• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.85-97
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• 2010

This study analyzed the distribution, structure and environmental condition of the vegetation of the Chionanthus retusus Lindly et Paxton community at the Wansanchielbong in the Jeonju city to offer basic data for sustainable conservation and ecological management system. And the results are as follows; 1. The average pH of soil at the community was pH 5.69 and it was slightly higher than the average of forest soil pH of Korea. But if the degree of pH will be down, it will be needed some more fertilization of Calcium. 2. The total average for contents of organism was 4.98%. And the nitrate - nitrogen content(mg/kg) of A, B, C, D quadrat was 20.29%, 28.87%, 7.65%, and 23.3% respectively. And there were good condition except quadrat C which was contaminated by amount of earth and sand. 3. The flora of the Chionanthus retusus Lindly et Paxton community was listed as 60 taxa; 37 families, 50 genera, 47 species, 10 varieties and 3 forms. The average appearance species of each Quadrat were A sector 30, B sector 26, C sector 19 and D 19 taxa respectively. 4. Surveyed woody plants in the community were as follows : Chionanthus retusus, Zelkova serrata, Quercus variabilis, Cornus walteri, Robinia pseudo-acacia and those were mixed status. And Chionanthus retusus, Zelkova serrata, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Albizzia julibrisin, Cudrania tricuspidata, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa were mixed in mid layer trees. Herbaceous plants were founded such as Chionanthus retusus, Zelkova serrata, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Grewia parviflora, Rosa multiflora, Trachelospermum asiaticum was dominant with 35~64% in the ground cover, and Commelina communis, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Dryopteris bissetiana, Lilium lancifolium were founded also. 5. The importance values of Chionanthus retusus was 40.2% in the quadrat A1, 50.2% at quadrat A, 50.0% B1, 45.2% B2, 22.4% C1, 73.6% C2, 33.2% D1 and the total average of I.V. was 44.9%. 6. The average height of surveyed Chionanthus retusus was 5.7m and the average DBH was 12.4cm. The number of trees higher than 2m were 107 and the number of trees lower than 2m were 63. The total numbers of Chionanthus retusus were 170. 7. The age of surveyed Chionanthus retusus were analyzed 42 thru 87 years old and that of Zelkova serrata were 42, Quercus variabilis were 60, Quercus aliena were 48, Robinia pseudo-acacia were 40. 8. The number of trees with DBH 40 through 50cm were 6, and that of 30~39cm were 3, and that of 20~29cm were 16, so the total number that was over 20cm was 25. And there were 70 trees under 10cm of DBH and 63 seedlings. It will be very important data to conserve the habitat that the structure and environmental condition of the Chionanthus retusus Lindly et Paxton community at the Wansanchielbong was stable, and sustainable monitoring will be needed. Now that community is nurse forest of Jeonju City but more positive preservation plan will be needed and assigning monument of city or province also be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.422-427
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• 1997

Vegetation and environment in natural habitats of Aster scaber and Epimedium koreanum around Chunchon was studied to eatablish agroforestry technology for high quality production of wild vegetable. The number of species within the quadrat in natural habitat of Aster scaber was respectively 20, 26, and 25 in Chunchon A, Mt. Yeonyup A, and Mt. Yeonyup B. The number of species within the quadrat in natural habitat of Epimedium koreanum was respectively 15, 32, and 26 in Chunchon B, Bukbangmyon, and Mt. Taeryong. The dominant species in habitat of Aster scaber was respectively Artemisia keiskeana, Disporun smilacinum, and Calamagrostis arundinacea in Chunchon A, Mt. Yeonyup A, and My. Yeonyup B while that in habitat of Epimedium koreanum was respectively Pteridium aquilinum. Artemisia keiskeana, and Disporun smilacinum in Chunchon B, Bukbangmyon, and Mt. Taeryong. Soil pH in habitats of Aster scaber and Epimedium koreanum ranged from 4.5 to 5.3. The contents of organic matter in habitat soil ranged from 1.5% in Chunchon A to 5.5% in Mt. Yeonyup B. The contents of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in soil were respectively 0.0043 mg/kg in habitat of Aster scaber and 0.0025mg/kg in habitat of Epimedium koreanum.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2013

To quantitatively analyze the effects of burning, we conducted a vegetation survey in the grasslands in Kirigamine, central Japan. We classified each species into stages of succession based on the life-history traits of the species and defined the score of the species in each stand based on the classification. We weighted the scores with a v-value, the product of coverage and height in the quadrat, and summed them to calculate the index of dynamic status. With these indices, we were able to quantitatively compare the stands in the study area and discern minute differences between the stands with different lengths of restoration periods since the disturbance of burning. These indices correlated with the v-value of trees, suggesting that the disturbance of burning seemed to affect the trees in the stand. We then calculated the growth of the tree species Pinus densiflora to evaluate its contribution to the index of dynamic status.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2008

The seasonal variation and vertical distribution of the marine algal community were investigated using the quadrat method from February 2006 to January 2007 at 10 sites in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. In total, 48 red, 17 brown, and 13 green algal taxa were identified. The algal vertical distribution in the intertidal zone was characterized by Ulva pertusa, while the upper tidal zone was dominated by Gelidium divaricatum. The middle zone was primarily composed of Enteromorpha linza, Sargassum thunbergii, and Chondracanthus intermedia, whereas Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, and Corallina pilulifera characterized the low tidal zone. Results of cluster analysis indicated that algal composition fell into two groups, which were composed of species in the inland and open sea. In conclusion, the number of species, diversity, and abundance of vegetation in this area were remarkably reduced compared to previous studies in Gwangyang Bay.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

