• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.388-394
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• 2010

In the present study, polyacetal bone mimics with circular cylindrical pores were used to investigate variations of speed of sound and attenuation coefficient with porosity and microarchitecture in bone. The speed of sound and attenuation coefficient of the 6 bone mimics with porosities from 0 % to 65.9 % were measured by a through-transmission method in water, using a pair of broadband, unfocused transducers with a diameter of 12.7 mm and a center frequency of 1.0 MHz. Independently of the structural properties of the bone mimics, the speed of sound decreased almost linearly with the increasing porosity. The attenuation coefficient measured at 1.0 MHz exhibited linear or nonlinear correlations with the porosity, depending on the structural properties of the bone mimics. These results are consistent with those previously published by other researchers using bone samples and mimics, and advances our understanding of the relationships of the ultrasonic parameters for the diagnosis of osteoporosis with the bone density and microarchitecture in human bones.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.78-84
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• 2006

Our study aimed at quantitative assessment of a cleft palate nose deformity condition by analyzing the following parameters gathered from a photographic image of a cleft palate patient: (1) angle difference between two nostril axes, (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers, (3) overlapped area of two nostrils, and (4) the overlapped area ratio of the two nostrils. A regression equation of doctor's grades was obtained using the eight parameters. Three plastic surgeons gave us the glades for the each photographic image by to increments with maximum grade of 100. The average reproducibility of the grades given by the three plastic surgeons and the three laymen using the developed program was $10.8{\pm}4.6%\;and\;7.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. Kappa values representing the degree of consensus of the plastic surgeons and the three laymen were 0.43 and 0.83, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the grades evaluated by the surgeons and obtained by the regression equation was 0.642 and that of the grades by the surgeons and by the neural network was 0.798. In conclusion, the developed neural network model provided us better reproducibility, much better consensus, and better correlation than doctor's subjective evaluation in addition to objectiveness and easy application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.383-387
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• 2015

Bowel and rectal diseases are on the increase by irregular life and westernized eating habits of modern people, especially rectal cancer, which accounts for 50% of the entire colon cancer. For the initial rectal cancer, because there is no portion projecting on the surface, if not see inside the tissue with ultrasound, you make an errors that misdiagnosis as rectal abscess. However there is a need for more accurate diagnosis, because it is sometimes difficult to distinguish abscess from rectal cancer depending on staging, in spite of the ultrasonic diagnosis. Therefore, this study was performed quantitative analysis by using a computer algorithm for rectal cancer and abscess image. Each of 20 cases about normal, abscess and cancer by setting analysis region ($50{\times}50$ pixels) applies to GLCM algorithm and Autocorrelation, Max probability, Sum average, Sum variance in each image were analyzed by comparing the 4 single parameter. Consequently, The high lesion detection efficiency was presented 100% by the 3 parameter of Autocorrelation, Max probability, Sum variance and the parameter of Sum average presents 95% in cancer, more than 90% in abscess. Those parameters are valuable in distinction standard about normal, cancer and abscess in rectum. It is sufficient availability as a computer assisted diagnosis system depended on clinical using.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.198-203
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• 2011

The BMD difference depending on QCT and QUS, whose usages are recently being increased for the test of BMD, was accessed for 106 subjects of a general health examination who were aged between 24~69 year-old and results were derived as follows. The measured value of BMD by QCT and QUS showed significant correlation in general (p>0.05). In terms of the difference generated between the measurement methods depending on sexes, the female subjects showed significantly low T-score in the test made through QUS (p<0.05). Depending on ages, there was T-score difference among the subjects aged more than 40 year-old within significant range (p<0.05). When it came to the effect depending on heights and on weights, no group showed significant difference and in a group with less than 22.9 of BMI value, the T-score was measured significantly low when testing it through QCT while other groups were not affected by any testing methods. Likewise, it may require a different measurement method when it comes to the measurement of bone mineral density depending on sex, age, height, and BMI among patients. Thus, it suggests obtaining accurate data by conducting various testing methods in case of a special occasion.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.352-360
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• 2007

Several nutrients are known to affect bone mineral density (BMD). However, these nutrients are combined with food intake and dietary patterns and little is known about the association of dietary patterns and BMD. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with BMD in Korea Genome Epidemiology Study subjects. Among 2,884 women (40-69 yr) recruited at baseline study (2001), 861 subjects with BMD measurements at baseline and a 4-year follow up study (2005) completed the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. BMD was measured by the Quantitative Ultrasound method. One hundred three food items were combined into 17 food groups and 4 dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Cluster analysis using factor score classified each subject into one of three dietary pattern groups named 'Rice and kimchi eating' (n = 617), 'Contented eating' (n = 124), and 'Healthy and light eating' (n = 120). The 'Healthy and light eating' group, characterized by higher intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, and younger age, more exercise, higher education, and higher income than other groups. The tibia BMD of the 'Healthy and light eating' group was higher than the other groups after adjusting for the age. After the adjustment for the age BMI and exercise, the 'Healthy and light eating' group showed significantly lower odds of tibia osteopenia/osteoporosis risk compared to the 'Rice and kimchi eating' group both at the baseline [OR(95% CI) : 0.50(0.30-0.84)] and follow-up [OR(95% CI) : 0.59(0.36-0.97)] examinations. The dietary pattern with low calorie and high intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products may have beneficial effects on BMD in middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

