• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.532-545
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 아동보호전문기관 상담원을 대상으로 이차외상스트레스 예방을 위한 레질리언스 훈련프로그램의 효과를 확인하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 유사실험설계를 활용하여 아동보호전문기관 상담원을 대상으로 실험집단 9명, 비교집단 10명으로 구성하였으며, 프로그램 사전, 사후, 프로그램 종료 3개월 후 추후조사를 통해 프로그램의 효과를 확인하였다. 이차외상스트레스 예방 프로그램은 아동보호전문기관 상담원의 이차외상스트레스와 우울 수준을 감소시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 스트레스 대처는 증가시켰지만 통계적 유의성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 추후조사에서는 이차외상스트레스, 우울, 스트레스 대처의 변화는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 이차외상스트레스 예방 프로그램의 효과를 확인하였으며, 또한 효과를 지속시키기 위해서는 지속적인 개입이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구결과에 기초하여 이차외상스트레스 예방 프로그램의 필요성과 활용방안에 대하여 제언하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2022

Purpose - The policy implications of free trade agreements have traditionally been a matter of debate among economists. The official signing of the Korea-China Free Trade Agreement provides economists with a quasi-natural experiment to analyze the FTA's policy effects. This article aims to more accurately understand the impact of Korea's FTA accession on the macro economy. Design/methodology - This study adopts the counterfactual method based on panel data to find common factors in the generation process of macro data to fit the counterfactual path, to accurately evaluate the effect of the macro policy. Findings - Our research results show that the signing of the Korea-China FTA has a relatively significant short-term positive effect on Korea's economic growth. On average, Korea's real GDP growth rate has increased by 2.1%. This study finds evidence in support of FTA signing not having a significant impact on Korea's GDP growth in the long run. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the FTA on Korea's imports and exports and found that it had a significant positive impact in the short term, but the trade effect of the FTA is significantly affected by the external macro-environment. Originality/value - First, this study uses macro panel data at the national level to examine the impact of the Korea-China FTA on Korea, and more accurately describes the policy effect of the FTA. Second, our empirical results show that the Korea-China FTA policy impact is subject to occasional changes in the external environment, such as the geopolitical conflict (crisis) between Korea and China, and the US-China trade war. Finally, the analysis shows that the short-term effect of FTA is significant but the long-term is uncertain, which provides empirical evidence for the debate on whether joining FTA can promote national economic growth.

• Composites Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2010

최근 토목분야에서 철근콘크리트 압축재에 발생하고 있는 부식, 중성화 등의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 섬유강화복합재로 외부를 보강한 합성부재가 개발되어 적용되고 있다. 이러한 합성부재는 외부를 섬유강화플라스틱으로 보강하고 있어 부재 전체의 구조적 성능을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 내화학성이 우수하여 기존 콘크리트 부재와 비교할 때 내구성이 향상된다. 그러나 복합재로 외부를 보강한 콘크리트 합성부재에 대한 기존 연구자료들은 구조적 거동해석에서 큰 차이가 없이 유사한 결과를 보여주었으나 그 결과가 부재의 단면구성과 크게 관계되기 때문에 이 연구에 직접적으로 적용하는데는 어려움이 있고, 또한 설계기준으로 적용하기에는 여전히 미흡한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 RCFFT 부재의 설계규준 마련을 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 압축 및 준정적 휨실험을 수행하여 구조적 거동을 조사하였고, 압축강도를 추정할 수 있는 근사식을 제안하였으며, 휨강성을 예측할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-to-one labor support on labor pain, labor stress response, childbirth experience and neonatal status for primipara by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from April 30, 1999 to February 20, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of eighty two primipara with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Forty one were in the experimental group and forty one in the control group. Their mean age was 25.95 years, their mean gestation period was 39.9 weeks. A caring package of one-to-one labor support had three components. Physical support consisted of massage, back pressure, touch. Emotional support was provided by a continuous nurse's presence, acceptance and encouragement. Informational support involved teaching breathing skills, relaxation skills and knowledge about the labor process. Data assessed labor pain, pulse rate and blood pressure to measure labor stress response. Also, in measuring the value of labor stress response, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine and serum cortisol were measured. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's childbirth experiences was collected. Umbilical cord arterial blood pH, one minute and five minute Apgar score were measured after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA with SAS Program. The results were as follows; 1. Labor pain was significantly low in the experimental group(P=.016). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure. 3. The childbirth experience of the experimental group was significantly more positive than the control group (P = .005). 4. The umbilical cord arterial blood pH of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P=.014). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal one minute and five minute Apgar scores. In conclusion, these findings indicate that one-to-one labor support could be effective in decreasing labor pain, and increasing positive childbirth experiences, also increasing the neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood pH for primipara. So, one-to-one labor support could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.98-113
