• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2020

Objectives While sciatic neuropathy is one of the common symptoms which have the lifetime incidence of 13~40%, still there is no consensus about the standardized and the most effective conservative treatment. In addition, the importance of systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical are growing as they could suggest possible effective treatment strategy for future studies. Therefore, we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate analgesic effect of acupuncture on sciatica in rat models. Methods Systematic search was conducted for all controlled comparative preclinical trials which assessed analgesic effect of acupuncture in sciatica rat models. Database of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI and 6 Korean databases were used. The primary outcome was pain, which is evaluated by stimulus behavior tests in rat models. We assessed the methodological quality with Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted according to treatment site, acupuncture point, treatment period and frequency used in electroacupuncture. Results 14 studies were finally included following our inclusion criteria. The data from meta-analysis indicated that the acupuncture significantly improved the result values of behavior tests for pain evaluation, compared to no-treatment control group in animal models (standardized mean difference=4.43, 95% confidence interval 3.16 to 5.69, Z=6.84, p<0.00001; χ²=68.02, p<0.00001; I²=82%). The results of subgroup analysis indicate that acupuncture treatment of unilateral site, distal acupoints, longer treatment period and applying 2/100 Hz frequency in electroacupuncture could be more effective. Conclusions Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies are getting important for the future clinical studies and the improvement of heatlh care. Therefore the results of the study would provide evidence and better design for the forthcoming studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 1997

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques allow the enumeration of chromosome abnormalities and from a great potential for many clinical applications. In order to produce quantitative and reproducible results, expensive tools such as a cooled CCD camera and a computer software are required. We have developed a Chromosome Image Processing System (Chips) using FISH that allows the detection and mapping of the genetic aberrations. The aim of our study, therefore, is to evaluate the capabilities of our original system using a black-and-white video camera. As a model system, three repetitive DNA probes (D18Z1, DXZ1, and DYZ3) were hybridized to variety different clinical samples such as human metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei obtained from uncultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, uncultured amniocytes, and germ cells. The visualization of the FISH signals was performed using our system for image acquisition and pseudocoloring. FISH images were obtained by combining images from each of probes and DAPI counterstain captured separately. Using our original system, the aberrations of single or multiple chromosomes in a single hybridization experiment using chromosomes and interphase nuclei from a variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, amniocytes, sperm, and biopsied blastomeres, were enabled to evaluate. There were no differences in the image quality in accordance with FISH method, fluorochrome types, or different clinical samples. Always bright signals were detected using our system. Our system also yielded constant results. Our Chips would permit a level of performance of FISH analysis on metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei with unparalleled capabilities. Thus, it would be useful for clinical purposes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1666-1672
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of an alumninosilicate clay, marketed under the trade name Biotite V, to improve growing-finishing pig performance and to determine its effects on nutrient digestibility and excretion. Sixty crossbred pigs (22.3${\pm}2.7kg$, Camborough 15 Line female${\times}$Canabred sire) were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of four dietary treatments in a $2{\times}4$ (two sexes and four treatments) factorial design experiment. The experimental diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75% biotite during the growing period (22.3-60.5 kg) and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% biotite during the finishing period (60.5-110.3 kg). Each pig was allowed access to its own individual feeder for 30 min twice daily (07:00 and 15:00 h). Individual pig body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded weekly. The pigs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir when they reached an average weight of 110.3 kg. Carcass weight was recorded and dressing percentage calculated. Carcass fat and lean measurements were obtained with a Destron PG 100 probe between the 3rd and 4th last ribs, 70 mm of the midline. Total