Several kinds of low voltage cables have been used in nuclear power plants for the supply of electric power, supervision, and the propagation of control signals. These low voltage tables must be inspected for safe and stable operation of nuclear power plants. In particular, the degradation diagnosis to estimate the integrity of low voltage rabies has recently been emphasized according to the long use of nuclear power plants. In order to evaluate their degradation, the surrounding temperature, hardness of insulation material, elongation at breaking point (EAB), etc. have been used. However, the measurement of temperature or hardness is not useful because of the absence of quantitative criteria; the inspection of a sample requires turning off of the power plant power; and, the electrical inspection method is not sufficiently sensitive from the initial through the middle stage of degradation. In this research, based on the theory that the ultrasonic velocity changes with relation to the degradation of the material, we measured the ultrasonic velocity as low voltage cables were degraded. To this end, an ultrasonic degradation diagnosis device was developed and used to measure the ultrasonic velocity with the clothing on the cable, and it was confirmed that the ultrasonic velocity changes according to the degradation of low voltage cables. The low voltage cables used in nuclear power plants were degraded at an accelerated rate, and EAB was measured in a tensile test conducted after the measurement of ultrasonic velocity. With the increasing degradation degree, the ultrasonic velocity decreased, whose potential as a useful parameter for the quantitative degradation evaluation was thus confirmed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.158-166
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• 2011

In the present study, copper and nickel foams with an open-celled structure as trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms were used to investigate the dependencies of group velocity and attenuation coefficient on structural properties such as trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in trabecular bone. The group velocity and attenuation coefficient of the copper and nickel foams were measured by a through-transmission method in water, using a pair of broadband, unfocused transducers with a diameter of 12.7 mm and a center frequency of 1.0 MHz. The separation of the Biot's fast and slow waves was consistently observed in the ultrasonic signals transmitted through the copper and nickel foams. The group velocities of the copper and nickel foams showed highly positive correlations with Tb.Th and Tb.Sp. The attenuation coefficient of the copper foam showed a highly negative correlation with Tb.Th and Tb.Sp, whereas that of the nickle foam showed a highly positive correlation with Tb.Th and Tb.Sp. These results advance our understanding of those previously reported by other researchers using trabecular bone samples or phantoms.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.31.1-31.11
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the potential association of variation in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. IGFBP2 is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family that is involved in regulating growth, and it maps to a region of pig chromosome 15 containing significant quantitative trait loci that affect economically important trait phenotypes. Results: An IGFBP2 polymorphism was identified in the Michigan State University (MSU) Duroc ${\times}$ Pietrain $F_2$ resource population (n = 408), and pigs were genotyped by MspI PCR-RFLP. Subsequently, a Duroc pig population from the National Swine Registry, USA, (n = 326) was genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate assay. The IGFBP2 genotypic frequencies among the MSU resource population pigs were 3.43, 47.06 and 49.51 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. The genotypic frequencies for the Duroc pigs were 9.82, 47.85, and 42.33 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found in the MSU resource population for backfat thickness at $10^{th}$ rib and last rib as determined by ultrasound at 10, 13, 16 and 19 weeks of age, ADG from 10 to 22 weeks of age, and age to reach 105 kg. A genotype effect (P < 0.05) was also found for off test Longissimus muscle area in the Duroc population. Significant effects of IGFBP2 genotype (P < 0.05) were found for drip loss, 24 h postmortem pH, pH decline from 45 min to 24 h postmortem, subjective color score, CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and sensory panel scores for juiciness, tenderness, connective tissue and overall tenderness in MSU resource population pigs. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found for 45-min pH, CIE $L^*$ and color score in the Duroc population. Conclusions: Results of this study revealed associations of the IGFBP2 genotypes with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. The results indicate IGFBP2 as a potential candidate gene for growth rate, backfat thickness, loin muscle area and some pork quality traits.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between bone mineral density and nutrient intake among normal and obese elementary students. Each subject was assigned to one of such as normal (n = 69) and obese groups (n = 94) according to their obesity indices. And they were asked for general characteristics, dietary habits and nutrient intakes using questionnaires and 24-hr recall method. They measured the sound of speed (SOS) of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The averages age of the subjects were 10.6 years in normal and 10.7 years in obese group. The averages weight (p < 0.001) and obesity index (p < 0.001) of the normal group were significantly lower than those of the obese group. In dietary habits, the obese group in boys was the higher skipped breakfast than normal group (p < 0.01). The plant calcium intake of obesity in girls was lower than those of normal group (p < 0.05). The SOS in the calcaneus was 1697.6 m/s in the obese group and 1763.7 m/s in the normal group (p < 0.01). The SOS in the calcaneus was negatively correlated to weight (p < 0.01), obesity index (p < 0.001) and percent of body fat (p < 0.01). Also the SOS in the calcaneus was positively correlated plant calcium intake (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the excessive increase of weight and percent of body fat in elementary students appeared to have negative impact to bone health. And based on these results, further studies on the effects on bone mineral density of obese and nutrient intakes in needed for proper bone health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2015

Prostate ultrasound is used to diagnose prostate cancer, BPH, prostatitis and biopsy of prostate cancer to determine the size of prostate. BPH is one of the common disease in elderly men. Prostate is divided into 4 blocks, peripheral zone, central zone, transition zone, anterior fibromuscular stroma. BPH is histologically transition zone urethra accompanying excessive nodular hyperplasia causes a lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) caused by urethral closure as causing the hyperplastic nodule characterized finding progressive ambient. Therefore, in this study normal transition zone image for hyperplasia prostate and normal transition zone image is analyzed quantitatively using a computer algorithm. We applied texture features of GLCM to set normal tissue 60 cases and BPH tissue 60cases setting analysis area $50{\times}50pixels$ which was analyzed by comparing the six parameters for each partial image. Consequently, Disease recognition detection efficiency of Autocorrelation, Cluster prominence, entropy, Sum average, parameter were high as 92~98%.This could be confirmed by quantitative image analysis to nodular hyperplasia change transition zone of the prostate. This is expected secondary means to diagnose BPH and the data base will be considered in various prostate examination.