• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.896-914
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• 2006

프로덕트라인 공학은 한 프로덕트라인에 속하는 여러 어플리케이션들이 공유할 수 있는 핵심 자산을 재사용하는 새로운 패러다임으로, 대표적인 소프트웨어 재사용 방법으로 넓게 수용되고 있다. 핵심자산은 프로덕트라인의 여러 멤버에서 재사용될 수 있기 때문에, 공통성과 가변성을 잘 정의하여 높은 재사용성을 가진 핵심 자산을 개발하는 것은 생산성을 향상시켜 고품질의 어플리케이션을 빠른 시간 내에 개발하는데 필수 요소이다. 프로덕트라인 공학을 적용한 기존 방법론에서도 핵심 자산의 중요성을 강조하였지만, 대개 공통성과 가변성을 분석하는데 초점이 맞추어져 있었다. 그리고, 일부 방법론에서는 핵심 자산을 개발하는 프로세스를 제안하고 있지만, 핵심 자산의 모든 구성 요소를 개발하는 체계적인 프로세스, 지침, 산출물 양식이 다소 부족하며, 이는 핵심 자산을 설계하는데 많은 어려움을 초래한다. 본 논문에서는 핵심 자산 설계를 위한 체계적인 프로세스와 기법, 산출물의 템플릿을 제안한다. 그리고, 제안된 프로세스가 실제로 어떻게 적용되는지 검증하기 위한 사례연구를 수행한다. 제안된 프로세스, 지침, 산출물 템플릿을 사용함으로써 보다 재사용성의 이점을 최대한 활용할 수 있는 동시에 고품질 핵심 자산을 체계적이며 효율적으로 개발할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.127-143
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• 1996

그룹웨어기술은 분산된 환경에서도 서로 가까이 있는 것처럼 대화하고, 함께 협력 하여 작업하며, 정보를 쉽게 교환할 수 있도록 해 주는 핵심적인 기술로 현재 많은 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 본 논문은 공동 작업환경을 위한 효율적인 그룹통신관리를 독립적인 모듈로 설계하여 그룹웨어 응용시스템의 개발을 지원하는 플랫폼으로 이용하 고자 연구되었다. 논문에서는 우선 그룹통신관리를 위한 요구사항을 도출하기 위해 화상 회의와 같은 응용 개발 사례들을 분석하였으며, 공통적인 구조 및 기능적 특징들을 살펴 보았다. 아울러 그룹통신관리와 직접적으로 관련이 있는 표준화와 연구활동 등을 통하여 기본개념의 설정이나 / 설계시 고려해야 할 사항들을 점검하였다. 이를 토대로 기본적인 그룹통신관리 모델을 정립하고, 그룹통신관리의 구조와 처리절차를 설계하였다. 또한 인터넷 환경에서의 그룹통신에 필요한 dynamic하고 global한 주소화 방식을 구현하기 위하여 IP 멀티캐스트 주소와 포트 번호의 결정 방법에 대한 구조 및 방식을 제시하였다. 특히 멀티캐스트 주소는 먼저 회의 준비단계에서 계층분산체계의 주소관리자들을 이용 하여, 그룹이 포함된 도메인명치을 이용하여 중앙의 주소 관리자에게 지역 주소관리자의 주소확인을 의뢰하고. 그룹웨어 응용이 동작시 해당지역의 주소관리자에게 Initiator의 IP 주소를 제시하여, 이중 network 주소부분을 이용하므로써 주소가 실시간에 생성될 수 있도록 하였다. 아울러 신뢰성있는 데이타 전송서비스를 기술하고, 끝으로 설계검증의 한 방법으로 이미 개발된 응용서비스에 적용하기 위한 전체적인 시스템구조를 논의하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5369-5377
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• 2014