tract digestibility coefficients for dry matter, energy, nitrogen and phosphorus were determined using three males and three females per treatment starting at an average weight of $52.2{\pm}3.8kg$. These pigs were housed under identical conditions as those used in the growing stage and were fed the same diets modified only by the addition of 0.5% chromic oxide as a digestibility marker. Over the entire experimental period (22.3-110.3 kg), daily gain was unaffected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of biotite in the diet. There was a cubic response for feed intake (p=0.06) and a quadratic response (p=0.07) for feed conversion due to biotite. Feeding biotite produced no significant (p>0.05) linear or quadratic effects on any of the carcass traits measured. Dry matter digestibility decreased linearly (p=0.02) with increasing levels of biotite in the diet. However, digestibility coefficients for energy, nitrogen and phosphorus were unaffected (p<0.05) by biotite inclusion. Lactobacilli and enterobacteria numbers were unaffected by inclusion of biotite while Salmonella was not detected in any of the fecal samples. The overall results of this experiment indicate that biotite inclusion did not reduce fecal excretion of nitrogen or phosphorus and failed to improve nutrient digestibility. Neither growth rate nor carcass quality was improved while a modest improvement in feed conversion was observed at lower levels of inclusion. Based on the results of this experiment, it would be difficult to justify the routine inclusion of biotite in diets fed to grower-finisher pigs. Whether or not a greater response would have been obtained with pigs of a lower health status is unknown.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.696-704
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate various levels of milk by-product in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profiles, carcass characteristics and economic performance for weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 160 weaning pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc), average $7.01{\pm}1.32kg$ body weight (BW), were allotted to four treatments by BW and sex in 10 replications with 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed each treatment diet with various levels of milk by-product (Phase 1: 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, Phase 2: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively). During weaning period (0 to 5 week), weaning pigs were fed experimental diets and all pigs were fed the same commercial feed during growing-finishing period (6 to 14 week). Results: In the growth trial, BW, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the nursery period (5 weeks) increased as the milk by-product level in the diet increased (linear, p<0.05). Linear increases of pig BW with increasing the milk product levels were observed until late growing period (linear, p = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in BW at the finishing periods, ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio during the entire growing-finishing periods. The blood urea nitrogen concentration had no significant difference among dietary treatments. High inclusion level of milk by-product in weaner diet decreased crude protein (quadratic, p = 0.05) and crude ash (Linear, p = 0.05) of Longissimus muscle. In addition, cooking loss and water holding capacity increased with increasing milk product levels in the weaner diets (linear, p<0.01; p = 0.05). High milk by-product treatment had higher feed cost per weight gain compared to non-milk by-products treatment (linear, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Supplementation of 10% to 5% milk by-products in weaning pig diet had results equivalent to the 30% to 15% milk treatment and 0% milk by-product supplementation in the diet had no negative influence on growth performance of finishing pigs.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently on-the-job training (OJT) has become the most preferred training and development method with the emergence of the concept that workplace is the best place where learning take place. But many researchers argue that OJT is not helpful for the performance of organization because OJT is not systematic and mostly depend on quality of trainer. Since Jacobs & McGriffin introduced S-OJT (structured OJT), there has been plenty of researches. But most of the researches have focused mainly on employee's attitude and organizational performance caused by S-OJT and neglected a holistic approach of S-OJT as a system. S-OJT need to be analyzed comprehensively to understand training performance because S-OJT is operated as a system consist of input, process, and organizational context. Although S-OJT may create unintended consequences, there were few researches to explore them. