• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

To distinguish between high particulate matter (HPM) and light Asian dust (LAD) events, aerosol optical properties from GOCI were investigated in Seoul from 2014 to 2016. The poor air quality case caused by fine atmospheric particulate matter (i.e., 80<$PM_{10}$<$400{\mu}g/m^3$) is clearly separated from the case of heavy Asian dust that generally shows the $PM_{10}$ concentration more than $400{\mu}g/m^3$. In this study, we have found eight cases for the poor air quality and divided them into the two events(i.e., HPM and LAD). In case of aerosol optical depth (AOD), there was no big difference between two events. However, Angstrom exponent (AE) for HPM events was greater than 1, while that for LAD events less than 1. As a result of comparing aerosol type, non-absorbing fine mode aerosols were dominant for HPM events, but coarse and absorbing coarse mode aerosols for LAD events. Therefore, AE and aerosol type from GOCI can be used to distinguish between two events effectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.173-176
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• 2012

Quality Management is a recent phenomenon. This is applied to products or services, with an objective to deliver high quality, reliable, worthy, enduring, product or service. The process is considered to have four main components: quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. Focusing on quality control and quality assurance leads to achieving quality management or ensures that an organization or product is consistent. In this paper, the applicable international standard for learning services and for the organization for education and training (learning service provider) is discussed and also the procedure to implement the management system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1999

This study discussed the appropriateness of organic matter indexes such as biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and chemical oxygen demand with potassium permanganate($COD_{Mn}$) in water quality environmental standard of streams and lakes and the applicability of the items to water quality environmental standard to add or substitute COD with potassium dichromate ($COD_{Cr}$) and total organic carbon(TOC) being used as index of organic matter. And indexes of organic matter content and organic carbon concentration were distinguished between dissolved and particulate component in water sample to estimate their effect on pollutants loading in lake and stream. The ratio of $COD_{Cr}$/BOD was 5.1 under BOD concentration 3mg/L in river water quality environmental standard II, and 2.67 above it. This ratio was diminished to 2.04 when BOD concentration was more than 8mg/L, in river quality environmental standard IV. Also the ratio of $COD_{Mn}$/BOD showed 2.16 under 3mg/L(BOD), and 1.1 above it. This ratio is also diminished to 0.84 over 8mg/L(BOD). Accordingly, we should apply this ratio depending on the concentration level to add and change organic matter index of water quality environmental standard newly. The ratio $COD_{Cr}/COD_{Mn}$ both in lake and stream shows 2.37(r=0.986, p<0.001). But the ratios showed range of 2.34~2.50, which is no much difference of this ratio according to $COD_{Mn}$ concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.431-441
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• 2005

The study was carried out to improve and regulate the drinking water quality standard and drinking water quality monitoring substances. For the reliability and safety of finished water, It has been monitored for trace organic and inorganic compounds of 333 in finished water of water treatment plants during 1989 to 2003. As a result of monitoring, 51 compounds were detected from 333 compounds, and it has been regulated the drinking water quality standard of 26 substances and 20 mitoring substance. Improvement and regulation method of the drinking water quality standard was performed by comparing and analyzing with detection concentration, detection frequency, risk assessment and foreign drinking water quality standard.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.723-731
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• 2015

We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of water quality in the Gangjung-Goryoung weir that is located in the middle area of the Nakdong river, Korea. The monitoring results indicated that there are discernible vertical differences in water quality during the pre- and post-monsoon periods (May to September). During this period, it was observed that the weak thermal stratification formed at the maximum level, and pH, Chl-a, and DO concentrations in the surface layer were higher than those in the bottom layer. This vertical difference was especially noticeable for DO concentrations: there were DO depletions at the bottom layer in late June to early August. During the summer monsoon period with heavy rainfall, there was a decline in vertical differences in water quality. From this study, it was suggested that continuous monitoring of vertical profiles could become a useful tool for identifying the spatial and temporal distributions of water quality and for developing the best management policy for water quality in the Nakdong river.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide a base line data to improve the water quality in the Yeongsan River basin. As the major factor that affects the water quality of Yeongsan River is nonpoint pollution source, in order to find a resolve to improve the quality, a study was conducted to identify the correlation between the stream water quality and that of the land use. The study showed that the concentration of the contents in the water from the agricultural land environment was found to be higher as oppose to that found in the content of the water from the forest land. As a result, it can be deducted that agricultural land deteriorates water quality whereas that of the forest land is of much better quality. Therefore, it is highly recommended to take advanced improved care of agricultural land close to a water source to improve the quality of Yeongsan River basin.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.693-703
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• 2012

