• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.113-126
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• 2016

The main purpose of this study is to provide the necessary information for educational intervention by discovering the components and factors related to the adaptation experience of male students in the department of nursing. The participants were seven male nursing students. Data were collected from in-depth interviews, and the results were analyzed by the Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. The main components of adaptation experience of participants were summarized into four categories: 'hopes and expectations for the future careers,' 'conflicts and wandering under realistic issues,' 'compromise and emotion management,' and 'efforts for self-growth.' Causative, accelerative, and recursive characteristics were shown among these components. The adaptation process was structured in the temporal context. The results suggest that for amicable adaptation, internal controls, such as 'improving willpower,' 'inspiring solid career awareness,' and 'selecting adaptation strategy' were all critical. Moreover, the support of families, relatives, college seniors, and department professors were revealed as the factors that help in the adaptation experiences. Based on the results, further studies are required to identify the dropout rates by maladaptation of male nursing students, and analyze possible factors that contribute to dropout and maladaptation. In addition, it is necessary to construct various coping methods and practical support systems, as well as to develop appropriate educational programs.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.159-187
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to verify the status of current digital comics research trends and the characteristics in Korea. For this purpose, 87 articles and dissertations published between 19900 to 2012 were analysed by a meta-analysis methods. Digital comics platforms, topics, methods were examined to understand the landscape of the digital comics in Korean context. The main results of this study are as follow. First of all, the number of researches on the digital comics has been in the rise, and the various academic journals have published articles to understand the digital comics on the basis of their own academic background. Despite of the short history of digital comics researches, the range of research subjects has been broaden, and more integrated approaches have been taken from the various research fields. The content of articles, however, was skewed to a certain platform, topic and the method such as the website based comics, the text analysis, and the qualitative methodology. Thus, the more systematic and integrated approaches are needed to understand the digital comics issues and to build up the digital comics studies.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

Independent short animation was the expression method for young animation creators through creative and progressive representation. Since the birth of animation, independent short animation has become a driving force for qualitative development and diversification of animation. This has brought many works to the world that emphasize experimentation and challenges in the history of animation and in countries that have the rich animation resources such as France, Japan, and Canada, they recognize its importance and supports young creators in order to maintain the value of it. However, Korean animations are evaluated the quality of works by the popularity of the children, moreover, companies that focus on developing and selling products, including toys, rather than animation works themselves and public awareness that accepts them are formed throughout the Korean animation industry. Because of these points, Korean animation creators can not express the creative vision for the future and philosophical awareness of the problem and they are trapped in commercial animation markets. In order to re-leap and expand the Korean animation industry, which has reached the saturation level with infant animation, it is necessary to reestablish the value of independent short animations with challenging and experimental characteristics and requires the creative environment and support system for the diversity of Korean animation industries, including the achieving commercial goals through good planning, story development and technological innovation. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the current state of production, screening, distribution, and government support of independent short animation in Korea, and explores the structural problems and solutions.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.321-334
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• 2020

The US Federal Reserve (Fed) has decided to cut interest rates. When we look at the expression of the FOMC statements at the time of policy change period we can understand that Fed has been communicating with markets through a change of word selection. However, there is a criticism that the method of analyzing the expression of the decision sentence through the context can be subjective and limited in qualitative analysis. In this paper, we evaluate the signaling effect of FOMC statements based on previous research. We analyze decision making characteristics from the viewpoint of text mining and try to predict future policy trend changes by capturing changes in expressions between statements. For this purpose, a decision tree and neural network models are used. As a result of the analysis, it can be judged that the discrepancy indicators between statements could be used to predict the policy change in the future and that the US Federal Reserve has systematically implemented policy signaling through the policy statements.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-234
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• 2012

Technology roadmaps (TRMs) are considered to be the essential tool for strategic technology planning and management. Recently, rapidly evolving technological trends and severe technological competition are making TRM more important than ever before. That is because TRM plays a role of "map" that align organizational objectives with their relevant technologies. However, constructing and managing TRMs are costly and time-consuming because they rely on the qualitative and intuitive knowledge of human experts. Therefore, enhancing the productivity of developing TRMs is one of the major concerns in technology planning. In this regard, this paper proposes a technology roadmapping approach based on function of which concept includes objectives, structures and effects of a technology and which are represented as Subject-Action-Object structures extractable by exploiting natural language processing of patent text. We expect that the proposed method will broaden experts' technological horizons in the technology planning process and will help to construct TRMs efficiently with the reduced time and costs.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.533-543
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• 2007

