• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.795-803
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• 2014

To withstand ever-changing environmental stresses, plants are equipped with phytohormone-mediated stress resistance mechanisms. Salt stress triggers abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, which enhances stress tolerance at the expense of growth. ABA is thought to inhibit the action of growth-promoting hormones, including brassinosteroids (BRs). However, the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate ABA and BR activity remain to be discovered. We noticed that ABA-treated seedlings exhibited small, round leaves and short roots, a phenotype that is characteristic of the BR signaling mutant, brassinosteroid insensitive1-9 (bri1-9). To identify genes that are antagonistically regulated by ABA and BRs, we examined published Arabidopsis microarray data sets. Of the list of genes identified, those upregulated by ABA but downregulated by BRs were enriched with a BRRE motif in their promoter sequences. After validating the microarray data using quantitative RT-PCR, we focused on RD26, which is induced by salt stress. Histochemical analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing RD26pro:GUS revealed that the induction of GUS expression after NaCl treatment was suppressed by co-treatment with BRs, but enhanced by co-treatment with propiconazole, a BR biosynthetic inhibitor. Similarly, treatment with bikinin, an inhibitor of BIN2 kinase, not only inhibited RD26 expression, but also reduced the survival rate of the plant following exposure to salt stress. Our results suggest that ABA and BRs act antagonistically on their target genes at or after the BIN2 step in BR signaling pathways, and suggest a mechanism by which plants fine-tune their growth, particularly when stress responses and growth compete for resources.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

Xo2276 is a putative transcription activator-like effector (TALE) in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xo2276 was expressed with a TAP-tag at the C-terminus in Xoo cells to enable quantitative analysis of protein expression and secretion. Nearly all TAP-tagged Xo2276 existed in an insoluble form; addition of rice leaf extracts from a Xoosusceptible rice cultivar, Milyang23, significantly stimulated secretion of TAP-tagged Xo2276 into the medium. In a T3SS-defective Xoo mutant strain, secretion of TAPtagged Xo2276 was blocked. Xo2276 is a Xoo ortholog of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) AvrBs3 and contains a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), which includes 19.5 tandem repeats of 34 amino acids. Xo2276- DBD was expressed in E. coli and purified. Direct in vitro recognition of Xo2276-DBD on a putative target DNA sequence was confirmed using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. This is the first study measuring the homologous expression and secretion of Xo2276 in vitro using rice leaf extract and its direct in vitro binding to the specific target DNA sequence.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

In this paper, an automatic extraction method of glomerulus region from human renal tissue image is presented. The important information reflecting the state of kidneys richly included in the glomeruli, so it should be the first step to extract the glomerulus region from the renal tissue image for the further quantitative analysis of the renal condition. Especially, there is no clear difference between the glomerulus and other tissues, so the glomerulus region can not be easily extracted from its background by the existing segmentation methods. The outer edge of a glomerulus region is regarded as a common property for the regions of this kind ; a two- dimensional Gaussian distribution is used to convolve with an original image first and then the image is thresholded at this blurred image ; a closed curve corresponding to the outer edge can be obtained by usual pattern processing skills like thinning, branch-cutting, hole-filling etc., Finally, the glomerulus region can be obtained by extracting the area in the original image surrounded by the closed curve. The glomerulus regions are correctly extracted by 85 percentages and experimental results show the proposed method is effective.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.455-464
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• 2018

This study aim to identify the trends of existing scholarly research on the issue of burnout among social workers in South Korea. For this purpose, 50 domestic articles that are registered(or nominated to be) in the National Research Foundation of Korea between 1995 and November 2016 were reviewed. Content analysis was conducted with regard to the subjects of research, research themes, and the methodologies used. The findings showed that the subjects were mainly social workers providing services in private than in public settings. Major themes of the research included examining risk or protective factors, consequences of burnout, mechanisms of burnout, mediating effects of burnout on certain relationships, and subjective experience of social workers' burnout. As for methodologies used, quantitative approach was predominant. Findings of this study suggested research effort to extend scope of research subjects and methodology. Testifying more burnout-related factors would contribute to the future research as well. The results of the study will provide academic implications for future research in this field.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.333-344
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• 2019