본 우리나라의 불탑은 목탑, 전탑, 석탑 등 다양하게 조영되었다. 하지만 전래되어 지고 있는 불탑은 전탑, 석탑 등 소실되기 어려운 재질의 불탑 형식만이 있다. 석탑에 비해 전탑의 경우 실측 등 실물에 대한 자료는 어느 정도 진행되어 있으나, 문헌적인 자료 및 축조방법에 대한 연구는 아직까지 미흡한 실정이다. 그 이유는 현재 우리나라에 남아있는 전탑의 수가 그리 많지 않은 점, 지역적으로 제한적인 점, 재료적인 한계를 문헌적으로 극복하지 못한 점, 탑의 구성을 시대적, 지역적인 문제로 해석하지 않고 탑의 조영에만 초점을 맞추어 연구한 것 등 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 전탑이 축조된 지역에서의 지역적 문화적인 특성을 중심으로 전탑형성과정을 해석하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 우리나라와 중국과의 교류는 나타난 유적을 비교해 살펴보면, 실크로드를 통한 교류와 함께 해상경로로의 교류가 있었으며, 이러한 교류는 동아시아지역과도 함께 공유되었다. 그리고 중국과의 교류는 전파를 통한 맹목적인 습득이 아니라 지역적인 세력의 선택적인 교류라 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 우리나라에서 전탑이 조영된 이유로 이제까지의 지역에서 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 양질의 흙 뿐 만 아니라 불교적으로 중심세력에 부합하지 않는 의상의 화엄종의 교섭 및 당시의 시대적인 상황인 불교의 대중화, 지방세력의 거점화 등이 지방세력과의 밀접한 관계가 전탑 조영의 원인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전탑의 조영은 발해와 신라와의 교섭관계 및 지역적, 민족적 영향력이 작용하고 중국에서 넘어온 문화에 대한 선택적인 소산물이라 할 수 있다. 이 점은 전탑이 중국에서 실크로드를 통한 문화적인 전파 및 중국의 소국으로서의 발생이 아니라 하나의 민족국가의 형성에서 발생된 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2021

최근 딥러닝은 하드웨어 성능이 향상됨에 따라 자연어 처리, 영상 인식 등의 다양한 기술에 접목되어 활용되고 있다. 이러한 기술들을 활용해 지능형 교통 시스템(ITS), 스마트홈, 헬스케어 등의 산업분야에서 데이터를 분석하여 고속도로 속도위반 차량 검출, 에너지 사용량 제어, 응급상황 등과 같은 고품질의 서비스를 제공하며, 고품질의 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 정확도가 향상된 딥러닝 모델이 적용되어야 한다. 이를 위해 서비스 환경의 데이터를 분석하기 위한 딥러닝 모델을 개발할 때, 개발자는 신뢰성이 검증된 최신의 딥러닝 모델을 적용할 수 있어야 한다. 이는 개발자가 참조하는 딥러닝 모델에 적용된 학습 데이터셋의 정확도를 측정하여 검증할 수 있다. 이러한 검증을 위해서 개발자는 학습 데이터셋, 딥러닝의 계층구조 및 개발 환경 등과 같은 내용을 포함하는 딥러닝 모델을 문서화하여 적용하기 위한 구조적인 정보가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성있는 딥러닝 기반 데이터 분석 모델을 참조하기 위한 딥러닝 기술 언어를 제안한다. 제안하는 기술 언어는 신뢰성 있는 딥러닝 모델을 개발하는데 필요한 학습데이터셋, 개발 환경 및 설정 등의 정보와 더불어 딥러닝 모델의 계층구조를 표현할 수 있다. 제안하는 딥러닝 기술 언어를 이용하여 개발자는 지능형 교통 시스템에서 참조하는 분석 모델의 정확도를 검증할 수 있다. 실험에서는 제안하는 언어의 유효성을 검증하기 위해, 번호판 인식 모델을 중심으로 딥러닝 기술 문서의 적용과정을 보인다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1827-1838
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• 2022

Objective: The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. Methods: Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results: We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME/NM23 family member 8 (NME8), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AP member 1 (OR2AP1), and olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 4 (OR6C4). Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. Conclusion: The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.116-129
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• 2009

