• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1448-1457
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• 2019

Objective: The present work aimed at evaluating the effects of carcass quality grade (QG) on the quality characteristics of pork meat according to Korean carcass QG system. Methods: Pork carcasses with varying in QG: 1+ (QG1+, n = 10), 1 (QG1, n = 10) and 2 (QG2, n = 10), were used to evaluate the relationship between carcass QG and meat quality. The meat quality traits, fatty acid profiles, flavor compounds and sensory qualities were measured on the longissimus dorsi muscle samples of these carcasses. Results: Pork meat of higher QG (QG1+) presented significantly higher fat content (5.43%), C18:2n-6 level (19.03%) and total unsaturated fatty acids content (62.72%). Also, the QG1+ meat was significantly higher in levels of classes of flavor compounds such as aldehydes, alcohols and hydrocarbons in comparison to those of the meat samples from the lower QG groups. The sensory evaluation results (flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability scores) of QG1+ meat was significantly higher than the QG1 and QG2 meats. The pork with lower QG (i.e., QG2) was found positively correlated to redness (r = 0.987), C18:1n-9 level (r = 1.000) but negatively correlated to the fat content (r = -0.949), and flavor (r = -0.870), juiciness (r = -0.861), tenderness (r = -0.862) and acceptability (r = -0.815) scores. Conclusion: The pork with higher QG had higher fat content, total unsaturated fatty acids and better eating quality, thus producing pork with higher QGs should be considered in order to satisfy the consumer's expectation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2022

Chicken dominates meat consumption because it is low in fat and high in protein and has less or no religious and cultural barriers. Recently, meat quality traits have become the focus of the poultry industry more than ever. Currently, poultry farming is focusing on meat quality to satisfy meat consumer preferences, which are mostly based on high-quality proteins and a low proportion of saturated fatty acids. Meat quality traits are polygenic traits controlled by many genes. Thus, it is difficult to improve these traits using the conventional selection method because of their low to moderate heritability. These traits include pH, colour, drop loss, tenderness, intramuscular fat (IMF), water-holding capacity, flavour, and many others. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an efficient genomic tool that identifies the genomic regions and potential candidate genes related to meat quality traits. Due to their impact on the economy, meat quality traits are used as selection criteria in breeding programs. Various genes and markers related to meat quality traits in chickens have been identified. In chickens, GWAS have been successfully done for intramuscular fat (IMF) content, ultimate pH (pHu) and meat and skin colour. Moreover, GWAS have identified 7, 4, 4 and 6 potential candidate genes for IMF, pHu, meat colour and skin colour, respectively. Therefore, the current review summarizes the significant genes identified by genome-wide association studies for meat quality traits in chickens.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.379-383
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• 2015

Indicators of environmental conditions describe the state of the environment and the quantity and quality of natural resources. This study deduced the evaluation items to assess each sub-indicator for agricultural water quality and conducted the surveying using the Delphi method based on agricultural water quality experts. Considering its importance, environmental, state, and management indicators showed that state indicator such as COD concentration for surface water and $NO_3-N$ concentration for groundwater was ranked as first and followed by amount of fertilizer. Its indicators were correlated with state and environmental indicators in surface water and groundwater. The best management indicators were calculated to assess the agricultural surface water and ground water quality. The indicator could be used in established policies for management and conservation of water resources.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.781-790
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• 2005

Nowaday, statistical data with coherence, accuracy and timeliness are necessary to government, company and research center for decision making or research. In other words, the importance of statistical data quality is steadily increasing. Thus, in this paper, we suggest necessity of measuring customer satisfaction with NSO products for enhancing quality. And we construct measurement scale for measuring customer satisfaction based on the statistical quality indicators. Also we advise use of structural equation model in relation analysis for statistic quality elevation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.439-441
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 센서네트워크에서 Link Quality를 이용하여 코드와 같은 대용량의 데이터를 적을 에너지로 다르게 전파하는 LQNP 기법을 제안한다. 센서 네트워크에서 코드의 전파 방법에 대한 기존 연구들은 Link Quality를 고려하지 않고 코드를 전파하는 정책을 쓰고 있다. 패킷 손실이 많은 센서네트워크에서 이 방법은 적합하지 않기 때문에 본 논문에서는 패킷 손실이 많은 상황에서도 효율적인 코드 전파를 수행할 수 있도록 Link Quality를 이용하는 방법을 살펴본다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate feed value of imported hays and examine current situation of species and hay grade. To evaluate the quality of the imported hay, 133 pieces including 9 species of roughage types were collected at the national hay importers, the TMR companies and livestock farms from 2016 to 2018. The quality grades of imported hay were 3~4 and most imported hay were considered to had low. The ADF, Ash, TDN and DDM in feed composition of alfalfa by quality grades presented significant differences(p<0.05). The quality grade on alfalfa was not similar to the actual quality grades calculated through feed composition. The feed composition of grasses by quality degrees presented significant differences in all contents except DM and CP (p<0.05). As the distributed grasses of the unmarked quality grade was low quality and accounted for 49%, it is urgent to present quality standards based on feed composition. As these results, the grades of imported hays were lower than the marked quality grades. Therefore, the imported roughage's(hay) price that considered to only quality grades on the marked imported roughages(hay) package can cause a loss to the livestock farms as economic damage. An institutional arrangement should be established to review the quality grades of imported hay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1049-1054
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• 2003

