• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.91-114
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• 2020

Due to the settlement of the ICT environment and the widespread dissemination of Net media, the quantitative digital divide based on access to information has evolved into the formation of a qualitative digital divide. In the current information environment where enormous amounts of information exist on the Internet, there is a deeper intellectual digital divide that is different from the existing quantitative and qualitative digital divide. This study identified the changes in digital divide resulted from the evolution of information environment and empirically verified the formation of the intellectual digital divide. It also demonstrated that the intellectual digital divide is not distinct from the existing quantitative and qualitative digital divide, but from differences in the intellectual capacity of the information based on the factors of the existing digital divide. In particular, it was confirmed that the educational and economic levels, which have been the key factors of the traditional digital divide, still form the quantitative and qualitative digital divide, and also act as the key factors in the formation of the intellectual digital divide.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.11
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• pp.1644-1649
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• 2018

Aiming at infrared thermal images with different buried depth defects, we study a variety of image segmentation algorithms based on the threshold to develop global search ability and the ability to find the defect area accurately. Firstly, the iterative thresholding method, the maximum entropy method, the minimum error method, the Ostu method and the minimum skewness method are applied to image segmentation of the same infrared thermal image. The study shows that the maximum entropy method and the minimum error method have strong global search capability and can simultaneously extract defects at different depths. However none of these five methods can accurately calculate the defect area at different depths. In order to solve this problem, we put forward a strategy of "divide and conquer". The infrared thermal image is divided into several local thermal maps, with each map containing only one defect, and the defect area is calculated after local image processing of the different buried defects one by one. The results show that, under the "divide and conquer" strategy, the iterative threshold method and the Ostu method have the advantage of high precision and can accurately extract the area of different defects at different depths, with an error of less than 5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.201-207
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• 2010

In this study, the SIP (Soil-cement Injected precast Pile) method among the Low-vibration & Low-noise pile driving methods was decided into study compensation. Ground vibrations by the SIP methods step by step divide and were analyzed. Quantitative response values and ground vibration equations with reliability were presented from findings of this study. Also, vibration responses that are occurred by the SIP method of construction were compared as quantitative with vibration responses by general method of construction that are presented in existent study. Ground vibration values by the SIP method correspond to level of 17 ~ 57% of values that are assumed by the Attewell & Famer's equation, respectively, and these result compares in reliability 50% and separated distance 10 ~ 50 m. Also, those values were analyzed that correspond to level of 14 ~ 96% of ground vibration values by the Prof. Park's equation, respectively. Construction limit extents, separation distances from vibration occurs position, were presented that can satisfy domestic criteria for vibration control for the SIP methods. Those presented in this paper were divided newly according to reliability.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.175-184
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• 2007

LOD scores and a permutation test for detecting and locating quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the Hanwoo economic trait have been described and we selected a considerable major BMS1167 locus for further analysis. K-means clustering analysis, for the major DNA marker mining of BMS1167 microsatellite loci in Hanwoo chromosome17, has been tried and three cluster groups divide four traits. The three cluster groups are classified according to eight DNA marker bps. Finally, we employed the bootstrap test method to calculate confidence intervals using the resampling method to find major DNA markers. We conclude that the major marker of BMS1167 locus in Hanwoo chromosome17 is only DNA marker 100bp.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.5
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• pp.90-102
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• 1993

In this paper, we propose a prgressive image transmission technique using hierarchical pyramid data structure which is constructed based on the projection data of an image. To construct hierarchical Gaussian pyramids, we first divide an image into 4$\times$4 subblocks and generate the projection data of each block along the horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and antidiagonal directions. Among images reconstructed by backprojecting the projection data along a single direction, the one giving the minimum distortion is selected. The Gaussian pyramid is recursively generated by the proposed algorithm and the proposed Gaussian images are shown to preserve edge information well. Also, based on the projection concept a new transmission scheme of the lowest Laplacian plane is presented. Computer simulation shows that the quantitative performance of the proposed pyramid coding technique using projection concept is similar to those of the conventional methods with transmission rate reduced by 0.1 ~ 0.2 bpp and its subjective performance is shown to be better due to the edge preserving property of a projection operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.158-170
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• 1998

