• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.488-493
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• 1998

In the preoperative evaluation before coronary artery bypass surgery, review of the coronary arteriogram is the most important step. Expected "normal" lumen diameter at a given coronary anatomic location is a basis for quantative estimation of coronary disease severity that could be more useful than the traditional "percent stenosis". The distribution and number of major coronary artery branches are determinants of number of bypass grafts needed. We reviewed the coronary artery anatomy in 174 adult patients who revealed no coronary pathology in angiographic studies done from September 1994 to June 1996. Quantative analysis was done in all cases by a single person using a Computerized System (Arripro 35ⓡ). The results were follows; 1) The mean diametre of left main coronary artery was 4.45 mm(range 2.74~6.72). The pattern of branching was bifurcation in 67.24%, trifurcation in 28.74% and quadrifurcation in 4.02% of the patients. 2) The mean diametre of left anterior descending artery was 3.17 mm(range 2.10~5.85), 2.79 (range 1.55~5.59) and 2.17 mm(range 1.37~3.81) in the proximal, mid, and the distal portions, respectively. The number of diagonal branches of left anterior artery was from one to four(mode=2). 3) The mean diametre of proximal and distal left circumflex artery were 3.17mm(range 1.74~4.89) and 2.19 mm(range 1.21~4.46). The number of obtuse marginal branches of left circumflex artery is from one to six(mode 2). 4) The mean diametre of proximal and distal right coronary artery, the posterior descending artery and the largest posterolateral branch were mean 3.51 mm(range 2.07~5.67), 2.09 mm (range 1.42~3.60), 2.09 mm(range 1.02~3.60) and 2.30 mm(range 1.39~4.39). 5) The right coronary artery dominant was 163 cases(93.68%) of the total 174 cases. 6) The large significant acute marginal artery was visualized in more than half of the people. half of the people.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1157-1161
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 부트스트랩(Bootstrap) 기법을 이용하여 측우기 강우량 관측계열(CWK)과 근대우량계 강우량 관측계열(MRG)에 대해 동질성 분석을 실시하였다. 서로다른 두 자료계열에 대한 전통적인 통계적 동질성 검정 방법은 모집단의 분포형을 알고 있어야 검정결과가 유효하였기 때문에 모집단의 분포가 복잡한 기상자료들은 이러한 전통적 방법을 사용하여 동질성을 파악하는 것이 매우 어려웠고 결과로 제시된 통계적 유의성에 대해서도 의심의 여지가 있었다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 모집단을 가정하지 않아도 되는 비모수적 모의 방법인 부트스트랩 기법을 이용하여 두 자료계열간의 동질성 검정을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 M20의 CWK와 MRG는 미소한 기후의 경년변화 (Trend)의 영향을 제외하면 동질성을 가진 자료로 볼 수 있었으나, 갈수기의 경우는 월강우량의 크기에 변화가 있으며 호우기의 경우는 일강우량의 크기 및 호우의 형태에 변화가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1991

A reverse-phase, ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantative determination of pyridostigmine and its hydrolytic product, 3-hydroxy-N-methylpyridinium (HMP), is descrihed, The assay of pyridostigmine and HMP was linear in the range of amount from 24 to 60 mg/tablet and from 2.4 to 12.0 mg/tablet, respectively, with coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 0.05-0.12% (n=7) and 0.25-0.52% (n=5), respectively, and applicable conveniently even in the case of the mixture of pyridostigmine and HMP. Meanwhile, the conventional UV method gave inaccurate results for the aged pyridostigmine tablets. In the extraction of pyridostigmine from tablets prior to be assayed by HPLC, methanol was found to be more effective than ethanol or distilled water. Multiple extraction (four times) with methanol resulted in the full recovery of pyridostigmine, whereas ethanol gave 95% recovery even after four times extraction. Based on these results. the present method would be very useful for the accurate determination of pyridostigmine in the aged pyridostigmine tablets.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 1997

Through the Korea-Germany joint project, a novel method, that is, an optical Corescanner (Stereophotogramrnetry) of acquisition, evaluation and display of struct-ural elements of drill cores has heen realized. AH scannable cores can he digitally stored on a storage device(dat tape, optical disc etc.) and available for further an-alysis using diverse software facilities. The use of this scanning technique was d-emonstrated on the cores derived from the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks in our country. Recent studies showed a great potential of using the Corescanner with high resolution not only for avoiding ambiguities of drill log interpretation due to the capability of accurate quantative analysis of structural elements, but also for replacing the cores themselves as a data-base one via completely copying of the core outlook.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1993

This study was performed to develop the conceptual framework of the nursing productivity. The study efforts were made (1) to define the concept the nursing productivity, (2) to identify the elements of the productivity, and (3) to determine the relationship among the elements. With the aim, the study employed a descriptive analysis by way of reviewing various references related w the subject. The nursing productivity consists of such elements as the nursing efficiency and Lhe nursing effectiveness which are complememary Lo each other. The nursing efficiency is the quantative input/output ratio, while the nursing effectiveness represents the integrated outcome of sch sub-elements as the degree of accomplishing nursing goals, the quality of nursing service, consumer's satisfaction, and the degree of improvement of nurse's attitude toward the quality care. The nursing prodiccivity can be estimated by summing up the nursing efficiency and the effectiveness. By employing the system theory model, the elements of the nursing producTivity consist of three elements; the input, the process, and the output. By the process elements, the system inputs are transformed to the system outputs nursing efficiency and nursing effecitveness which are input 1.0 the system, in turn, through feedback mechanism(Figure 4).