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors for S-OJT and to find unintended consequences of it. Research design, data and methodology - We conducted a case study on M business unit of A company which developed and has been implementing S-OJT program for years. We designed and prepared the process, collected and analyzed data for the study. We set the theoretical framework to analyze the case after reviewing theories and previous studies on S-OJT. We collected and analyzed internal reports and interview results of the employees of the M business unit. We tried to collect as many information as possible to secure the validity of the research results. Results - The critical success factors identified in the study are as follow. First, it is important to select and train proper trainers for S-OJT. Second, it is needed to develop structured training module. Third, organization have to use effective communication system like on-line community. Forth, trainer should have proper skills for training such as facilitating skill, coaching skill, and delivering skill etc. Fifth, proper learning place is needed. Sixth, organizational support is important especially, immediate supervisor support and concern is critical. Eleventh, it is needed to consider situational contexts. Among them, overload to the trainer will affect the effectiveness of S-OJT. In this study, we found an additional unintended consequence. "To teach is the best way to learn." Experience as a trainer give employee an opportunity to organize one's knowledge and skill and to attain facilitation skill, coaching skill, and relation skill. Thus, organization may use S-OJT to train the potential talent. Conclusions - Many organizations introduced S-OJT to train the newcomers because S-OJT drew attention as an important tool to develop employees. Following this trend, there has been increasing number of researches to find the results of S-OJT and identify the determinants of S-OJT success. However, most of the researches concentrated on finding effects of some factors neglecting holistic approach. This study tried to identify critical success factors affecting effectiveness of S-OJT by using case study and find additional unintended consequence. The results of the study will be useful for organizations which have a plan to adopt S-OJT.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.938-944
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• 1999

도라지의 색상발현을 위하여 반응표면분석법으로 도라지의 threonine 침지농도 및 볶음조건에 따른 도라지차의 기계적 색도 및 관능적 색상 변화를 모니터링 하였다. 기계적 색도와 관능적 색상에 대한 회귀식의 $R^{2}$는 모두 0.87 이상으로 5% 수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 백색도가 가장 높은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine 농도 0.09%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $142.37^{\circ}C$에서 21.94분 볶음처리하는 것으로 나타났다. 적색도가 가장 높은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine 농도 1.24%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $154.01^{\circ}C$에서 28.59분 볶음처리하는 것으로 나타났고, 가장 낮은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine농도 1.67%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $137.61^{\circ}C$에서 24.62분 볶음처리하는 것으로 나타났다. 황색도가 가장 높은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine 농도 1.10%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $154.72^{\circ}C$에서 27.12분 볶음처리하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능적 특성으로서 도라지차의 색상에 대한 관능평점은 threonine 농도 1.25%, 볶음온도 $141.81^{\circ}C$및 볶음시간 34.14분에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

본 연구는 유비쿼터스 환경에서 참여형 환경조형물의 이용자 만족도에 관한 연구를 통하여 앞으로 유비쿼터스 시대에 이용자들이 사용하게 될 환경조형물에 대한 만족도의 체감을 높이기 위한 사용성과 서비스, 기능성, 조형성에 대한 유비쿼터스 도시 공간 속에서의 U-환경조형물의 좀 더 발전적인 방향을 제시하고자 강남대로 U-Street에 설치되어진 U-환경조형물인 미디어 폴을 조사 대상지로 선정하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유비쿼터스 환경에서 시작단계의 환경조형물인 미디어 폴의 부문별 만족도 중에서 서비스 만족도, 기능성 만족도, 조형성 만족도와 미디어 폴의 종합적인 만족도로 설정한 후 조사 분석하여 만족도 연구를 수립하였다. 미디어 폴의 부문별 만족도에서 서비스 만족도는 대중교통 안내도, 기능성 만족도는 거리문화의 촉매제, 조형성 만족는 '형태성', 미디어 폴의 부문별 만족도와 종합 만족도 관계에서 기능성 만족도가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 미디어 폴의 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타난 만큼 도시공간에서 U-환경조형물의 만족도의 체감을 높이기 위한 미디어 폴의 다양한 컨텐츠 개발과 사용, 편리한 기술개발, 미디어 폴의 기능성 만족도에 대한 지속적 연구와 강남의 랜드 마크가 되기 위해서는 시민들과 소통하기 위한 즐거움과 감동을 줄 수 있는 스토리가 담긴 인간 중심의 기능성 요소 개발이 중요할 것이다. 현재 유비쿼터스의 초기단계는 가로 경관으로서 자연성이 결여, 환경조형물의 외피에 대한 개발, 인간에게 감동을 줄 수 있는 스토리텔링의 부재, 기술적 측면 부족, 수익성을 낼 수 있는 다양한 컨텐츠 개발, 투자에 비해 수익성 창출의 어려움, 사회소통 매개로서의 기능 등의 문제점을 보완해야 하며, 첨단 기술만이 아니라 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 측면을 고려한 똑똑한 기술보다는 편안하고 친인간적 기술로서 공간개발과 U-환경조형물의 설치가 요구되어야 할 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

In order to help the marketers of the men\`s casual wear brands establish the marketing strategies to their target consumers, it is the purpose of this study to investigate on the variables affecting the casual wear purchase behavior of men in twenties, thirties and forties, and to clarify the differences of casual wear purchase behavior according to their age, The subjects were 429 men in their twenties, thirties and forties living in Seoul and data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, x², ANOVA and Duncan\`s test. The results were as follows : (1) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the self-image. Men in forties favored the conservative and not-noticeable image of casual wear, however, men in twenties and thirties favored those of the active, sexy, and