• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.349-365
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• 1997

Using data obtained from 1, 473 adults aged 18-68 yrs, residing in large cities and by use of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the relative importance of various foods as indicators of both the amount and the variability of selected nutrient intake to develop a simple food frequency questionnaire. Since Cronba- ch's alpha value of the questionnaire including 78 food items was 0.76, the reliability of this questionnaire was acceptable. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population could be explained by the small number of food items. The estimation of dietary nutrient intake such as total calories or protein content, which are derived from almost all foods, will require more food items with nutrients such as calcium or vitamin A, which are concentrated in a few food items. A dietary history ascertaining the intake of as few as 5-19 food items mighted be all needed in order to determent the associa- tion between disease outcome and the intake of a single nutrient. There was certainly a high level of agreement with nutrient intake by the sbujects who were cross-classified by quartiles of nutrient indices based on all the food items(78) and by quartiles of nutrient indices based on food items selected by stepwise multiple regression for selected nutrients. The data provided further evidence that useful information on dietary intake over an extended period can be obtained by a simple and relatively inexpensive food frequency questionnaire.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

This study tried to develop a basis for quantitative index of working postures associated with WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders) that could overcome realistic restriction during application of typical checklists for WMSDs evaluation. The baseline data for this study was obtained from automobile manufacturing company(A total of 603 jobs were observed). Specifically, data for shoulder postures was analyzed to have a better and more objective method in terms of job relevance than typical methods such as OWAS, RULA, and REBA. Major statistical tools were Clustering, Logistic regression and so on. The main results in this study could be summarized as follows; 1) The relationships between working postures and WMSDs symptoms at shoulder were statistically significant based on the results from logistic regression. 2) Based on clustering analysis, three levels for WMSDs risk at shoulder were produced for both flexion and abduction were statistically significant. Specific results were as follows; Shoulder flexion: low risk(< $37.7^{\circ}$), medium risk($37.7^{\circ}{\sim}70.0^{\circ}$), high risk(> $70.0^{\circ}$) Shoulder abduction: low risk(< $26.5^{\circ}$), medium risk($26.5^{\circ}{\sim}56.8^{\circ}$), high risk(> $56.8^{\circ}$). 3) The sensitivities on risk levels of shoulder flexion and abduction were 64.0% and 20.6% respectively while the specificities on risk levels of shoulder flexion and abduction were 99.1% and 99.3% respectively. The results showed that the data associated with shoulder postures in this study could provide a good basis for job evaluation of WMSDs at shoulder. Specifically, this evaluation methodology was different from the methods usually used at WMSDs study since it tried to be based on direct job relevance from real working situation. Further evaluation for other body parts as well as shoulder would provide more stability and reliability in WMSDs evaluation study.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing folate intake in women of reproductive age. We developed a 30-item FFQ, and tested the reliability and validity in 97 women aged between 20 and 39 yrs using the FFQs and 24-h recalls, which were carried out twice, respectively. Assessing the reliability, the correlation coefficients were 0.53 (Spearman's) and 0.49 (Pearson's) for folate. There was no significant difference of folate intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. 36.1% subjects were classified into the same quartile and 83.5% into the same or adjacent quartile divided by folate intake. On determining the validity, the mean folate intake obtained from the FFQ (FFQ1) and 24h-recalls (2-d) were $306.6{\pm}167.2{\mu}g/d$ and $326.9{\pm}103.3{\mu}g/d$, respectively. There was no significant difference between folate intakes from the two methods. The correlation coefficients for folate were 0.24 (Spearman's) and 0.26 (Pearson's). 39.2% of the subjects were categorized into the same quartile and 70.1% were into the same or adjacent quartile. In addition, sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (62.3%) were estimated to evaluate the adequacy of folate intake. These results suggest that this FFQ would be a useful and a valuable instrument to assess the intake of folate among the Korean women of child-bearing age.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제4권12호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2015

다양한 안개 제거 기술이 개발되어왔으나 이들의 성능을 정량 정성적으로 평가하는 방식에 대한 연구는 다소 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 안개 제거 기술의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 사용할 수 있는 다양한 척도를 살펴본다. 성능 척도의 신뢰도 검증을 위하여, 고화질 칼라 깊이 영상을 이용하여 안개 영상을 합성하고 안개 제거 영상과 원 영상을 비교하는 방식을 택한다. 한편 안개 제거 기술을 화질을 기준으로 평가하는 방식이 아닌, 안개 제거 전 후 영상에 대한 컴퓨터 비전 기법의 성능을 비교하는 방식을 검토한다. 다양한 안개 제거 기술 성능 척도에 대한 비교 분석 및 문제점에 대한 해결 방안을 토의한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.757-766
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• 1985

본 연구에서는 기계공업 분야에서 많이 이용되는 구조용 합금강인 Cr-Mo강 (SCM4)과 쾌삭강(SUM31, SUM24L)과의 이종강봉 마찰용접에서 소성변형중에 발생된 초 기 AE량과 용접 품질(강도)제어 사이에 역시 정량적 상관성이 성립함을 용접 회전수, 용접에너지, 용접 업셋 및 용접 시간 등을 매개 변수로 하여 실험과 계산을 통해 입증 하고, 이를 상관식의 95% 신뢰성을 확인한 후, 본 연구의 최종 목적으로서, 마찰용접 평가의 자동화가 이루어지게 하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2013