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were two fold : first, to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on BP, pulse rate, body fat, body weight, symptoms of sterss response: and secondly, to apply the aerobic exercise on nursing practice in the healthy or ill subjects. In an attempt to investigate the physiological and psychological effect of exercise, a quasi -experiment, non-equivalent control group pre-test & post-test design was planned. Experiments were carried out from July 4, through August 30, 1994 with 37 subjects conveniently sampled from K & Y sports center located in Taejon. The 37 research subjects were assigned to experimental(16 subjects) and control(21 subjects) groups. Aerobic exercise was carried out for experimental group from three times to five times a week for 6 weeks in aerobic center. Data were analyzed with t-test, mean, per centage of change using SAS program. Results were obtained as follows: 1) Systolic blood pressure (M=123.75mmHg, % of change=1.12%) and diastolic blood pressure (M=74.38mmHg, % of change=5.79%) was increased on that of experimental group after 6 weeks experiment. But there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 2) Body weight was decreased on that of experimental group(M=56.54Kg, % of change=-1.60%) and that of control group(M=52.05, % of change=-0.99%) after 6 weeks. But there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 3) Body fat was decreased on that of experimental group(M=30.53%, % of change=-3.60%) and that of control group (M=28.75%, % of change=-3.52%) after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 4) Pulse rate was decreased on that of experimental group(M=69.19회/min, % of change -8.43%) and that of control group(M=76.0회/min, % change -0.07%) after 6weeks. There was significant difference(t=-2.621, P<0.05) between experimental group and control group. 5) Symptoms of stress response were decreased on that of experimental group(M=0.97) and that of control group(M=1.15) after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. Therefore, adherence to aerobic exercise for 6 week seem to be affected mainly pulse rate of subjects. A futher study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of variety exercise, programs, to study over 6 weeks, to produce professional educational program for exercise speciality nurses.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2009

Purpose : This study set out to compare the educational effects of a video self-instruction program for child CPR education on childcare teachers by applying the 2006 KACPR Guideline. By adopting the nonequivalent control group posttest quasi-experimental design, the study examined the educational effects on a group that did not receive instructions from the instructor, another group that received his instructions, and the other group that received an extra three-minute practice training session in addition to instructions. Methods : Data were gathered from August 6 to 18, 2008. As for research tools, the Knowledge Instrument of CPR by Connolly (2006) was used along with the National Practice Test Protocol for C1ass 1 Emergency Medical Technicians (2007) and Common Protocol for CPR (2006) to examine the performance of child CPR. By shooting the guide screen of $Resusci^{(R)}$ Junior CPR Manikin of Leardal with a video camera and using the Skill Guide Checklist of the Common Protocol for CPR (2006), the subjects' technical accuracy of chi1d CPR was evaluated. There were three subject groups: 29 childcare teachers randomly assigned to received the video self-instruction program training for chi1d CPR and no instructions from the instructor made up the control group; 22 childcare teachers randomly assigned to received the program training and instructions from the instructor made up experiment group I; 23 childcare teachers randomly assigned to received an extra three-minute practice training session in addition to the program training and the instructions made up experiment group II. The gathered data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+ (Version 14.0) in frequency, percentage, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test. Results : 1) There were no statistically significant differences (F=1.030, p=.362) among the groups in terms of knowledge scores after the child CPR education. 2) There were statistically significant differences (F=13.625, p=.000) among the groups in terms of performance abilities after the child CPR education. 