• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.410-416
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• 2007

This paper presents quantitative analysis of a training system based on an unstable platform and a visual interactive system for improving sense of equilibrium. The training system consists of an unstable platform, a force plate, a safety harness, a monitoring device, and a personal-computer. To confirm the effects of the training system, fifteen young volunteers and five elderly volunteers went through a series of balance training using the system. During the training, we measured relevant parameters such as the time a subject maintain his or her center of pressure on a target, the time a subject moves his or her center of pressure to the target, and the mean absolute deviation of the trace before and after training with this system and training programs to evaluate the effects of the training. The results showed that the training system can successfully assess the gradual improvement of the postural control capability of the subject in the system and showed a possibility of improving balance of the subject. Moreover, the significant improvement in the postural capability of the elderly subject suggests that elderly subjects can benefit more from the training using the system for the improvement of sense of equilibrium.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

새로운 제초성 N-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphthalimide 유도체의 구조변화에 따른 물리-화학 파라미터와 다루어진 바 없는 TOPKAT 프로그램으로 계산된 랫트 및 마우스 등의 급만성 독성에 관한 판별점수(DS) 및 치사율과의 관계(QSTR)를 정량적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과, 발암성은 랫트보다 마우스가 그리고 수컷보다는 암컷이 높은 경향이었다. $R_2$-기만이 변화하는 조건에서 Hansch-Fujita 식을 유도한 결과, 발암성에서 랫트 암컷을 제외한 마우스(암, 수) 및 랫트 수컷은 공통적으로 LUMO 에너지가 영향을 미치는 주 요인이었으며 마우스 암컷과 수컷의 발암성에 관한 선택성 요소는 주로 $R_2$-치환기 길이의 적정값(약 $(L)_{opt.}=5.0{\AA}$)에 의존적이었다. 또한, Free-Wilson 식으로부터 $R_2$-기의 기여도는 랫트 수컷의 경우, 탄화수소로 구성된 치환체가 그리고 그 이외의 경우에는 불소 치환체들의 기여도가 우세한 경향이었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2017

The concern on the greenhouse gas emissions is increasing globally. Especially, the greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancun Agreements Mexico in 1992 and the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Furthermore, the Korean government has a plan to reduce the GHG emissions as 5.2% compared to the BAU in fisheries until 2020. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries has not been executed much. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as the first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from the major coastal fisheries such as coastal gillnet fishery, coastal dual purpose fishery, coastal pots fishery and coastal small scale stow net fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from the fisheries using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the unit weight of fishes are also calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2018

Current reports suggest that obesity is a serious global health issue. Emerging evidence has predicted strong links between obesity and the human gut microbiota. However, only a few such studies have been conducted in Asia, and the gut microbiota of lean and obese adult Asians remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential relationship between gut microbiota, body massindex (BMI), and metabolic parameters in adults from Thailand, where obesity is increasing rapidly. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 42 volunteers who were allocated into lean, overweight, and obese groups. The fecal microbiota was examined by quantitative PCR analysis. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Staphylococcus spp. and methanogens were most abundant in lean volunteers. Overweight volunteers majorly harbored Christensenella minuta and Akkermansia muciniphila, ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$, and bacteria belonging to the genus Ruminococcus. Methanogens and bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were negatively correlated with adiposity markers (BMI and waist circumference), but positive correlated with high-density lipoprotein, suggesting that they can be used as leanness markers. While some of our results agree with those of previous reports, results regarding the contributions of specific taxa to obesity were inconsistent. This is the first study to report the adult gut microbiota in Southeast Asian populations using molecular techniques and biochemical markers and provides a foundation for future studies in this field.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.279-292
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• 2017

