• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2013

A quantitative method using ultra performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (UPLCPDA) was established for the analysis of 2 major plant metabolites: ${\beta}$-asarone and ${\alpha}$-asarone from Acorus gramineus, A. tatarinowii, A. calamus and Anemone altaica, and their contents are compared with other herbs of Acorus species. The method was validated according to the International Conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline for validation of analytical procedures with respect to precision, accuracy, and linearity. The average content of ${\beta}$-asarone in Acorus gramineus was significantly higher than that in others, with the second highest concentration observed in A. tatarinowii, and only a trace amounts found in A. calamus and Anemone altaica. In contrast, the average content of ${\alpha}$-asarone in A. calamus was the highest, followed by that in Acorus gramineus and A. tatarinowii. principle component analysis (PCA) confirmed that ${\beta}$-asarone and ${\alpha}$-asarone content differed among the species. These results suggest that this UPLC-PDA method can be considered as good quality control criteria for Acorus gramineus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.115-141
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• 2011

In urban space, public space is publicly or privately owned space freely accessible by the public. Privately owned public space to the public hosts small-scale rest facilities to serve the public in buildings of certain purposes and sizes for the sake of pleasant urban environment. The Building Act and building ordinances formulate a set of criteria for management and easement of construction standards as well as the area. When creating privately owned public space, one can get incentives through the easement of floor space index and height limit. The purposes of this study were to investigate and analyze privately owned public open space, which is freely accessible by the public, and its adjacent streets and to propose plans to improve the regulations for securing privately owned public space for more rational and practical legal applications. The study then proposed some plans to help to increase the quality of privately owned public space including applying the coefficient to suggest the type of privately owned public space fit for the features of the streets and measure the appropriate utility level differently and distinguishing the mandatory items according to the facility regulations in privately owned public space from the ones qualified for additional points in case of installation. The types of privately owned public open space should be applied differently and the content of facilities intended should be different according to whether it will serve as a resting place or grant more importance on traffic by walking, depending on the features of its adjacent streets. The privately owned public space, the frontage space of building, and the adjacent sidewalks should become a whole and be regarded as one space from the integrated perspective. The results of the study claim further significance in that it investigated privately owned open space and roadside across Seoul. They will serve as useful data to solve the problems with the privately owned public space of the city, which destroys spatial continuity by focusing on the quantitative increase of privately owned open space and creating individual privately owned open spaces and builds high-rise buildings alienated from the existing spaces, and to increase the quality of future privately owned public space.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.322-333
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• 2018

This study was carried out to measure atmospheric environmental improvement effect and estimate its social benefit of thermal power plants through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for quantitative analysis about operational performances of EIA. In this study, 'EIA outcome' is defined as whether or not the system is implemented, therefore, environmental standard to be followed by each project and consultation contents were compared. In total 60 cases of thermal power plant construction projects that have been consulted over the past 10 years since 2010, major air pollutants have been significantly reduced after the implementation of EIA. The $PM_{10}$ reduced annual 3,745 tons, $NO_2$ by 74,569 tons, and $SO_2$ by 37,647 tons, which were estimated at approximately 240 billion won~5 trillion 967 billion won per year for social benefit. This means the total cost of power plant operations will be cut to 7 trillion 192 billion won~178 trillion 994 billion won over a 30-year period. The reduced amount of air pollutants emitted by energy generation facilities across the country is worth 50%, and its economic value is larger than the annual Current Health Expenditure in Korea. This is meant by the fact that all projects are subject to uniform criteria under the existing relevant regulation, but that each project plans are optimized according to the characteristics of target areas and projects through the process of EIA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2006

To High Throughput Screening (HTS), a homogeneous fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed for the quantitative determination of ochratoxin A(OTA) using a $Victor^3$ (PerkinElmer). The homologous tracer, fluorescein-labelled OTA-EDF were synthesized and a specific OTA antibody has been used in the development of the method. It allowed the determination of OTA in the concentration range 0.5-200 ng/ml, with the detection limit of 0.3 ng/ml. The method developed was highly specific and reproducible. OTA spikes in unpolished rice extracts were determinable by FPIA with good recovery. For naturally contaminated unpolished rice samples some disagreement was observed between the results obtained by FPIA and HPLC, which could be related to the a little matrix effect observed for FPIA. Further research is needed to validate the procedure. On the basis of these initial results, this FPIA appears to meet the performance criteria for OTA screening of food samples without a complicated clean-up.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.102-110
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• 2010