3) There were no statistically significant differences (F=1.610, p=.207) among the groups in terms of technical accuracy of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation after the child CPR education 4) There were no statistically significant differences (F=1.484, p=.234) among the groups in terms of technical accuracy of chest compression after the child CPR education. Conclusion : The results indicate that childcare teachers can improve their performance abilities in child CPR when the instructors are active with their instructions and extra practice hours are secured through a VSI program. It's also needed to provide education with increasing concentration ratio about the items of lower knowledge points in order to help the teachers learn the accurate theory of child CPR. And there should be VSI programs of diverse conditions to increase the effects of child CPR training among childcare teachers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop, through the integration of instructional theory, a Courseware and to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based computer assisted instruction(WBI) program for preventing drug abuse, a serious problem for youth problem. During the first stage of this study done "Drug Abuse Prevention" Courseware was developed based on, Gagn & Brigg's instructional design theory, Keller's ARCS theory and the CAI model of Hannafin & Peck. For the second stage, the courseware was used to provide education for students adolescents in drug abuse prevention. This study used an quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 36 male high school students who were at one high school located in Seoul. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included a learning achievement tool, the Keller's IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey), on attitudes to drug use, and on responses to the WBI instruction. Prior to the experiment, the "drug abuse prevention" learning method and the procedures of the study were explained to the students, and then the learning achievement of the subjects was measured as a pretest. The students were then given 2 weeks WBI utilizing the courseware. A post-test which included the pre-test learning achievement questionnaire and a survey of learning motivation and attitudes toward drug were given two weeks after the education was completed. The data analysis was done using SPSS/PC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre-test and post-test scores for learning achievement. The results of the analysis are as follows: There were significant differences in learning achievement between the pre-test and post-test(t=-18.62, p=0.000). The hypothesis, that learning achievement will be higher, after the class has used the courseware, than before was supported. The scores for learning motivation and attitudes toward drugs were also higher than the results of existing studies. In conclusion, this study suggests that WBI is an effective learning method in the prevention of drug abuse for adolescents as it can be used for self-learning and repeated learning as assisted instruction. Recommendation would be given that further research needs to be develped in the courseware by cognitive learning style and by multimedia courseware and virtual reality system.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2021

Background: During squat exercises, Ankle joint stability during squat movement transfers forces produced by unstable supports or various loads to the leg joints and trunk, reducing the risk of injury; therefore, a reference is needed for correct ankle joint posture during squat exercises. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ankle joint stability on quadriceps femoris and hamstring activation during squat exercises. Design: Quasi-experiment one group pretest-posttest design. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 volunteers who performed squat exercises with and without kinesiology tape. We measured quadriceps femoris and hamstring activation using surface electromyography. The ankle joint was stabilized with kinesiology tape using the ankle balance taping (ABT) method. A paired t-test was performed to compare differences between taping conditions. Results: Vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation were greater following squat exercises with kinesiology tape than without; however, the difference was not significant. Medial and lateral hamstring activation was not significantly different between taping conditions. Conclusion: Although it is difficult to maintain stability using kinesiology tape alone, ankle joint stability is believed to affect quadriceps femoris muscle activity, which increases the effectiveness of the squat exercise.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.35-61
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• 2003

