• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

This paper introduces the concept of a random universal hash function to amplify security in a quantum key distribution system. It seems to provide security amplification using the relationship between quantum error correction and security. In addition, the approach in terms of security amplification shows that phase error correction offers better security. We explain how the universal hash function enhances security using the BB84 protocol, which is a typical example of QKD(Quantum Key Distribution). Finally, we show that the BB84 protocol using random privacy amplification is safe at higher key rates than Mayers' performance at the same error rate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.389-395
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• 2013

As fusing IT and medical technique, the number of patients who adhere medical equipment inside of them is increasing. However there is a problem of for the third person to tap or modulate the patient's biometric data viciously. This paper suggests quantum encryption-based key distribution model to share key for the third person not to tap or modulate the patient's biometric data between patient and hospital staff. The proposed model uses one-time pad key that shares key sending random bits not direct sending message of quantum data. Also, it guarantees patient's anonymity because the biometric data of injected-device in the body doesn't be exposed unnecessarily.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

This paper presents the development of InGaAsP multiple quantum well asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulators(AFPM), which have a vertical structure and high performance and describes measurements of devices operating at 10GHz for next generation broadband wireless communication applications such as picocell systems. Advantages of the AFPM include low drive voltage, which is less than -2V, and -3dB coupling loss, good flatness of the frequency response and simple fiber alignment. A simple link demonstration has been introduced, resulting in 92dB/Hz spurious free dynamic range and 40dB inter-modulation distortion. This modulator could be use for broadband radio over fiber systems such as picocell and multiple RF links.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.683-688
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• 2021

Digital signature algorithms such as RSA and ECDSA are threatened by the development of quantum computer technology, which is attracting attention as a future technology. Alternatively, various post-quantum algorithms such as grid-based, multivariate-based, code-based, and hash-based are being studied. Among them, the hash-based is a fast and quantitative security level that can be calculated and its safety has been proven. So it is receiving a lot of attention. In this paper, we examine various hash-based digital signature algorithms that have been proposed so far, and analyze their features and their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, we emphasize the importance of reducing the size of the signature in order for the hash-based signature algorithm to be practically used.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.4357-4378
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• 2017

In cooperative multi-relay networks, the relay nodes which are selected are very important to the system performance. How to choose the best cooperative relay nodes is an optimization problem. In this paper, multi-relay selection schemes which consider either single objective or multi-objective are proposed based on evolutionary algorithms. Firstly, the single objective optimization problems of multi-relay selection considering signal to noise ratio (SNR) or power efficiency maximization are solved based on the quantum bee colony optimization (QBCO). Then the multi-objective optimization problems of multi-relay selection considering SNR maximization and power consumption minimization (two contradictive objectives) or SNR maximization and power efficiency maximization (also two contradictive objectives) are solved based on non-dominated sorting quantum bee colony optimization (NSQBCO), which can obtain the Pareto front solutions considering two contradictive objectives simultaneously. Simulation results show that QBCO based multi-relay selection schemes have the ability to search global optimal solution compared with other multi-relay selection schemes in literature, while NSQBCO based multi-relay selection schemes can obtain the same Pareto front solutions as exhaustive search when the number of relays is not very large. When the number of relays is very large, exhaustive search cannot be used due to complexity but NSQBCO based multi-relay selection schemes can still be used to solve the problems. All simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.531-540
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• 2019

Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC OCDMA) is an advanced technique in asynchronous environments. This paper proposes design and implementation of a novel quantum logic gate (QLG) code, with code construction algorithm generated without following any code mapping procedures for SAC system. The proposed code has a unitary matrices property with maximum overlap of one chip for various clients and no overlaps in spectra for the rest of the subscribers. Results indicate that a single algorithm produces the same length increment for codes with weight greater than two and follows the same signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) calculations for a higher number of users. This paper further examines the performance of a QLG code based SAC-OCDMA system with NAND and direct detection techniques. BER analysis was carried out for the proposed code and results were compared with existing MDW, RD and GMP codes. We demonstrate that the QLG code based system performs better in terms of cardinality, which is followed by improved BER. Numerical analysis reveals that for error free transmission (10^-9), the suggested code supports approximately 170 users with code weight 4. Our results also conclude that the proposed code provides improvement in the code construction, cross-correlation and minimization of noises.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.2762-2777
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• 2017