The reliability evaluation may be a efficient method for estimating of the quantitative structural safety considering the effect of uncertainties included in high-speed railway bridges. The expected life-cycle cost(LCC) based upon the reliability evaluation will reasonably offer the safety level and design criteria of high-speed railway bridges. Therefore, this study determined the expected life-cycle cost and optimal design method of high-speed railway bridges on the basis of the result of the numerical analysis and reliability evaluation. For this, after creating various design method based upon the standard design of high-speed railway bridges, the numerical analysis is conducted on each of the alternative design methods. The reliability evaluation by the design strength limit state function is conducted considering the effect of external uncertainties on the basis of the numerical analysis result. The expected life-cycle cost of high-speed railway bridges is calculated on the basis of the reliability evaluation result by each of the alternative design methods. Also, the optimal design method is determined using the calculated expected life-cycle cost. In addition, The result of reliability evaluation and expected life-cycle cost of optimal design method are examined considering the effect of internal uncertainties. It is expected that the result of this study can be used as a basic information for the systematic safety evaluation and optimal structure design of high-speed railway bridges.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.671-681
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• 2002

The idea that parental involvement has a positive influence on gifted children is so intuitively appearing that society in general. and educators in particular, have considered parental involvement as the remedy for many problems in education. However the vast proportion of the literatures in this area give results qualitatively. Among the empirical studies that have investigated this issue quantitatively, there appear to be considerable inconsistencies. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the quantitative literatures about the relationship between parental involvement and gifted development. The findings reveal a moderate relationship between parental involvement and gifted development. We focused on the effect between parental involvement and gifted development, and conducted meta-analysis involving correlation coefficients between the two constructs. Using correlation coefficients, We can get the effect size, and explain the influence. We initially identified 539 articles over twelve-year period. Based on abstracts of these 539 articles, 463 studies were used for analyzing the current stream of the study. Finally, 15 studies met our inclusion criteria, and were subsequently used in this meta-analysis. From the 15 studies, 37 variables influenced on gifted development were collected. Using meta-analysis, it is revealed that internal effects for gifted development have stronger relationship than parents' socioeconomic status. In addition, the differences between female and male student have been reducing.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