This study characterized and qualitatively analyzed the storm events recorded in the Annals of Chosun Dynasty. First of all, the storm events are retrieved using the like Keun-Bi (big rain), Keun-Mul (high water), Hong-Soo (flood), and Pok-Woo (torrential rain). The storm events cited as Keun-Bi do not include any in detail explanation about the storm and damages, but the storm events cited as Keun-Mul, Hong-Soo, and Pok-Woo generally include in detail information. That is, the Keun-Bi was named simply based on the amount of rainfall, but the other three were named considering the runoff with significant damages. Evaluation of effective rainfall derived by the simple SCS method showed that most storm events named Keun-Bi had small antecedent five day rainfall amount to be categorized into AMC-1, but the others mostly into AMC-III. As result, the effective rainfall of Keun-Mul, Hong-Soo, and Pok-Woo were estimated much higher than those of Keun-Bi. Most storm events with lengthy explanation belong to the events with lots of damages, which also includes Keun-Mul, Hong-Soo, and Pok-Woo.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

A method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of geosmin, odorant produced by several actinomycetes and cyanobacteria, was established and optimized. The effects of environmental conditions on the growth of Phormidium sp. NIVA-CYA7 were examined and the production and release of geosmin by the species was analyzed by using the purge and trap-gas chromatographic technique. One of the major advantages of the technique established in the present study is that the preparation of sample is simpler and purge time is shorter. Under the culture conditions (pH 7.9, $20^{\circ}C$, 120-140 $\mu$E/$m^2$/s and Z8 medium), Phormidium showed growth characteristics with a lag phase for 8 days and an exponential phase for 14 days followed by a stationary phase. Reduction of inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the culture medium from 250 to 100 or 25 $\mu$M brought no significant effect on the cell growth. However, the cell growth was significantly inhibited with decreasing concentrations of inorganic phosphorus from 25 to 10 or 2.5 $\mu$M. When the inorganic phosphorus concentration in the medium was lowered from 25 to 10 $\mu$M, the levels of geosmin in the organism expressed as percentages per unit TOC and chlorophyII-$\alpha$ increased by 35% and 68%, respectively. When the initial pH of the medium was 9.4, geosmin content was 0.0824 $\mu$g/mg C, which was 2-fold higher than that at pH 7.9 Consequently, the level of geosmin in Phormidium was found to vary with growth phases of the culture, external inorganic phosphorus concentration and external pH, while the release of geosmin was not significantly affected by the factors.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.903-913
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the content analysis of daily tooth cleaning service records by caregivers in a long-term care facility. Methods: The data were analyzed by qualitative research based on content analysis of the daily records of the processes and results of daily tooth cleaning service. Twenty caregivers provided tooth, gum and denture cleaning service after breakfast, lunch, and dinner to 48 elderly residents. The study lasted about two weeks(from August 4 to August 20, 2014). The researcher reconstructed the language by repeatedly reviewing the caregivers statements in the records. The content categories were derived from the records through a reiterative manual comparative analysis. Using constant comparison method, reconstructed meanings were incorporated into various meanings and reanalyzed by final categories called as analytic coding. In order to validate the reliability, 6 times of discussion made the common meanings through a master's degree student and a dental hygiene professor. Results: The caregivers identified lack of understanding and ability to recognize the functional physical and mental changes in the elderly. The elderly had difficulty in recognizing silent communication and daily tooth cleaning. The caregivers were so strenuous in taking care of the daily tooth cleaning service for the elderly. At last, they gave up the daily tooth cleaning service and took on it to the guardians. They found that there was no social supporting network for oral health of the elderly residents. Conclusions: Caregivers had insufficient understanding of the functional physical and mental changes in the elderly residents, and they had difficulty providing daily tooth cleaning service to the elderly due to poor skill and abilities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.387-396
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• 2005

The aims of the study were to establish a short-term screening test for detecting testicular toxicity of chemicals in rats and to determine whether a 2-week administration period is sufficient to detect testicular toxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) as an example. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously administered with 1000 mg/kg/day of 2-BP or its vehicle for 2 weeks. Ten male rats each were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 after the initiation of treatment. Parameters of testicular toxicity included genital organ weights, testicular sperm head counts, epididymal sperm counts, motility and morphology, and qualitative and quantitative histopathologic examinations. The early histopathological changes observed on day 3 of treatment included degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V. On day 7 of treatment, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in stages VII and XII. On day 14 after treatment, a significant decrease in the weights of testes and seminal vesicles was found. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in all spermatogenic stages were also observed. In addition, a slight non-significant decrease in testicular sperm head counts, daily sperm production rate and epididymal sperm counts was found. The results showed that 2 weeks of treatment is sufficient to detect the adverse effects of 2-BP on male reproductive organs. It is considered that the short-term testicular toxicity study established in this study can be a useful tool for screening the testicular toxic potential of new drug candidates in rats.