This study was aimed at ultrafiltration (UF) as a pretreatment before reverse osmosis (RO) within the scheme of hybrid reverse osmosis-multistage flush (RO-MSF) desalination. Seawater at elevated temperature (after MSF heat-exchangers) was used as a feed in this process. The pretreatment system was represented as a set of functionally-linked technological segments such as: UF filtration, backwashing, chemical- enhanced backwashing, cleaning, waste disposal, etc. The process represents the sequences of operating cycles. The cycle, in turn, consists of the following unit operations: filtration, backwashing and chemical-enhanced backwashing (CEB). Quantitative assessment was based on the following indicators: normalized permeability, transmembrane pressure, specific energy and water consumption, specific waste generation. UF pre-treatment is accompanied by the following waste streams: $W1=1.19{\times}10$ power of $-2m^3$ (disposed NaOCl with 0.0044% wt.)/$m^3$ (filtrate); $W2=5.95{\times}10$ power of $-3m^3$ (disposed $H_2SO_4$ with 0.052% wt.)/$m^3$(filtrate); $W3=7.26{\times}10$ power of $-2m^3$ (disposed sea water)/$m^3$ (filtrate). Specific energy consumption is $1.11{\times}10$ power of $-1kWh/m^3$ (filtrate). The indicators evaluated over the cycles with conventional (non-chemical) backwashing were compared with the cycles accompanied by CEB. A positive impact of CEB on performance indicators was demonstrated namely: normalized UF resistance remains unchanged within the regime accompanied by CEB, whereas the lack of CEB results in 30% of its growth. Those quantitative indicators can be incorporated into the target function for solving different optimization problems. They can be used in the software for optimisation of operating regimes or in the synthesis of optimal flow- diagram. The cycle characteristics, process parameters and water quality data are attached.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

The guidelines for indoor air quality of public transportations such as subway, train and bus was presented by Korean Ministry of Environment last end of year 2006 based on the great consequence of indoor air quality in daily life. Two main parameters, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) and particulate matters smaller than $10\;{\mu}m(PM_{10})$, were selected as index pollutants for the management of indoor air quality. The former pollutant, $CO_2$, is regarded as index of ventilation status and the major source of $CO_2$ in the train or subway is the exhalation of passengers. It is publically perceived that the high $CO_2$ concentration in a crowded subway will be reduced and ventilated with outdoor air by door-opening taken every 2 or 3 minutes when the train stops each station. However, there has not been any scientific proof and quantitative information on the effect of door-opening on the $CO_2$ reduction by ventilation with outdoor air. In this study, $CO_2$ concentration and number of passengers were measured at each station on the 3 lines of Korail metropolitan subway. In order to evaluate the effect of $CO_2$ reduction by door opening, the theoretical approach using the $CO_2$ balance equation was performed. By comparing the predicted data with monitoring one, the optimum $CO_2$ dilution factor was determined. For the first time, it was quantified that about 35% of $CO_2$ concentration in the subway indoor was removed by the door-opening at each station.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2000

This study was to investigate normal salivary flow rates and normal indices of Quantitative analysis of salivary scintigraphy. 96 adult volunteers were studied by Questionnaire evaluating salivary conditions and clinical examinations. 35(male 23, female 12, age range 23-31years) that absented subjective and objective symptoms related saliva were classified as normal group. The normal group underwent measurement unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates and salivary scintigraphy. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There were not significant in sex differences of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was $0.66{\pm}0.41g/min$, stimulated salivary flow rates was $1.61{\pm}0.69g/min$. 2. As comparing of parameters of salivary scintigraphy, the Uptake ratio(UR), $T_{max}$, $T_{min}$, Maximum accumulation (MA), Maximum secretion(MS) of parotid and submandibular glands were not significant in sex and side-ralated differences. 3. The UR, $T_{max}$, MA, MS of parotid gland were significantly higher than those of submandibular gland; in the parotid gland, UR, $3.67{\pm}0.88$, $T_{max}$, $18.77{\pm}0.43min$, MA, $41.35{\pm}9.22%$, MS, $43.13{\pm}9.13%$; in the submandibular gland, UR, $3.04{\pm}0.10$, $T_{max}$, $18.48{\pm}0.52min$, MA, $36.47{\pm}14.18%$, MS, $36.88{\pm}12.20%$. 4. As classifying of time-activity curve, the most of parotid gland was N-type(97.1%), submandibular gland was observed in order of M-type(67.1%), N-type(21.4%), F-type(11.4%), however, was not observed S-type. 5. As the type of time-activity curve of submandibular gland was more flattened, the UR, $T_{max}$, MA, MS were significantly decresed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3629-3634
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• 2013