Background： The purpose of this study was to develop a structured and individualized smoking prevention program for adolescents by utilizing a multimedia computer-assisted instruction model and to empirically assess its effect. Method： For the purpose of this study, a guide book of smoking prevention program for middle and high school students was developed as the first step. The contents of this book were summarized and developed into an actual multimedia CAI smoking prevention program according to the Gane ＆ Briggs instructional design and Keller's ARCS motivation design models as the second step. At the final step, the short-tenn effects of this program were examined by an experiment. This experiment were made for middle school and high school students and the quasi experimental design was the pretest - intervention - posttest. The measured data was attitude, belief, and knowledge about smoking, interest in the program, and learning motivation. Result： The results of this study were as follows： First, the guide book of a smoking prevention program was developed and the existing literature on adolescent smoking was analyzed to develop the content of the guide book. Then the curriculum was divided into three main domains on tobacco and smoking history, smoking and health, adolescent smoking and each main domain was divided into sub-domains. Second, the contents of the guide book were translated into a multimedia CAI program of smoking prevention througn Powerpoint software according to the instructional design theory. The characteristics of this program were interactive, learner controllable, and structured The program contents consisted of entrance(5.6％), history of tobacco(30％), smoking and health(38.9％), adolescent smoking(22.2％), video(4.7％), and exit(1.6％). Multimedia materials consisted of text(121), sound and music, image(still 84, dynamic 32), and videogram(6). The program took about 40 minutes to complete. Third, the results on analysis of the program effects were as follows： 1) There was significant knowledge increase between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 3.44, and the highest increase was in the 1st grade students of high school(p＜0.001). 2) There was significant decrease in general belief on smoking between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 0.28. In subgroup analysis, the difference was significantly higher in the 1st grade of high school (p<0.001), low income class (p<0.001), and daily smokers (p<0.01). 3) There was no significant difference in attitudes on his personal smoking between the pre-test and post-test. 4) The interest in the program seemed to lower as students got older. The score of motivation toward this prevention program was the highest in the middle school 3rd grade. Among sub-domains of motivation, the confidence score was the highest. Conclusion： To be most effective, the smoking prevention program for adolescents should utilize the most up-to-date and accurate information on smoking, and then instructional material should be developed so that the learners can approach the program with enjoyment. Through this study, a guide book with the most up-to-date information was developed and the multimedia CAI smoking prevention program was also developed based on the guide book. The program showed positive effect on the students' knowledge and belief in smoking.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.96-110
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of emotional and informational support intervention on role stress and depression of primary family caregivers caring stroke patients and to develop an effective nursing intervention method for them. This study selected the quasi-experiment, based on pre-test and post-test design of non-equivalent control group as a method of study. This study was conducted with 69 primary family caregivers caring stroke patients hospitalized in K and D hospitals in Daegu from August 20 to October 25, 2000. Out of them, 34 were placed in the experimental group, and 35 in the control group. The emotional and informational intervention program was divided into two aspects-emotional support and informational support- and executed three times, using prepared instruments and a guidebook. The intervention program consisted of the 1st intervention for one or one-half hour, the 2nd intervention for 30 minutes in two or three days after the 1st intervention. and the 3rd intervention for 30minutes in another two or three days after the 2nd intervention. Pre-test was carried out just before the 1st intervention, and the post-test was carried out right after the 3rd intervention, in order to collect data. The measuring instrument of role stress used was one that was modified to the role stress instrument of Yang Young-hee(1992) and the stress instrument of Choi Eun-sook (1992). The reliability was Cronbach's $\alpha=.8271$. The measuring instrument of depression used was one that was developed by Beck(1967) and standardized by Han Heung-moo et al(1986). The reliability was Cronbach's $\alpha=.8693$. Data were analyzed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, $x^2-test$, t-test and Paired t-test by using SPSS 9.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Role stress score of the experimental group was revealed to be significantly lower than that of the control group 2. Depression score of the experimental group was revealed to be significantly lower than that of the control group Accordingly, the emotional and informational support intervention can be a way to reduce role stress and depression of primary family caregivers caring stroke patients.