A key input for the assessment of Human Error Probabilities (HEPs) with Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) methods is the evaluation of the factors influencing the human performance (often referred to as Performance Shaping Factors, PSFs). In general, the definition of these factors and the supporting guidance are such that their evaluation involves significant subjectivity. This affects the repeatability of HRA results as well as the collection of HRA data for model construction and verification. In this context, the present paper considers the TAsk COMplexity (TACOM) measure, developed by one of the authors to quantify the complexity of procedure-guided tasks (by the operating crew of nuclear power plants in emergency situations), and evaluates its use to represent (objectively and quantitatively) task complexity issues relevant to HRA methods. In particular, TACOM scores are calculated for five Human Failure Events (HFEs) for which empirical evidence on the HEPs (albeit with large uncertainty) and influencing factors are available - from the International HRA Empirical Study. The empirical evaluation has shown promising results. The TACOM score increases as the empirical HEP of the selected HFEs increases. Except for one case, TACOM scores are well distinguished if related to different difficulty categories (e.g., "easy" vs. "somewhat difficult"), while values corresponding to tasks within the same category are very close. Despite some important limitations related to the small number of HFEs investigated and the large uncertainty in their HEPs, this paper presents one of few attempts to empirically study the effect of a performance shaping factor on the human error probability. This type of study is important to enhance the empirical basis of HRA methods, to make sure that 1) the definitions of the PSFs cover the influences important for HRA (i.e., influencing the error probability), and 2) the quantitative relationships among PSFs and error probability are adequately represented.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2001

암반사면의 안정성 평가에 있어서 경험적 평가에 중점을 둔 RMR분류법과 여러 가지 변수들을 이용한 평가방법인 평사투영·한계평형·유한차분·개별요소해석을 실시하였다. 그리고 여러 가지 암반사면의 안정성에 영향을 미치는 변수들의 불확실성을 고려할 수 있는 점추정법에 의한 신뢰성해석과 더불어 퍼지언어를 이용한 퍼지근사추론법의 구조화에 따른 평가방법을 비교·분석 하였다. 그 결과 점추정법의 신뢰성해석을 전 구간의 안정성을 평가 할 수 있으며 퍼지근사추론법에 의한 안정성평가는 다른 기존의 안정성해석 결과와 전반적으로 일치함을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이 RMR분류·평사투영·한계평형·유한차분·개별요소해석과 점추정법의 신뢰성해석, 퍼지근사추론법을 병행하면 암반사면의 특수성을 체계적이고 종합적으로 평가할 수 있다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2011

신경 손상 정도를 평가하기 위한 정량적감각평가(Quantitative Sensory Testing, QST) 방법 중 하나인 전류인지역치(Current Perception Threshold, CPT) 검사는 비교적 짧은 시간 내에 3가지 감각신경, 2000 Hz(A${\beta}$ fiber), 250 Hz(A${\delta}$ fiber), 5 Hz(C fiber)에 대한 기능을 평가 할 수 있다고 알려져 있지만, 그 재현성에 대해서는 여전히 상반된 견해가 존재한다. 본 연구는 CPT 검사의 재현성을 확인하고, 재현성을 향상시키기 위한 방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 건강한 남성 지원자 10명(평균 22.4세)을 대상으로 3주 동안 1주일 간격으로 2명의 검사자가 하악신경 영역을 각각 좌우로 나누어 3회 측정하여 비교 하였다. 3주에 걸친 측정 실험에서 2000 Hz(A${\beta}$ fiber)의 CPT는 3회 모두 좌우 측정치가 차이를 보인 반면(p<0.05), 250Hz(A${\delta}$ fiber)는 1회만 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), 5 Hz(C fiber)는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 좌우를 나누어 3회의 실험을 비교했을 때 모든 신경 검사에서 첫 회의 CPT가 가장 낮았으며, 250 Hz(A${\delta}$ fiber)와 5 Hz(C fiber)의 CPT는 첫 번째 실험과 나머지 실험사이에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), 두 번째 실험 이후로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 상기의 결과로 보아 2000 Hz(A${\beta}$ fiber)의 CPT를 이용한 좌우 신경의 기능 비교는 적절하지 않은 반면, 250 Hz(A${\delta}$ fiber)와 5 Hz(C fiber)에서는 좌우 비교가 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 반복 측정을 통해 250 Hz(A${\delta}$ fiber)와 5 Hz(C fiber)의 CPT 검사의 재현성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.523-534
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to categorize the dimensions of the visual evaluation of the costume details of the retro romantic fashion and to research on the costume details and the visual evaluation by evaluators' gender, age, and major, and on their preferences. Quantitative research were conducted for this study. Based on the pictures, 10 costume details were selected for the survey questions and data were collected. All 446 subjects who participated in this research were college students(males and females) residing in or near Seoul. Data were collected in September, 2008. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS which included: factor analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$ reliability analysis, three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range tests, and the t-test. The results of visual evaluation of retro romantic fashion are as follows: First, as a result of the factor analysis of the costume detail evaluation, five factors including attractiveness, decorativeness, cuteness, retro, and femininity surfaced. Second, the gender difference in the results of the research revealed that women rated decorative, cute, retro, and feminine characteristics higher than men did. Third, there were significant interactive effects in attractiveness and femininity depending on costume details and evaluators' gender. Fourth, subjects majoring in fashion valued attractiveness and femininity of the stimulus over non-fashion majoring subjects. Fifth, there were significant differences in the preferences of costume details depending on gender.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2003

Apparent mechanical properties in structural components can be different from the initially designed values due to the formation of the residual stress in metal forming and welding. Therefore, the evaluation of residual stress has great importance in the reliability diagnosis of structural components. A nondestructive instrumented indentation technique has been proposed to evaluate various strength concerning mechanical properties from the analysis of load-depth curve. In this study, quantitative residual stress estimation on API X65 welded joints for natural gas pipeline was performed by analyzing the variation of indentation loading curve by residual stress through a new proposed theoretical model. The residual stress from the indentation method was compared with that from the saw-cutting method.