Load Duration Curve(LDC) is a useful tool for analyzing water quality characteristics under various stream flow conditions. This study investigated the methods to identify impaired waterbodies in the assessment of water quality goal attainment by using LDC for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Three methods were proposed. Non-typical regime exclusion method is a method to exclude water quality observations in the non-typical extreme flow conditions in order to minimize the influence of non-ordinary water quality. Flow regime weighted average method is a method to calculate weighted mean water quality instead of arithmetic mean in order to consider water characteristics properly on stream flow regime in addition to the effect of Non-typical regime exclusion method. Load exceeded interval comparison method is a method to compare the intervals between the attained and non-attained load duration periods on the LDC. The assessment of water quality goal attainment can be performed more reasonably and precisely considering water quality variations on stream flow conditions by applying these proposed methods.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted for analyzing the contribution factors on ozone concentrations and its long term trends in each major city and province in Korea through several statistical methods such as simple linear regression, generalized linear model, KZ-filer, correlation matrix, Kringing method, and cluster analysis. The overall ozone levels in South Korea have been consistently increasing over the past 10 years. The ozone concentrations in Seoul, the biggest city in Korea, are the lowest in all areas with the highest increasing ratio for $95^{th}%$ ozone. It is thought that the active photochemical reaction could affect the higher ozone concentration increase. On the other hand, the ozone concentrations in Jeju are the highest in Korea with the highest increasing ratio for $5^{th}%$, $33^{th}%$, and $50^{th}%$ ozone. It is also thought that the weak $NO_x$ titration could be the reason of higher ozone concentrations in Jeju. In case of Jeju, transport related factors is the major factor affecting the ozone trend. Thus, it is assumed that the variation of ozone trend of Asian region affecting the ozone trend in Jeju, where domestic ozone photochemical reaction is less active than urban area. It is thought that the photochemical reaction plays the role of increasing of ozone concentrations in the urban area, even though the LRT affected on the increase of ozone concentrations in non-urban area.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2015

Four major river basin in Korea has been managed with Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) System. Water quality indicators as targeted pollutants for TMDL were BOD and TP. In order to satisfy water quality criteria, government allocation using public treatment facilities and its action plan has been used. However, the role to improve water quality were recently faced to its limitation. It is time to require the role of non-government allocation in private discharge facilities to control good water quality. This study investigated three different scenarios in reduction demands of non-government allocations about industry and private sewages. The three different scenarios were discharge under 1) legal water quality standard, 2) water quality level in 2011 and 3) current water quality level with maximum value in group. The results showed that reduction potential in water discharge for TP indicator was 1,118kg/day, under second scenario with 20% of deduction. This results arrived at 42% of whole reduction potential costs and 0.012mg/L improvement in water quality. In conclusion, to intrigue voluntary participation in non-government allocation, various benefits such as tax reduction, tax exemption, and water quality trading should be provided.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.625-635
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of the relationship quality and the switching cost during the processing of effects of service quality on the service loyalty in the beauty industry. Service quality factors were defined as the interaction quality, the outcome quality and the physical environment quality. The relationship quality were defined as the satisfaction and the trust of customer. Amos was used to analyze the research hypotheses and the proposed model. All research hypotheses were adopted. The empirical results were as follows; Service quality influenced positively on the relationship quality, and then the relationship quality yielded the service loyalty. Also the relationship quality influenced positively on the switching cost and then the switching cost influenced positively on the service loyalty. Each service quality dimension had a significant effect on the satisfaction, the trust and the relative importance of service quality dimensions on the satisfaction, the trust followed the order of the interaction quality, the outcome quality and the physical environment quality.