distinctive image. (2) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the importance of the store attributes such as convenience of transportation and parking place, clothing in vogue, and various merchandise. Men in thirties and forties put more importance on convenience of transportation and parking place. Men in forties put more importance on various merchandise than men in twenties and thirties. (3) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to general purchase behavior of casual wear. * Differences of the use of information according to age Majority of the men consulted the T.V., radio and people in their boundaries * Differences of the clothing purchase frequency according to age Men in twenties buy more clothing than other age groups. Men in twenties buy the clothing every one month and every three months and men in thirties and forties buy the clothing every three months and every six months. * Differences of the shopping day according to age Majority of the men buy the clothing on Saturday and Sunday. However men in twenties buy the clothing more on weekdays than other age groups. * Differences of the shopping place according There were not significant differences among three different age groups and majority of the men found out to utilize the department store. * Differences of the influence of the partners according to age Men in twenties found out to rely on their own decisions but men in thirties and forties found out to depend on their wives(loves). * Differences of the selection standards of casual wear according to age There were not significant differences according to age and adult males found out to select the casual wear by design, quality price in sequence.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.153-173
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain what should be considered in the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Lung Cancer" by analyzing the existing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: The committee searched guidelines and clinical trials about herbal medicine for lung cancer. The searched trials were analyzed in terms of inclusion and exclusion of participants, intervention, comparator, outcomes and trial design. Then, we compared the results of our analysis with the guidelines to identify the issues we will have to consider when making the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Lung Cancer". Several guidelines for anti-tumor agents and clinical trials with herbal medicine were searched on the national institution homepage. The search terms were as follows: 'lung neoplasm', 'herbal medicine', 'Medicine, Korean traditional', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional' etc. Results: There was no guideline for clinical trial with herbal medicine for lung cancer. In addition, 7 articles were searched through database searching. All the participants had non-small cell lung cancer. The type of intervention was decoction. Comparators included conventional treatments such as chemotherapy. The outcome measurements used in the studies were quality of life, tumor response, and survival duration, etc. Safety was evaluated by recording adverse events and blood test. Conclusions: Findings were made by reviewing existing guidelines and comparing them with clinical trials for lung cancer and herbal medicinal products. These results will be utilized in the development of "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Lung Cancer".

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to research trends in the study of breast cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and to establish the further direction for its study. Methods: We reviewed TCM papers published in the last 29 years (1979-2008). Results: 1. We researched 49 papers and the patterns of study were as follows: in vitro studies were 27 papers (55.1%), in vivo studies were 9 papers (18.4%) and clinical studies were 19 papers (38.8%). 2. In vitro studies on breast cancer research in TCM were focused on cytotoxicity (17 papers) and apoptosis (8 papers). Most of in vivo studies (6 papers) were done for the purpose of inducing growth suppression of tumor cell after administration of the test drug. Each drug acted on this effect through various types of mechanism. 3. Unlike in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical studies on growth suppression of tumor cell were rare (4 papers). Most of the studies were focused on reduction of side effect of chemotherapy or synergistic effect with chemotherapy (7 papers), immune regulation (7 papers), and improvement of quality of life (6 papers). 4. Among the treatment method we reviewed, 'Runing Ⅱ(Ⅱ號方)' was the only medication that further studied as clinical trial after experimental study. 5. Since almost all studies have defects like poorly designed model or insufficient data description, it was difficult to make any definite conclusion about these studies. Conclusion: More subsequent clinical studies based on experimental study will be needed afterwards. Strict and high-level study design with detailed description will be needed in further study.