This study is to enhance the provincial leisure plans through various programs and infrastructure facilities and to establish a network of natural leisure areas in Gyeonggi-do. According to the result, first, in terms of analyzing the locations of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of urban parks is formed in the Capital area outside Seoul as centering around the central area. Moreover, with regard to the rest of forest and the rest of natural ecology learning, the area of the detention exceeds the total area of Gyeonggi-do. The rest of valleys and swamps showed a dotted pattern of the detention area while the rest of tideland and fishing village experience indicated a distribution of the detention area along the West Coast as an axis. Second, according to result of analyzing the accessibility of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of valleys and swamps showed the highest accessibility among the natural leisure areas : the rest of natural ecology learning had the medium level of accessibility; the rest of forest indicated the lowest accessibility. Therefore, it is necessary to create more leisure areas concerning the futures demands. In addition, they should be constructed in the places adjacent to the urban district area exhibiting higher usability and accessibility. In the places where there are many natural leisure area with higher utility, management plans should be deliberated as well. Based on the result of analyzing the rest of valleys and swamps and the rest of tideland and fishing village experience, it was found that the natural leisure area should improve the quality of water intensively and hydrophile property and create hydrophilic spaces. The development of natural leisure areas need to be carried out under the principle of environmental protection while considering historic sites and nearby rivers and lakes. Moreover, water leisure programs should be developed actively as well with further utilization of water resources in order to enhance the usability of natural leisure.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2019

A major performance stage carpenter, Jang Insang led performance stages from the 1719 Sukjong Royal Banquet and was confirmed by historical records to be the first craftsman. Lee Wandeuk led the Hwaseong Fortress performance stages of the Jeongjo period and Gichuk Jinchan performance stages of the Sunjo period. The carpenter techniques he used during the Jeongjo period were succeeded to the Sunjo period. Ahn Sungil was the head craftsman who led the performance stages of Jagyeongjeon Jinjak, Muja Jinjak, and Gichuk Jinchan of the Sujo period, under which the foundation for court palace performances was laid. The progression of major carpenters includes Jang Insang of the Sukjong period, Jeon Yoochu of the Yeongjo period, Ahn Sugil of the Sunjo period, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kim Yoonsik of the Gojong period, Lee Jongyoon, Kim Soongil, Seo Sangmook, and Han Sujoon. In addition, the Major Repair of Injeongjeon Hall (1857) of the Cheoljong period was the most important palace construction project for transferring the carpenters' skills. Through this project, Ahn Sungil of the Sunjo period, Kim Myeonggap, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kwon Deuknyang, and Kim Sungil of the Gojong period were able to interact with each other. That is, this major repair project of Injeongjeon Hall reflected the major carpenters' best techniques through performance stage construction, showing the progression of Ahn Sungil, Yoon Seokshin, and Kim Sungil, who led the constructions of Gichuk Jinchan of the Sunjo period (1829), Mushin Jinchan of the Heonjong period (1848), and Jeonghae Jinchan of the Gojong period (1887), the most impressive performance stages of the late Joseon period. The carpenters of the court performance stages participated in important construction projects of the royal palace, reflecting the superior technical skills of the carpenters in the construction of court palace performance stages. The carpenters who played a leading role in the construction of performance stages were able to interact with one another and transfer their excellent technical skills, providing the driving force that allowed court performance stages to blossom into splendid and high-quality court stages in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Architectural research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

The physical environment can dramatically affect students' feeling and their behavior, educational attainment, and the way in which we do school activities. Unlimited access to campus areas without appropriate securities have reported an increase of crime in school area and safety issues has encouraged school facility planners to install securities devices at every corner of buildings. However, it is still questionable whether this approach is enough to protect students and staffs from the victimization of crime, including thefts, burglaries and sexual offences. There has been continued doubt about the safety of educational facilities where individual college students are studying and enjoying extra-curricular activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is intended to investigate the effects of perception of safety by students on the level of academic performance at public outdoor environment of university campus. An extensive literature noted that the central element of modern school design principle mainly holds the theory of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and the concept of defensible space. The second generation of CPTED also focused on social soft issues as well as situational factors, which extends beyond mere physical design to include social factors. The correlation analysis found that the effect of sense of safety does appear to be statistically significant on the facilitation of academic achievement. However, the analysis of Chi-square concluded that the perception of safety was not related to demographic and socio-economic profiles of the group except for gender. Further, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most prime predictor for academic achievement were 'safe public outdoor space/paths' at university campus environment, implying careful design of public open space and sidewalks based on the guideline of CPTED. The study also demonstrated that as the level of positive perception of safety rose, the overall academic achievement also responded to the specified rate (${\beta}=.99$). Finally, the findings reinforce an evidence that high-quality school environments are a positive factor in student academic performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2019

