• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2009

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (FR, 8 to 14 d of age) on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Birds were fed corresponding diets from 3 to 35 d of age, which consisted of three phases: starter (3 to 7 d of age), FR (8 to 14 d of age) and re-alimentation (15 to 35 d of age) phases. During the FR period, each group of birds was fed the basal diet ad libitum (CON), 85% (EN85) and 70% (EN70) of lower calorie diet ad libitum (qualitative FR), and 85% (FI85) and 70% (FI70) of voluntary intake on a daily basis (quantitative FR). As a result, there was no statistical difference in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio between the CON and quantitative or qualitative FR groups during the entire (3 to 35 d) periods. In particular, the EN85 group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain compared with the EN70, FI85 and FI70 groups. Plasma total protein and albumin at 14 d of age (during FR) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the quantitative and qualitative FR groups, but these parameters at 35 d of age (after re-alimentation) were higher (p<0.05) in the EN85 and EN70 groups than in the CON group. Plasma IgG level was unaffected by dietary FR procedure. In cytokines, there was no significant difference in the expression of lymphocytic IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ at 14 d of age between the FR and the CON groups, whereas lymphocytic IL-6 and iNOS expression were significantly (p<0.05) lower in FI85 and FI70 groups. Moreover, lymphocytic iNOS was also significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitative and quantitative diets compared with those fed ad libitum. In the thymus, IL-4 expression was higher (p<0.05) in FI85 and FI70 groups, whereas IL-6 expression was lower (p<0.05) in the FI85 and FI70 groups than in the CON group. Thymic iNOS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitatively and quantitatively restricted diets compared with those fed ad libitum. At 35 d of age, there was no difference in the expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ of lymphocytes and thymus between the FR and CON groups. In conclusion, 85% of quantitative and qualitative FR would have a beneficial effect on the expression of some cytokines including IL-4 and iNOS without change in growth performance of birds.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

This study identifies communication patterns of groups using synchronous text communication medium for their group decision-making, and examines how these patterns are associated with creative solutions to problems. Our research suggests that certain communication behavior of groups, when appropriately organized, can be of help in enhancing creative production of outcomes. A qualitative study was conducted on communication patterns based on an analysis of text-based electronic conversation protocols. Specifically this research tried to overcome existing studies on electronic groups by focusing on interactive process of communication among participants. The major study conclusion; are: (1) The production of creative outcome may depend on the process or sequence of discussion among group members with synchronous text communication medium. That is, proper interactive responses and appropriate control of the discussion process are essential to obtain a high level of performance. (2) It is importantto make discuss rules based on meta-cognitive and interactive protocols in the early stage. Explicit rules relating to internal group processes as well as communication medium use are even more important to groups with electronic communication medium than face-to-face groups.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1425-1429
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• 2007

Consumer's product selection measures are being shifted from the units' operational performance to overall performance. Low noise, low vibration, and low power consumption rate, etc. which used to be additional quality indices, now become vital performance factors. Especially, noise and vibration characteristics are being considered as equivalent to/or even more critical than operational performance in certain products such as office machines and home entertainment systems, which share the same space with human being's daily life. Therefore, noise reduction and sound quality improvement technology becomes an inevitable design issue for those applications. Qualitative noise characteristics of rotating polygonal disk applied to digital printer systems are presented. Overall sound pressure level change and tonal noise variation with respect to the geometrical properties of polygonal disk, operational speed, and others are briefly discussed based on experimental results.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.606-611
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• 2008

Consumer's product selection measures are being shifted from the units' operational performance to overall performance. Low noise, low vibration, and low power consumption rate, etc. which used to be additional quality indices, now become vital performance factors. Especially, noise and vibration characteristics are being considered as equivalent to/or even more critical than operational performance in certain products such as office machines and home entertainment systems, which share the same space with human being's daily life. Therefore, noise reduction and sound quality improvement technology becomes an inevitable design issue for those applications. Qualitative noise characteristics of rotating polygonal disk applied to digital printer systems are presented. Overall sound pressure level change and tonal noise variation with respect to the geometrical properties of polygonal disk, operational speed, and others are briefly discussed based on experimental results.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2006