Various genetic and environmental factors are known to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We identified COPD-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using 189 samples accompanying either adenocarcinoma (AC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SC), comprising 91 normal and 98 COPD samples. DEGs were obtained from the intersection of two DEG sets separately identified for AC and SC to exclude the influence of different cancer backgrounds co-occurring with COPD. We also measured patient samples named group 'I', which were unable to be determined as normal or COPD based on alterations in gene expression. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes categorized with the 'cell adhesion', 'inflammatory response', and 'mitochondrial functions', i.e., well-known functions related to COPD, in samples from patients with COPD. Multi-omics data were subsequently integrated to decipher the upstream regulatory changes linked to the gene expression alterations in COPD. COPD-associated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were located at the upstream regulatory regions of 96 DEGs. Additionally, 45 previously identified COPD-related miRNAs were predicted to target 66 of the DEGs. The eQTLs and miRNAs might affect the expression of 'respiratory electron transport chain' genes and 'cell proliferation' genes, respectively, while both eQTLs and miRNAs might affect the expression of 'apoptosis' genes. We think that our present study will contribute to our understanding of the molecular etiology of COPD accompanying lung cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explain the influence of motivation, leadership, and discipline on the performance of the midwife at Sharia Hospital X in Central Java Indonesia before the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a combination between quantitative research and qualitative research (mix method). The population in this study were all midwives sharia hospital x in central java Indonesia, totaling 75 people. The primary data in this study came from questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation, then from the results of the analysis and data processing the researcher interpreted it more deeply using qualitative methods. The results of this study conclude that motivation, leadership, and discipline are proven to have a positive and significant effect on the performance of midwives, thus it can be concluded that an increase in motivation, leadership, and discipline in work will be able to improve the performance of the midwifes Sharia Hospital X. These results give an understanding that every time there is an increase in motivation, leadership, and work discipline, it will increase the performance of the midwifes. Motivation is the biggest variable affecting the performance, leadership is the second and work discipline is the smallest variable that affects the performance of midwives.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2022

Although social economy organizations have achieved quantitative growth in various types and fields, they have been mainly promoted by the government, and there is still room for qualitative improvement, such as institutional reorganization, support systems and support methods, compared to advanced countries. In this study, the problems of social economy organizations, the current status and actual analysis of social economy organizations, the policy delivery system, obstacles to the development of social economy organizations, and problems of activation, etc. were reviewed through previous studies. Through this, policy directions and tasks for revitalization of future social economy organizations were presented. As a result, the policy direction for revitalization of social economy organizations requires private and local government initiatives, expansion of fields, customized support for the creation of a growth ecosystem, and various linkage cooperation. Organizational capacity development and education, reinforcement of various linkage cooperation systems, creation of an investment ecosystem, and joint market development are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the research trend on social media influencers in Korea. To this end, a total of 178 papers on social media influencers were analyzed from 2009 to 2021 among the academic papers registered in the Korean Academic Citation Index. As a result, the early social media influencer research, which was limited to only a few fields such as fashion, beauty, and communication, has expanded to various ones as time passed and achieved quantitative growth. The proportion of empirical studies has been on the rise in recent years, and studies that applied qualitative research methodologies have shown a tendency to decrease. The proportion of research focusing on specific media platforms and influencer types gets lower, although both the characteristics of social media platforms and the attitudes of each influencer are very diverse. This study has academic significance in that it is the first empirical study to investigate the current status of the social media influencer research in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.2_2
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• pp.475-485
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• 2024

In many regions of Korea, including the Four Major Rivers, the seriousness of the problem of algal blooms due to eutrophication of water quality is being raised.In this study, in order to solve these social problems, we manufactured a filter using natural mineral fusion (red illite, zeolite, germanium ceramic, selenium ceramic, carbon ceramic) and independently developed a tank system for green algae experiments to observe and determine the stages of change in water quality. In order to study ways to improve water quality through quantitative analysis, 1 ton of severely polluted green algae water from the Nak dong River region was stored in a water tank and exposed to ultraviolet rays in the same environment as the Nak dong River. Then, the same environment as the Nak dong River was created. The results were derived from a 5-week water quality test. The results of this experiment confirmed that green-colored cyano bacteria were significantly reduced just by the turbidity results. The results were obtained through a request to the Korea Testing & Research Institute located in Changwon-si, Gyeong sang nam-do. CI-(chlorine ion) and NH3-N(ammonia nitrogen) had the effect of saving every week. The device used in this study was made of natural minerals free of heavy metals that are harmless to the human body and nature through long-term consideration and exploration to kill and prevent various strains living in water. Green purification system using natural hydrogen generating mineral filter were effective a non-chemical and physical methods. The results of this study are one way to contribute to the serious problems caused by green algae in many countries, and will contribute to the water quality environment by preventing the waste of environmental resources, improving the health of the people, and increasing the ability to purify environmental water quality at home and abroad.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

This study supports the introduction policy of the MSO and Profit-making corporation by reviewing, and is intend to reviewing the analysis of policy measures activation in the digital age. The Medical industry is changing at a fast pace, and it is becoming fierce, In that flow, our nation has been giving efforts to the Medical industry in its bot qualitative growth and quantitative growth. However, we are laggard in our policy to activity such as the MSO and Profit-making corporation. It is true that there exists arguing on introducing market economy into the Medical industry, but we need a sound the activity policy which can extend over those negative perspectives.