In this study, an improved method for the quantitative analysis of ginkgolic acids (GAs) in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract was developed. The samples were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and 50 % ethanol, after which the chloroform extract was dried and reconstituted in methanol. GAs with 13:0, 15:1, and 17:1 in the extract were successfully separated within 40 min and determined with high throughput performance using an online column-switching HPLC method using an SP column C8 SG80 ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) and a Cadenza 5CD C18 column ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $3{\mu}m$). The developed HPLC method was validated for Ginkgo biloba leaf extract. The validation parameters were specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantitation (LODs and LOQs, respectively). It was found that all of the calibration curves showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.9993) within the tested ranges. The LODs and LOQs were all lower than $0.04{\mu}g/mL$. The established method was found to be simple, rapid, and high throughput for the quantitative analysis of GAs in ten commercial Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and dietary supplements. The samples were also analyzed in LC-electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) - multiple-ion reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to confirm the identification results that were obtained by the column switching HPLC-DAD method. The developed method is considered to be suitable for the routine quality control and safety assurance of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.846-853
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• 2006

In this study, quantitative sensitivity analysis on rockfill material influencing the dam crest displacement of Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam(CFRD) was carried out. The purpose of this study is to indicate the most important input parameter and to show the quantitative variation of displacement at the crest of CFR type dam with this input parameter. The rockfill material properties for parametric study were obtained from the results of large scale triaxial tests on 34 rockfill materials in the 22 different sites. From the statistical analysis on these data, some statistical characteristics of rockfill material properties such as property range, distribution characteristics, and correlation between the properties were investigated. based on these characteristics, 27 property combinations were constituted by Latin Hypercube sampling method. Dam crest displacements after construction, impounding, and earthquake loading were evaluated by static and dynamic numerical analysis on each combination. From the sensitivity analysis, it was found that the crest displacement of CFR type dam was absolutely affected by the shear modulus of rockfill material and the effect of friction angle of it was negligible. This relative difference of sensitivity was more outstanding in case of crest settlement than in case of crest horizontal displacement. Also, it was found that the settlement and horizontal displacement of dam crest logarithmically decreased as the shear modulus increased and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum vale amounted to about 9.5 times in case of settlement and about 10 times in case of horizontal displacement.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 1998

A new set of functional group interaction energy descriptors relevant to the ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitory peptide, QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships), is presented. The functional group interaction energies approximate the charged interactions and distances between functional groups in molecules. The effective energies of the computationally derived geometries are useful parameters for deriving 3D-QSAR models, especially in the absence of experimentally known active site conformation. ACE is a regulatory zinc protease in the renin-angiotensin system. Therapeutic inhibition of this enzyme has proven to be a very effective treatment for the management of hypertension. The non bond interaction energy values among functional groups of six-feature of ACE inhibitory peptides were used as descriptor terms and analyzed for multivariate correlation with ACE inhibition activity. The functional group interaction energy descriptors used in the regression analysis were obtained by a series of inhibitor structures derived from molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. The descriptors calculated using electrostatic and steric fields from the precisely defined functional group were sufficient to explain the biological activity of inhibitor. Application of the descriptors to the inhibition of ACE indicates that the derived QSAR has good predicting ability and provides insight into the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. The method, functional group interaction energy analysis, is expected to be applicable to predict enzyme inhibitory activity of the rationally designed inhibitors.