The suggestions that follow are about the Qualitative Improvement of private security Industrial. First, in legal and institutional policy, new establishment by law for private security and more support from government is asked. Moreover, the restructuring or M&A between petty companies and the pricing for security service should be performed. Second, in the structural aspect of private security industry, the professional education center for private security guards should be established and the terms of payment and welfare should be improved to the level above standard. In addition, it should be achieved to change the public to have a new and correct understanding of private security and develope the specialized parts suited to the characteristic and ability of each companies. Third, the construction of operating system for private security service should be achieved; recruit system for competent security guards, marketing strategy and enforcement system, widely known confidence to client, normal training system for security guards and post management system for client. This is also to be suited to the characteristic of each companies.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2001

The proposed system measures business performance by considering both VA(Value-Added), which represents stakeholder's point of view and EVA(Economic Value-Added), which represents shareholder's point of view. To do so, we suggest a business performance scheme which utilizes VA per Capita (Value- Added/Workers) and EVA to Invested Capital(Economic Value-Added /Invested Capital). For effective measurement of business performance, we consider simultaneously not only quantitative financial factors such as VA, EVA and cash flow but also qualitative value drivers such as defect ratio, inventory level, customer satisfaction, enterprise culture and so on. However, we don't consider the qualitative factors due to the limited data. To demonstrate the performance of the system, we conducted a case study using financial data of Korean automobile industry over 16 years from 1981 to 1996, which is taken from database of KISFAS (Korea Investors Services Financial Analysis System).

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

This study was fulfilled in the purpose of proposing construction strategies of fashion information industry through the analysis of information user's satisfaction/dissatisfaction on information quality. The research was performed through a depth interview. Data were collected from 18 fashion information users(designers and merchandisers) who were working at fashion apparel industry during October to November 2007. Results from the study showed that there were three dimensions and 18 components of satisfaction/dissatisfaction on fashion information quality: Information quality(understandability, value-added, level of detail, relevance, diversity, objectivity, completeness, accuracy, quantitativeness), Service quality(responsiveness, accessibility, cost efficiency, empathy, reliability), System quality(currency, ease of use, format, timeliness). And the information users were perceiving that there were some changes in notion of preferring information, searching for information and usage of information.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to develop and verify the effectiveness of the career education program for unwed mothers to facilitate to consider their career plan and career orientation. The program of this study was based on the Super's developmental theory. The program was done twice a week totally 8 times. The subject of the program is unwed mothers from 16 to 25 years old. One-group pretest-posttest design was held. The quantitative and qualitative researches were carried out. In quantitative research, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was done with SPSS Window 10.0 to evaluate the effectiveness of the career education program. In qualitative research, the content of discussion in the course of group process, investigation, and the materials which were made from the group members were analysed to the objects of program. The results of this study was proven to develop career maturity, career decision level, and career identity. Finally, the meanings of this consequences were discussed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2021

M-learning is one of the most important modern learning environments in developed countries, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Ministry of Education policies in Saudi Arabia, gender segregation in education reflects the country's religious values, which are a part of the national policy. Thus, it will help many in the target audience to accept online learning more easily in Saudi society. The literature review indicates the importance to use the UTAUT conceptual framework to study the level of acceptance through adding a new construct to the model which is Mobile Application Quality. The study focuses on the end user's requirements to use M-learning applications. It is conducted with a qualitative method to find out the students' and companies' opinions who working in the M-learning field to determine the requirements for the development of M-learning applications that are compatible with the aspirations of conservative societies.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2020

Objectives: This study explored the community food environmental factors affecting food purchasing using a qualitative research methodology for the elderly as well as the various food environments under their socioeconomic diversity. Methods: For the qualitative data collection, this study interviewed 20 elderly people aged 65 years or more, who participated in a public health program or lunch services operated by the senior welfare center in Seoul. Five dimensions, such as availability, physical accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and accommodation suggested in previous studies, were used to identify the community food environmental factors. Results: The elderly participants showed overall similarities to the concepts derived from existing studies on the five dimensions of food accessibility environment. In addition, other important food accessibility environmental factors that were not present in previous studies, such as acceptability for a product of domestic origin, delivery service to home, and small-packaged food sales, were derived. On the other hand, the concept of some subjects differed depending on the household income and specifically for the physical accessibility concept. This showed that the close distance factor from a grocery store at home might not apply to older adults in low-income households in Korea. Conclusions: This study found that five dimensions of the food environment suggested by previous studies could also be applied to vulnerable older adults in Korea. On the other hand, the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and households would affect the perspectives of their local food environments differently. The findings of this study could help in the development of tools for evaluating the community food environment.