A fuzzy identity based signature (FIBS) scheme allows a signer with identity ${\omega}$ to generate a signature which could be verified under identity ${\omega}^{\prime}$ if and only if ${\omega}$ and ${\omega}^{\prime}$ are within a certain distance of each other as judged by some metric. In this paper, we propose an efficient FIBS scheme from lattice assumption, which can resist quantum-computer attacks. Without using the Bonsai Tree technique, we utilize the lattice basis delegation technique to generate the private key, which has the advantage of keeping the lattice dimension invariant. We also prove that our proposed scheme is existentially unforgeable under an adaptive chosen message and identity attack in the random oracle model. Compared with existing scheme, our proposed scheme is much more efficient, especially in terms of communication overhead. Since our FIBS scheme possesses similar error-tolerance property, it can be well applied in post-quantum communication biometric authentication environments, where biometric identifiers such as fingerprints, voice, iris and gait are used in human identification.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.181-188
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• 2023

Block cipher is not expected to be safe for quantum computer, as Grover's algorithm reduces the security strength by accelerating brute-force attacks on symmetric key ciphers. So it is necessary to check the post-quantum security strength by implementing quantum circuit for the target cipher. In this paper, we propose the optimal quantum circuit implementation result designed as a technique to minimize the use of quantum resources (qubits, quantum gates) for SIMECK lightweight cryptography, and explain the operation of each quantum circuit. The implemented SIMECK quantum circuit is used to check the estimation result of quantum resources and calculate the Grover attack cost. Finally, the post-quantum strength of SIMECK lightweight cryptography is evaluated. As a result of post-quantum security strength evaluation, all SIMECK family cipher failed to reach NIST security strength. Therefore, it is expected that the safety of SIMECK cipher is unclear when large-scale quantum computers appear. About this, it is judged that it would be appropriate to increase the block size, the number of rounds, and the key length to increase the security strength.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2021

Most of the internet security protocols rely on classical algorithms based on the mathematical complexity of the integer factorization problem, which becomes vulnerable to a quantum computer. Recent progresses of quantum computing technologies have highlighted the need for applying quantum key distribution (QKD) on existing network protocols. We report the development and integration of a plug & play QKD device with a commercial IPSec device by replacing the session keys used in IPSec protocol with the quantum ones. We expect that this work paves the way for enhancing security of the star-type networks by implementing QKD with the end-to-end IP communication.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.17 no.6 s.78
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• pp.146-154
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• 2002

본 고에서는 최근 IT-NT 융합 기술 중 각광받고 있는 양자 정보통신 기술의 기초 이론 및 최신 동향 그리고, 실제적인 시스템 구현을 위한 구성 요소들을 살펴보고자 한다. 양자정보통신 기술은 광자(光子)의 양자역학적 특성에 기반을 둔 기술로서 양자 이론과 밀접한 관련을 가진 기술 분야이다. 일반적으로 양자정보처리 기술은 크게 양자 컴퓨터(quantum computer)와 양자 암호화(quantum cryptography) 기술, 양자 통신(quantum communication) 등으로 구분된다. 양자정보통신의 각 분야 기술이 아직은 기초연구 수준에 있지만 세계적으로 그 중요성을 인식하고 대규모 투자를 아끼지 않는 분야이기 때문에, 이 분야에 대한 투자를 소홀히 하면 기술 종속 또는 기술 후진국으로 전락할 수도 있다. 그러므로, 본 고에서는 외국의 기술 발전 추세에 대처하고 자체적인 관련 기반 기술을 확보하기 위한 기초 이론과 기술 동향에 대해 간략히 살펴보기로 한다.