In this study, we divide greenspace in Suwon city into three parts, that is, the conservation part, the maintenance part and the creation part by considering the quantitative aspect of greenspace and the present targets. To do it, two steps are taken. Firstly, assuming that the target year is 2007, the final target of greenspace area is established by combining targets presented in present state survey, the evaluation of resident perception and the future population estimates. The target of greenspace area in present state survey is 7,887,062$m^2$+$\alpha$ and that of greenspace area demanded in the evaluation of resident perception is 8,242,419$m^2$. Demand of greenspace area based on population estimates is 4,227,513$m^2$. When the greenspace needed in the city is added, the target may be more than 8,242,419$m^2$ which is demanded in the evaluation of resident perception. Outcome of the present state survey, 7,887,062$m^2$ + $\alpha$, is considered to be enough to accomodate the greenspace area demanded in the evaluation of resident perception and the population estimates. Therefore, targets of greenspace in Suwon City was established based on the area of greenspace analyzed in the present state survey. Secondly, the target of greenspace is divided into three parts, that is, the conservation part, the maintenance part and creation part. And the methods to attain the target are presented. In order to set desirable targets of urban greenspace, it is necessary to combine the outcome of present state survey, the resident perception, the population estimates and the various urban conditions. If the results of this study are applied to the urban planning or other related planning, the urban ecosystem will be protected and the biotope will be created.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Space is integrated or segment with organic formation by circulation path. It estimates important problem to grasp as factor that promote movement of visitor and space organization without grasping circulation as connection relation about simple space function from these viewpoint, is a thing which this study does not cause confusion to visitor's circulation path through data that analyze form of space connection and visitor's circulation path as quantitative in museum space and layout form that access by easy each unit exhibition grasps what it is. This study does factor grasping for guideline and inspection circulation path of layout by purpose in exhibition space on the basis of analytical result that grasps connection form between exhibition area that grasp laying stress on visitor's movement and appears in space through follow-up survey for circulation path of museum exhibition area. Space connection form that is expose by sequence of investigation and analysis(II) estimates on constituent affecting to visitor's circulation, and these do not speak for all space connection forms at the museum, but may systematize typology about connection form of unit spaces to utilize by indicator pointer of space planning if continue study to various spatial sphere more than hereafter. Unit exhibition area, divide connection form of space by grid and tree and laying stress on this quantitative data by spectator follow-up survey comparison and Estimate that space connection form provides partial basis of judgement for supposition that can promote direction and circulation path about visitor's movement if summarize result of investigation and analysis (III).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.188-199
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• 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with increased prevalence in the elderly. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosome, which progressively shorten as cells divide. Telomere length is known to be a molecular marker of aging. This study aimed to assess the relationship between telomere length and the risk of COPD, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and emphysema index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Dusty Areas (CODA) cohort. Methods: We extracted DNA from the peripheral blood samples of 446 participants, including 285 COPD patients and 161 control participants. We measured absolute telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All participants underwent spirometry and quantitative computed tomography scan. Questionnaires assessing respiratory symptoms and the COPD Assessment Test was filled by all the participants. Results: The mean age of participants at the baseline visit was 72.5±7.1 years. Males accounted for 72% (321 participants) of the all participants. The mean telomere length was lower in the COPD group compared to the non-COPD group (COPD, 16.81±13.90 kb; non-COPD, 21.97±14.43 kb). In COPD patients, 112 (75.7%) were distributed as tertile 1 (shortest), 91 (61.1%) as tertile 2 and 82 (55%) as tertile 3 (longest). We did not find significant associations between telomere length and lung function, exacerbation, airway wall thickness, and emphysema index after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between various COPD phenotypes and telomere length was analyzed, but no significant statistical associations were shown.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.824-832
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• 1998

The significant additional path loss is caused by scattering, diffraction, and attenuation of propagation. Most of the wave propagation models for rural areas mainly have considered the influence of topography but ignored the effects due to land usage. The goal of this paper is development of the field strength prediction program for Cheju which is used the contour map and the effects due to land usage. In oder to classify the propagation path and divide the environment of land, data of the terrain and the land-cover are formed into a pixel. Two-ray model is transformed into equivalent model by the predicted reflection coefficient and the slope of terrain. For non line of sight, the additional loss is determined by quantitative analysis. The result show good accord and the wave propagation model program can be applied to predicted the service region in rural area of Cheju.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2024

This paper introduces collective navigation through a narrow gap using a curriculum-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Collective navigation in complex environments is essential for various applications such as search and rescue, environment monitoring and military tasks operations. Conventional methods, which are easily interpretable from an engineering perspective, divide the navigation tasks into mapping, planning, and control; however, they struggle with increased latency and unmodeled environmental factors. Recently, learning-based methods have addressed these problems by employing the end-to-end framework with neural networks. Nonetheless, most existing learning-based approaches face challenges in complex scenarios particularly for navigating through a narrow gap or when a leader or informed UAV is unavailable. Our approach uses the information of a certain number of nearest neighboring UAVs and incorporates a task-specific curriculum to reduce learning time and train a robust model. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through an ablation study and quantitative metrics. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods.