• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2001

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1243-1250
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• 2010

A cDNA encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI) was isolated from the cDNA library of clamworm Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube. The deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that the protein had 51%, 48%, and 48% identity with Zgc:153129 from Danio rerio, cystatin B from Theromyzon tessulatum, and the ChainA, stefin B tetramer from Homo sapiens, respectively. The gene was cloned into the intracellular expression vector pET-15b and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant CPI (PA-CPI) was purified by affinity chromatography on Ni-charged resin and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose FF. The relative molecular mass of PA-CPI was 16 kDa as deduced by SDS-PAGE. Activity analysis showed that the recombinant protein could inhibit the proteolytic activity of papain. A constitutive and secretive expression vector was also constructed, and the cDNA encoding CPI was subcloned into the vector for extracellular expression. Western blotting analysis results showed that the PA-CPI was secreted into the medium. Bioassay demonstrated that E. coli DH5${\alpha}$ harboring pUC18ompAcat-CPI showed a significant difference in mortality to the Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis compared with untransformed E. coli DH5${\alpha}$ and control.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.747-755
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides accumulation responses to temperature are critical to quality formation in cold-dependent American ginseng. However, the studies on cold requirement mechanism relevant to ginsenosides have been limited in this species. Methods: Two experiments were carried out: one was a multivariate linear regression analysis between the ginsenosides accumulation and the environmental conditions of American ginseng from different sites of China and the other was a synchronous determination of ginsenosides accumulation, overall DNA methylation, and relative gene expression in different tissues during different developmental stages of American ginseng after experiencing different cold exposure duration treatments. Results: Results showed that the variation of the contents as well as the yields of total and individual ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1 in the roots were closely associated with environmental temperature conditions which implied that the cold environment plays a decisive role in the ginsenoside accumulation of American ginseng. Further results showed that there is a cyclically reversible dynamism between methylation and demethylation of DNA in the perennial American ginseng in response to temperature seasonality. And sufficient cold exposure duration in winter caused sufficient DNA demethylation in tender leaves in early spring and then accompanied the high expression of flowering gene PqFT in flowering stages and ginsenosides biosynthesis gene PqDDS in green berry stages successively, and finally, maximum ginsenosides accumulation occurred in the roots of American ginseng. Conclusion: We, therefore, hypothesized that cold-induced DNA methylation changes might regulate relative gene expression involving both plant development and plant secondary metabolites in such cold-dependent perennial plant species.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.475-481
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• 2013

By using ionic liquid 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate ($HPPF_6$) based carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) as the substrate electrode, a $CoMoO_4$ nanorods and myoglobin (Mb) composite was casted on the surface of CILE with chitosan (CTS) as the film forming material to obtain the modified electrode (CTS/$CoMoO_4$-Mb/CILE). Spectroscopic results indicated that Mb retained its native structures without any conformational changes after mixed with $CoMoO_4$ nanorods and CTS. Electrochemical behaviors of Mb on the electrode were carefully investigated by cyclic voltammetry with a pair of well-defined redox peaks from the heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox center of Mb appeared, which indicated that direct electron transfer between Mb and CILE was realized. Electrochemical parameters such as the electron transfer number (n), charge transfer coefficient (${\alpha}$) and electron transfer rate constant ($k_s$) were estimated by cyclic voltammetry with the results as 1.09, 0.53 and 1.16 $s^{-1}$, respectively. The Mb modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic ability toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid in the concentration range from 0.1 to 32.0 mmol $L^{-1}$ with the detection limit as 0.036 mmol $L^{-1}$ ($3{\sigma}$), and the reduction of $H_2O_2$ in the concentration range from 0.12 to 397.0 ${\mu}mol\;L^{-1}$ with the detection limit as 0.0426 ${\mu}mol\;L^{-1}$ ($3{\sigma}$).

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the enlightenment of the Korean long-term care insurance policy on Qingdao's long-term care insurance policy through policy comparison. China and Korea are very similar in terms of cultural background, living habits, and population structure. Therefore, the successful experience of Korean long-term care insurance has great implications for Qingdao even China to build a long-term care insurance system. Through the literature review, this article compares the long-term care insurance policy implemented by Qingdao City and Korea in Gilbert & Terrell's social welfare policy analysis framework. With the comparison this article discusses about the existing problems of the current pilot policy system in Qingdao, such as lack of legislation support and financial independence, assessment standards are not detailed, and human resources are insufficient. The author raises five suggestions to improve Qingdao's long-term care policy as the conclusion of this paper: legislation support, detailed assessment standard, expand categories of benefits, enrich delivery network, optimize financing sources.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.2812-2822
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• 2023

The supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Brayton power cycle is more effective than the conventional power cycle and is more widely applicable to heat sources. The inlet working conditions of the compressor have a higher influence on their operating performance because the thermophysical properties of the CO₂ vary dramatically close to the critical point. The flow in the sCO₂ compressor is simulated and the compressor performance is analyzed. The results show that the sCO₂ centrifugal compressor operates outside of its intended parameters due to the change in inlet temperature. The sCO₂ compressor requires more power as the inlet temperature increases. The compressor power is 582 kW when the inlet temperature is at 304 K. But the power is doubled when the inlet temperature increases to 314 K, and the change in the isentropic efficiency is within 5%. The increase in the inlet temperature significantly reduces the risk of condensation in centrifugal compressors. When the heat load of the sCO₂ power system changes, the inlet pressure to the turbine can be kept constant by regulating the rotational speed of compressors. With the increase in rotational speed, the incidence loss and condensation risk increase.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.852-861
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• 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on ram sperm quality during storage at 4℃ in vitro. Methods: Tris-citric acid-glucose solution containing different doses of NMN (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 µM) was used to dilute semen collected from rams and it was stored at 4℃. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity as well as acrosome integrity were evaluated at 0, 24, and 48 h time points after storage at 4℃. In addition, sperm mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and apoptosis were measured at 48 h time point after storage at 4℃. Results: Results demonstrate that the values obtained for sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity in the NMN treatments were significantly higher than control (p<0.05). The addition of 60 µM NMN significantly improved ram sperm mitochondrial activity and reduced LPO, MDA content, and ROS content compared to control (p<0.05). Interestingly, sperm GSH content and SOD activity for the 60 µM NMN treatment were much higher than those observed for control. NMN treatment also decreased the level of Cleaved-Caspase 3, Cleaved-Caspase 9, and Bax while increasing Bcl-2 level in sperm at 48 h time point after storage at 4℃. Conclusion: Ram sperm quality can be maintained during storage at 4℃ with the addition of NMN at 60 µM to the semen extender. NMN also reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Overall, these findings suggest that NMN is efficient in improving the viability of ram sperm during storage at 4℃ in vitro.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3747-3752
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in China. Dietary fibre has been thought to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in Western countries. However, studies investigating the association between dietary fibre (particularly soluble and insoluble fibres) and colorectal cancer have hitherto been lacking in China. Objective: This case-control study examined the effect of dietary fibre intake on the risk of colorectal cancer, stratified by tumour site. Materials and Methods: The study included 265 cases (colon cancer, 105; rectal cancer, 144; colon and rectal cancer, 16) and 252 controls residing in Qingdao. A food frequency questionnaire that included 121 food items was used to collect dietary information. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results: For food groups, controls in the study consumed more vegetables, soy food and total fibre than did colorectal cancer patients (p<0.05). The intakes of fruit, meat and sea-food did not differ significantly between cases and controls. However, we did not find any association between soy food intake and colon cancer. We observed inverse associations between total fibre intake and colorectal, colon and rectal cancer (Q4 vs Q1: OR=0.44, 95%CI, 0.27-0.73; OR=0.40, 95%CI, 0.21-0.76; OR=0.52, 95%CI, 0.29-0.91). Vegetable fibre intake showed similar inverse associations (Q4 vs Q1: OR=0.51, 95%CI, 0.31-0.85; OR=0.48, 95%CI, 0.25-0.91; OR=0.53, 95%CI, 0.29-0.97). In addition, inverse associations were observed between soluble fibre and insoluble fibre and both colorectal cancer and colon cancer. No relationship was found between colorectal cancer and fruit, soy or grain fibre intakewhen the results were stratified by tumour site. Conclusions: The present study suggests that vegetable fibre and total fibre play very important roles in protecting against colorectal cancer. Soluble and insoluble fibres were inversely associated with only colorectal cancer and colon cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1197-1201
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• 2012

Objective: To study the relationship between clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment modalities and prognostic factors in HER-2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2) overexpressed breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Major clinico-pathological factors including therapeutic modalities and survival status of 371 breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression, teated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March of 2002 to December of 2010 were retrospectively studied, with special attention focused on survival-related factors. Results: The median age of the total 371 patients in this study was 48 years at time of diagnosis, among which, the leading pathological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (92.5%); 62.8% presented with a primary tomor larger than 2 cm in diameter at diagnosis, 51.0% had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases; ER (Estrogen receptor)/PR (Progesterone receptor) double negative occured in 52.8% of cases, and PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) (+++) was found in 55.1%. HER-2 overexpressed patients were usually in advanced stage when the diagnosis was made (72.8% at stages IIA~IIIC). The prognosis and survival were assessed in 259 patients with complete follow-up data. 5-year DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) rate was 68.0% and 78.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, ALN metastases, LVSI (lymph-vascular space involvement), PCNA status, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy cycles, and HER-2 overexpression, correlated closely with the prognosis. ALN metastases, LVSI, PCNA status and chemotherapy cycles were independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer has special clinical and pathological characteristics, with advanced clinical stages and high rate of ER/PR double negative. Lymph node metastases, LVSI, PCNA and chemotherapy cycles are independent predictors of prognosis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.671-677
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• 2019

The modern urban planning of Qingdao began in the early 20th century by the German colonization. At that time, the Germans adopted the modern urban planning philosophy and standards for building high-level cities in Qingdao's planning. Therefore, in the turmoil that followed the period of Japanese occupation and the Republic of China, although urban planners constantly changed, they always planned according to the initial plans of the city. Therefore, this paper conducted a time division on the urban planning of the Qingdao colonial period through an analysis of various literary materials by combining the historical backgrounds of different periods. This can be the basis for an analysis of current urban planning in Qingdao. This paper is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction for description purposes and scope. In Chapter 2, the Urban Planning of Qingdao in the Chinese Colonial Period is confirmed and explained. Chapter 3 concludes the characteristics of the planning.