Narcolepsy is characterized by sleep attack with excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucination. Paradoxically, narcoleptics tend to complain of frequent arousals and shallow sleep during the night time despite their excessive sleepiness. However, nocturnal sleep fragmentation in narcoleptics is relatively ignored in treatment strategies, compared with sleep attack/EDS and cataplexy. In our paper, we attempted to investigate further on the poor nocturnal sleep in narcoleptics and to discuss possible treatment interventions. Out of consecutively seen patients at Seoul National University Sleep Disorders Clinic and Division of Sleep Studies, we recruited 57 patients, clinically assessed as having sleep attack and/or EDS. Nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test(MSLT) were done in each of the subjects. We selected 19 subjects finally diagnosed as narcolepsy(mean age $26.0{\pm}18.3$ years, 16 men and 3 women) for this study, depending on the nocturnal polysomnographic and MSLT findings as well as clinical history and symptomatology. Any subject co-morbid with other hypersomnic sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or periodic limb movements during sleep was excluded. Sleep staging was done using Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria. Sleep parameters were calculated using PSDENT program(Stanford Sleep Clinic, version 1.2) and were compared with the age-matched normal values provided in the program. In narcoleptics, compared with the normal controls, total wake time was found to be significantly increased with significantly decreased sleep efficiency(p<.01, p<.05, respectively), despite no difference of sleep period time and total sleep time between the two groups. Stage 2 sleep%(p<.05), slow wave sleep%(p<.05), and REM sleep%(p<.01) were found to be significantly decreased in narcoleptics compared with normal controls, accompanied by the significant increase of stage 1 sleep%(p<.01). Age showed negative correlation with slow wave sleep%(p<.05). The findings in the present study indicate significant fragmentation of nocturnal sleep in narcoleptics. Reduction of REM sleep% and the total number of REM sleep periods suggests the disturbance of nocturnal REM sleep distribution in narcoleptics. No significant correlations between nocturnal polysomnographic and MSLT variables in narcoleptics suggest that nocturnal sleep disturbance in narcoleptics may be dealt with, in itself, in diagnosing and managing narcolepsy. With the objective demonstration of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of nocturnal and daytime sleep in narcoleptics, we suggest that more attention be paid to the nocturnal sleep fragmentation in narcoleptics and that appropriate treatment interventions such as active drug therapy and/or circadian rhythm-oriented sleep hygiene education be applied as needed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.29
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• pp.233-269
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to explore the characteristics of lawsuits against investigative reporting programs of the broadcast media. This study proposed three research questions: (1) what were the characteristics of court derisions on the investigative reporting programs? (2) what were the reasonings on which judges rely in the lawsuits for a right of reply? (3) what were the critical issues and how the libel laws were applied in balancing between the freedom of the press and the protection of individual rights. To answer these questions, the study employed quantitative and qualitative methods analysing 35 related cases. This study revealed that investigative reporting programs must deal with the Issues of 'public figures' and 'matters of public concern' to be protected under the freedom of the press. The study also found that the broadcast media must prove legitimate public interests and the truth of the facts to prevail in a case. In 1999, the Constitutional Court of Korea held that pubic figures in libel cases must be regarded differently from private figures. In accordance with the decision, the Supreme Court has applied differing criteria for public figures in libel cases. However, courts have not set a clear definition of the public figure yet. To advocate the freedom of the press, as the results of this study indicate, TV producers and journalists should behave lawfully in the course of newsgathering and provide the opportunities of reply for their news sources.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.813-826
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effects of the Smart Water City (SWC) project that was introduced from 2014 to 2016 in Paju City, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, focusing on the achievement of the business goals. The SWC is referred to as a city that embraces a healthy water supply system based on Smart Water Management (SWM) that promotes the efficiency of water management by combining Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) with water and sewerage facilities. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the SWC project, this study deploys evaluation criteria corresponding to the project objectives, and analyzes the outputs before and after the project. The results show that the SWC has contributed to enhancing water supply services and the reliability and drinking rate of tap water. Specific improvement areas include the rise of average water flow rate and water leakage reduction, the diffusion of water quality monitoring system, and the reduction of floating particle concentration and turbidity in drainage pipes was achieved. These were possible because of specific implementation plans for clear goal setting and achievement and active services for citizens. The data related to water quantity and quality showed improved performance compared to before the introduction of SWMS, which is a positive effect. However, a quantitative analysis of the outputs has limitations in identifying other external factors that have led to the changes. In the future, guidelines for spreading SWC and more comprehensive and specific evaluation indicators for SWC should be prepared, and SWMS should be developed in consideration of the needs of users.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Domestic cooperatives tend to increase during the establishment of cooperatives and gradually through the basic law of social needs. However, only cooperatives' qualitative grow this secured without blessings, and their quantitative growth through government support is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the agricultural cooperatives established through the Distribution System Cooperatives Basic Law, which was enacted in January 2012. Subsequently, establishing agricultural cooperatives was done briskly. However, cooperatives established rapidly after the founding of the Basic Law encountered problems. Research design, data, and methodology - To assess the performance of selected agricultural cooperatives, data were analyzed using the methodological Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The AHP is a set of systematic procedures to hierarchically analyze the elements of any problem. Using a survey on expertise, a series of comparative determinations of each pair is performed to evaluate the relative strengths and the strengths of the impact between elements within the hierarchy. A survey was conducted on 10 small agricultural cooperatives using AHP analysis for the examination. The purpose of such research and analysis is to recommend a direction for future policies aimed at small agricultural cooperatives. Result - This study applied three types of policy evaluation criterion, including market expansions, organizations, and cooperative projects, and 12 types of small agricultural cooperative policy measures. Market expansion policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four categories: school meals, direct transactions, shopping malls, and wholesale markets. Organizational policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four types: existing sales channel management, education, preventing free riding, and enlarging members. Cooperative project policies in agricultural cooperatives are classified into four policy areas: cooperation between cooperatives, community contribution, joint businesses, and government links. In this paper, the growth priority in agricultural cooperative policies is analyzed by applying policy evaluation criteria on the basis of a survey on expertise. The priorities of the policy program are also analyzed using a decision analytic hierarchy process. The results indicate that market expansion is the most important policy evaluation criterion therefore, improving direct transactions, school meals, management of existing sales channels, and shopping malls are crucial policy measures. In contrast, the cooperation of cooperatives, expansion of union members, and cooperation with the government were found to have low priority. Conclusions - Agricultural cooperatives should develop plans as follows. Small agricultural cooperatives need to secure school meals and direct transactions for market expansion, restructure marketing strategies to manage existing sales channels, and, finally, increase education and training for sustainable organizational development. This study has the following limitations. Because the subject of the investigation is a new cooperative, determining its sustainable growth is difficult. Therefore, through analysis and a continuous study of cooperatives, future research is expected to show that modifying the direction of agriculture cooperatives is necessary.