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes related to pig IMF, especially using pig populations with high IMF content variation, can help to establish novel molecular breeding tools for optimizing IMF in pork and unveil the mechanisms that underlie fat metabolism. Methods: We collected muscle samples of 453 Chinese Lulai black pigs, measured IMF content by Soxhlet petroleum-ether extraction method, and genotyped genome-wide SNPs using GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Porcine HD BeadChip. Then a genome-wide association study was performed using a linear mixed model implemented in the GEMMA software. Results: A total of 43 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with IMF content by the cutoff p<0.001. Among these significant SNPs, the greatest number of SNPs (n = 19) were detected on Chr.9, and two linkage disequilibrium blocks were formed among them. Additionally, 17 significant SNPs are mapped to previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IMF and confirmed previous QTLs studies. Forty-two annotated genes centering these significant SNPs were obtained from Ensembl database. Overrepresentation test of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms revealed some enriched reactome pathways and GO terms, which mainly involved regulation of basic material transport, energy metabolic process and signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of IMF content in pork and facilitate the follow-up study of fine-mapping genes that influence fat deposition in muscle.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.47-47
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• 2010

Over the past 20 years, constant progress in noise and vibration (NVH) engineering has enabled to constantly advance quality and comfort of operation and use of really any products - from automobiles to aircraft, to all kinds of industrial vehicles and machines - to the extend that for many products, supreme NVH performance has becomes part of its brand image in the market. At the same time, the product innovation agenda in the automotive, aircraft and really many other industries, has been extended very much in recent years by meeting ever more strict environmental regulations. Like in the automotive industry, the drive towards meeting emission and CO2 targets leads to very much accelerated adoption of new powertrain concepts (downsizing of ICE, hybrid-electrical...), and to new vehicle architectures and the application of new materials to reduce weight, which bring new challenges for not only maintaining but further improving NVH performance. This drives for innovation in NVH engineering, so as to succeed in meeting a product brand performance for NVH, while as the same time satisfying eco-constraints. Product innovation has also become increasingly dependent on the adoption of electronics and software, which drives for new solutions for NVH engineering that can be applied for NVH performance optimization of mechatronic products. Finally, relentless pressure to shorten time to market while maintaining overall product quality and reliability, mandates that the practice and solutions for NVH engineering can be optimally applied in all phases of product development. The presentation will first review the afore trends for product and process innovation, and discuss the challenges they represent for NVH engineering. Next, the presentation discusses new solutions for NVH engineering of products, so as to meet target brand values, while at the same time meeting ever more strict eco constraints, and this within a context of increasing adoption of electronics and controls to drive product innovation. NVH being very much defined by system level performance, these solutions implement the approach of "Model Based System Engineering" to increase the impact of system level analysis for NVH in all phases of product development: - At the Concept Phase, to be able to do business case analysis of new product concepts; to arrive at an optimized and robust product architecture (e.g. to hybrid powertrain lay-out, to optimize fuel economy); to enable target cascading, to subsystem and component level. - In Development Phase, to increase realism and productivity of simulation, so as to frontload virtual validation of components and subsystems and to further reduce reliance on physical testing. - During the final System Testing Phase, to enable subsystem testing by a combination of physical testing and simulation: using simulation models to simulate the final integration context when testing a subsystem, enabling to frontload subsystem testing before final system integration is possible. - To interconnect Mechanical, Electronical and Controls engineering, in all phases of development, by supporting model driven controls engineering (MIL, SIL, HIL). Finally, the presentation reviews examples of how LMS is implementing such new applications for NVH engineering with lead customers in Europe, Asia and US, with demonstrated benefits both in terms of shortening development cycles, and/or enabling a simulation based approach to reduce reliance on physical testing.