In this thesis, we analysed urban fires and developed the predictive mapping technique by using GIS and spatial statistics. It presented the correlation between the fire data of last 5 years ($2001{\sim}2005$) and the factor of civilization environment in Daegu city. We produced a model of fire hazard predictive map by analyzing uncertainty of fire with the quadrat analysis and the poisson distribution.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.494-506
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• 1982

The community structure and dynamic succession of forest were determinated on the quadrat plots selected randomly at the Mt. Bomun. The plot size was $20{\times}20m$, and analysis of vegetation and soil 'data we re adapted reciprocal averaging(RA) ordination method. 1. The numbers of tree species were twenty, and dominant species were Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta, and Pinus rigida. 2. The forest of Mt. Bomun was found to be composed of Pinus rigida community and Quercus-Pinus community through RA ordination method. 3. The community of Quercus variabilis was assumed to be dominant in the succession of forest. 4. The soil factors, such as total-N, $NO_3$, $NH_4^+$, $P_2O_5$, organic matter, C. E. C., pH, $K^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, were analyzed. Total-N, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$, and $P_2O_5$ were assumed to be the main factors of the soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

To explain the relationship between plant size and seed production, change of sexual organs, relationship between each organs of Convallaria keiskei population, which is located in Gwiyeo-2-ri, Namjong-myeon, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do these were studied from April to August 2002. This study was carried out two ways. One way was to set up the permanent quadrat to explain the change of sexual organs. The other was to carry the collected sample to the laboratory and analysis it to explain the relationship between each organs and energy division of seed production. In the Convallaria keiskei population, the average number of leaf which blooming shoot in the permanent quadrat was 2 and I could find the late leaf size was larger. It was found that, per shoot, the average number of flower was 7.9, fruit was 5.4 and seed was 16.1. Each properties in the sexual organ, underground part size and leaf size, had correlation of 1% or within 5%. The flowering time of the Convallaria keiskei was from April 26 to May 11. Therefore, it can be estimated that the blooming period was $8{\sim}9$ days in just one flower. Among that flowers bloom at the beginning May, 80% fruit at the end of May, and 68% fruit at the end of August. The dry weight of seed had more correlation dry weight of underground part than leaf area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.38-46
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analyze forest vegetation in Seodaesan of Geumsan, Chungnam Province. Employing the releve method of Braun-Blanquet and quadrat method, 36 plots were sampled in forest of Seodaesan. The sub-communities were classified into Pinus densiflora, Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Carpinus laxiflora sub-community of Quercus mongolica community. The importance values were 77.07 in Quercus mongolica, 40.79 in Pinus densiflora, 17.03 Fraxinus rhynchophylla, 14.06 in Fraxinus sieboldiana, 13.99 in Quercus serrata, 12.93 Acer pseudosiebotdianum. Coverage rate was 84.6% in tree layer, 52.8% in subtree layer, 29.1% in shrub layer, 27.9% in herb layer, respectively. Most of the DBH of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora was between 5cm and 20cm. Therefore, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora might be dominant species in the study area for several decades. Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus laxiflora sub-communities were distributed mainly in a high-altitude and northern and north-western area. Pinus densiflora sub-community was distributed mainly in a low-altitude and western area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.664-673
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• 2009

An intertidal marine benthic algal vegetation and vertical distribution at Youngil Bay, the eastern coast of Korea was investigated to clarify the community structure and vertical distribution by quadrat method from February 2003 to January 2009. Marine algae identified from the area were 152 species; 25 green, 38 brown and 89 red algae. The dominant species were Ulva spp., Ulva pertusa, Chaetomorpha moniligera, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri, S. miyabei, S. thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, Corallina pilulifera, Grateloupia elliptica, G. filicina, Prionitis cornea, Chondrus ocellatus, Chondracanthus intermedia, Acrosorium polyneurum, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii and Symphyocladia latiuscula at study sites. The vertical distribution of intertidal marine algae was divided into three distinct zones. They were characterized by Porphyra spp. and Ulva spp. at the upper, Ulva spp. and Ulva pertusa at the middle, and Sargassum spp., Gelidium amansii, Grateloupia spp., Chondrus ocellatus and Chondria crassicaulis at the lower zones, respectively. Functional form group analysis showed that coarsely branched forms comprised 44.7% of the algal community, whereas thick leathery forms, sheet forms and filamentous forms comprised 6.6-25.7%. R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values were 2.34, 0.66 and 3.00, respectively.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

A subtidal marine benthic algal vegetation at Ulleungdo Island, the eastern coast of Korea was investigated to clarify the community structure and vertical distribution by quadrat method at seven stations in May and August 2014. The total number of marine algal species was 148 species composed of the green algae of 12 species, the brown algae of 40 species and the red algae of 96 species. Mean biomass in dry weight was $94.8g\;dry\;weight\;m^{-2}$ in study sites, $98.1g\;dry\;weight\;m^{-2}$ in upper tidal level, and $86.6g\;dry\;weight\;m^{-2}$ in middle level. The R/P and (R+C)/P value reflecting flora characteristic were 1.9 and 2.3, respectively. Three groups produced by cluster analysis, one including sites Neunggeol, Daepung, Jukdo, second including sites Gongam, Ssangjeongcho and the other including sites Gwaneum, Hangnam, showed meaningful difference in similarity (about 40%), each other. The number of marine algal species and biomass in Ulleungdo Island area were markedly reduced comparing that in the previous studies. This result may suggest probably change of algal vegetation in future, considering the physical and chemical pollutions loaded in the coastal marine environment of this area.