한 리튬 불소계 화합물의 사용량이 많을수록, 상대적으로 다관능기를 갖는 올리고머의 사용비율이 높을수록 표면저항값이 작게 나타났다. 4차 암모늄염은 리튬 불소계 화합물의 대전방지 성능을 증가시켰으나 사용량에 따른 영향은 상대적으로 크지 않았다. 대전방지용 PET 필름을 제조한 후 특성을 평가한 결과 낮은 표면저항값(<10⁹ Ω/sq.) 및 높은 투과도(>92%), 낮은 헤이즈(<0.5%) 및 높은 백색도(L^⁎>95)를 나타내었다. 또한 고온 고습의 조건하에서도 10% 이내의 안정적인 표면저항 변화율을 보임으로서 대전방지필름의 신뢰도가 아주 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.739-743
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• 2003

New quaternary compounds $ANb_2PS_{10}$ (A = Na, Ag) and $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$ were synthesized and characterized. The structures of three compounds consist of one-dimensional infinite chains built by [$Nb_2S_{12}$] and [$PS_4$] units. Cation atoms are occupied within the van der Waals gap of sulfur atoms between infinite chains to make -S…$M^+$…S- contacts. There is only one Au atom site and so crystallographically a unit cell contains four equivalent Au atoms in $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$. This is only the half of the numbers of Na or Ag atoms in $NaNb_2PS_{10}$ or $AgNb_2PS_{10}$. The ratio between $Nb_2PS_{10}$ matrix vs the cation is, therefore, 1 : 1 for Ag and Na, but it is 2 : 1 for Au. Mixed valency in Au or Nb was expected to balance the charge in the latter compound. The electronic structures calculated based on the extended Huckel tight-binding method show that $ANb_2PS_{10}$ (A = Ag, Na) are semiconducting, while $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$ is metallic, which is not consistent with the experimental results of these three compounds that all exhibit semiconducting property. The result of calculation suggests that $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$ might be a magnetic insulator. Magnetic measurement experiment exactly proved that the compound is a Slater antiferromagnetic material with the Neels' temperature of 45 K. It is recognized, therefore, that electronic structure analysis is very useful to understand the properties of compounds.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2012

Salmonellosis is a widespread bacterial zoonosis that commonly causes enterocolitis and foodborne poisoning leading to an extensive economic loss in domestic animal industry. Considerably, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella spp. induces further severe problems affecting public health. The present report was designated to investigate the antibacterial efficacies of three common disinfectants including an oxidizing compound disinfectant (OXC), a triple salt (TS) and a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) against Salmonella typhimurium subjected to the preliminary changes of drug temperature. All solutions of three disinfectants were pre-incubated at different temperature (22, 37 and $63^{\circ}C$) for 1 h prior to exposure to bacteria. The disinfectants and bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OMS) according to treatment condition. Under the DW condition, the disinfectant efficacy of the QAC at $63^{\circ}C$ was higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, under HW diluent the disinfectant efficacy of the TS pre-warmed at both of 37 and $63^{\circ}C$ were increased compared to that of $22^{\circ}C$. Considerably, the efficacy of pre-warmed QAC at both of 37 and $63^{\circ}C$ under the OMS diluent were higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$. Conclusively, prewarming at higher temperatures have positive effects on the stability of the antibacterial efficacies of TS and QAC.