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.604-615
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• 1995

Austenitic stainless steel castings using expandable polystylene(referred to hereafter as EPS) patterns are often affected by distinctive defects associated with incomplete decomposition of the EPS as the molds are filled with metal. The quality of the castings, with particular reference to carbon pick-up in austenitic stainless steel is further influenced to a significant extent by such factors as reduced pressure, the additive by adding $Na_2CO_3$ in coating. The steel composition and microstructure were examined at the surface layer of castings, at depths of 1mm, by taking successive layers of swarf and analysis. In experiments, the carburizing atmosphere was neutralized, showing that the coating performed efficiently by decomposing almost instantly on heating and liberating $CO_2$. The upper parts of castings obtained using EPS patterns were slightly higher in carbon pick-up than other parts. Comparing the 316L and 304 stainless steel castings, qualitative and quantative differences could be found between the carbon pick-up behaviours as influence of the carbon content and alloying elements. Carbide former such as Cr makes carbon more soluble in the steel. This must make carbon pick-up in the surface layer but at the same time richer in carbon especially in the 304 stainless steel castings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 1989

Dietary fiber(DF) content and their properties were analyzed in some common vegetables such as Squash(leaf), Water cress, Garland chrysanthemum, Leek and sweet potato(stem). DF was analyzed by the method of detergent fractionation. Values for neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), lignin, hemicellulose were obtained. NDF for most samples was $13.83%{\sim}24.31%$, ADF was $11.99%{\sim}21.03%$, lignin was around $0.56%{\sim}3.00%$, hemicellulose was about $1.33%{\sim}3.88%$, cellulose was $9.08%{\sim}14.87%$ except sweet potato(leaf) (20.47%). This paper describes two properties of the fiber-of commonly eaten vegetables ; water-holding capacity(WHC) and metal binding. The capacity of the acetone dried powder (ADP) to hold water was estimated. The WHC measurements differed from 7.49 per 9 of ADP for Water cress to 11.09 per 9 of ADP for Leek. The binding of Fe, Zn in NDF. ADF obtained from five fiber sources was examined under two pH conditions ; 1) pH2.1, 2) pH6.1. Fe, Zn binding increased with higher pH and differed from DF sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

In this study, quantitative homogeneity analysis was performed between rainfall observation data set of Chukwooki(CWK) and rainfall observation data set of modern rain gage(MRG) using statistical methods such as basic statistics, K-S test and Boxplots. To analyze the homogeneities of CWK and MRG four rainfall characteristic series such as monthly rainfall, the ratio of maximum daily rainfall to monthly rainfall, number of rainy days for each month, and the ratio of monthly rainfall to numbers of rainy days are made, and the homogeneity tests using two sample K-S test and quantitative comparisons were performed. The test results showed that observation precisions between CWK and MRG of original data set(M00) were differed because M00 clearly showed the statistical significances on differences of numbers of monthly rainy days of CWK and MRG. But, rainfall showed a little differences which were not significant between CWK and MRG.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1166-1171
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• 2006

Drought is defined by differently for the several scientific and technical fields such as hydrological drought, agricultural drought, meteorological drought, climatological drought, atmospheric drought. A lot of drought indices have been developed to quantify drought severity levels. However these drought indices might be expressed differently as the drought conditions for specific period because the drought severity level is using different types of data on each condition. It is necessary for development of quantative drought representation methods by drought index application. In this research, the reaction to the historical droughts is analyzed after estimation of PDSI, SPI and MSWSI(Modified Surface Water Supply Index) in south korean territory. Lastly the drought representation methods were examiner combining the drought indices by drought indices. The arithmetic mean drought indices that include PDSI, SPI, in yearly basis from 1971 to 2001 and MSWSI in yearly basis from 1974 to 2001 were estimated through the whole nation. The applicability of drought indices are examined based on the observed drought data for national and regional droughts. The result shows that PDSI, SPI(3), SPI(6), and MSWSI have proven to be sensitive enough to the historical drought. The correlation analysis of each drought index was conducted whether they could show the long and short term drought equally. The analysis of how appropriately represent for the historical drought was used for determining for the combined drought index. Consequently, PDSI, SPI(3), SPI(6), and MSWSI have been appeared as suitable indices for the development of quantitative drought representation methods. For the decision of weight on combining PDSI, SPI(3), SPI(6), and MSWSI, drought map was made for eighteen alternative to decide weight. The results showed that PDSI(20%), SPI(3)(60%), SPI(6)(10%), and MSWSI(10%) have been the most well matched weights. Using selected weights of each drought indices and by reconstructing the national mean drought severity on yearly basis, the fact that the year of historical drought is in accordance with the verified one for drought representation. In short, the acquired technique using combined drought index can be used for useful and believable quantitative method of drought analysis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.149-165
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the effects of Saengkankunbi-tang on cell-viability, proliferation, cell-cycle, apoptosis and DNA replication on HepG2 cell and to find out by which molecular-biological mechanism by which Saengkankunbi-tang operates. Methods : The MTT assay, cell counting assay, [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay, flow cytometric analysis, tryphan blue exclusion assay, western blot analysis, quantative RT-PCR were taken. Results : Saengkankunbi-tang had no effect on proliferation, cell-cycle and DNA replications of HepG2 cells, while it improved cell viability and reduced apoptosis, and it activated Akt and NFKB. But, it did not produce an effect on cell viability and apoptosis when P13K/Akt pathway was blocked by LY294002 nor when $NF{\kapa}B$ activation was blocked by DN-$I{\kapa}B$. Conclusion : These results suggests that Saengkankunbi-tang improves cell viability and reduces apoptosis of HepG2 cells, by activating $NF{\kapa}B$ through PI3K/Akt pathway.