A group of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers (n=14,386) was sampled from a commercial abattoir located in Seoul over one year period (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their carcass traits were collected. Carcass traits assessed by an official meat grader comprised degree of marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity for quality grade, and back fat thickness, ribeye area and carcass weight for yield grade. A heavier carcass with a higher marbling score, more red meat color and white fat color received better quality grade (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the marbling score was the strongest attribute (partial $R^2=0.88$) for quality grade. Lighter carcasses with a thinner back fat and larger ribeye area received higher yield grade score. The back fat thickness was the most negative determinant of yield grade (Partial $R^2=-0.66$). The slaughter season had a little effect on quality and yield grades. As slaughter weight increased, back fat thickness and ribeye area increased linearly, whereas marbling score reached its asymptotic level at approximately 570 kg. As a consequence, quality grade showed a considerable improvement up to 570 kg, but increases in slaughter weight afterward showed a little benefit on quality grade. There was a clear curvilinear relationship between slaughter weight and yield grade in that the yield grade reached its highest point at approximately 490 kg and decreased afterward. These results suggested that 570kg at the age of 24 months might be the economic slaughter weight for quality grade but 490 kg for yield grade.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.576-588
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• 2017

Some of the mariculture grounds near Ongjin-gun, Korea, were designated as mariculture management areas in 2007. Areas are so designated when the environmental quality of the mariculture ground deteriorates or there is an outbreak of hypoxia or harmful red tide that kills mariculture organisms. We surveyed the water and sediment quality and examined the mortality of mariculture organisms in the Ongjin-gun mariculture area. In a survey conducted in 2016, the water quality was better than the environmental quality standards for mariculture grounds, excepts for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and the sediment quality was good. However, there was still mortality of mariculture organisms in some of the designated management areas. The areas that met the environmental quality standards should be delisted and the areas in which we observed mortality should be classified as management areas. This will enable the sustainable development of aquaculture and preserve healthy mariculture grounds.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1314-1326
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• 2023

Sheep and goats can efficiently convert low quality forage into high-quality meat which contains specific nutrients and quality traits. Carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat depend upon several factors and one of most effective strategies amongst these is feeding regimens. In this review, the major aspects of feeding regimens affecting growth rate, carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on physical-chemical composition, flavor profile, and fatty acid (FA) profile. Grazing lambs and kids receiving concentrate or under stall-feeding systems had greater average daily gain and carcass yield compared with animals reared on pasture only. However, growth rate was higher in lambs/kids grazing on pastures of improved quality. Moreover, the meat of grazing lambs receiving concentrate had more intense flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and unhealthy FA composition, but comparable color, tenderness, juiciness, and protein content compared to that of lambs grazed on grass only. In contrast, meat of concentrate-fed lambs had more intense color, greater tenderness and juiciness, IMF and protein contents, and lower flavor linked to meat. Additionally, the meat of kids grazed on concentrate supplementation had higher color coordinates, tenderness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, whereas juiciness and flavor protein content were similar. In contrast, kids with concentrate supplementation had superior color coordinates, juiciness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, but lower tenderness and flavor intensity compared to pasture-grazed kids. Thus, indoor-finished or supplemented grazing sheep/goats had higher growth rate and carcass quality, higher IMF content and unhealthy FA composition compared to animals grazed on grass only. Finally, supplementation with concentrate increased flavor intensity in lamb meat, and improved color and tenderness in kid meat, whereas indoor-fed sheep/goats had improved color and juiciness as well as reduced flavor compared to pasture-grazed animals.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The air quality management in regional viewpoint was investigated for the improvement of national air pollution with various standard air pollutants. The focal region in this research is north-eastern region in asia where the many developing industries are located in neighboring countries. The major concerns were the trends of air quality in recent years and the state of environmental technologies and policies of air quality in each countries. The regional air quality management for the improvement of air pollution and the effective programs were suggested for the effective air quality management.