• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1978

Epiphytic lichens were sampled quantitatively on the cherry trees (Prunus serrulata) at Jeonju and Hadong along both north and south exposures of tat trees. Coverage of lichens was determinated for each species by 10*20cm quadrat. Lichen species diversities such as total diversity (D), mean diversity (D), Shannon diversity (D') and redundancy (R) were estimated according to Brillouin and Shannon equation. The importance value of lichen species was meassured by niche preemption model, The importance value transformed into some fraction k of the niche space. The value of k was compared with aggregation of lichens communities in to areas. The ten most important awariensis, Parmelia incurva, Parmelia crinita, Dirinaria applanta, Parmelia wallichiana, Parmelia austrosinensis and Cetraria platyphylla. The mean coverage epiphytic lichens on north side of tree was higher than of south side in two areas. The species diversities of epiphytic lichen of two areas shows that a change in the value of D' along vertical was not paralled with the D and R. In Kumsan-sa, D, D and D' increased upward along the tree of north exposure, but did not follow this trend in south, However in Sangge-sa, D, D and D' of both sides increased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 1993

The present experiments have been conducted to find out the plant's growth environments habitate, mode of life, characteristic of photosynthesis, habit of growth and propagation. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Sambucus williamsii var. Coreana distributes around all sides of native site without having any relation to altitude, inclination and direction. 2. In the native site, Robinia pseudo - acacia and its neighboring species were Prunus yedoensis, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Lindera obtusiloba and Staphylea bumalda. From 21 to 41 types of species were located in the vegetation of the quadrat area. 3. According to the variation of leaf temperature with the result of the change of net photosynthetic rate, the optimum temperature for growth is $25^{\circ}C$. 4. The rooted rate of vegetative propagation was the highest at 100ppm IBA plot and the lowest at 200ppm BA plot. 5. The rooted rates of Sambucus williamsii var. coreana in perlite 50% bed, vermiculite bed and peatmoss 50%+sand 50% bed are higher than others.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

In this thesis, we analysed urban fires and developed the predictive mapping technique by using GIS and spatial statistics. It presented the correlation between the fire data of last 5 years ($2001{\sim}2005$) and the factor of civilization environment in Daegu city. We produced a model of fire hazard predictive map by analyzing uncertainty of fire with the quadrat analysis and the poisson distribution.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-112
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• 1974

Leaf temperature is complicated with the microclimate and the dry matter production in a plant community. But a daily change of leaf temperature varying by the locality in plant body or plant community is not yet clear. To resolve such a question, following experiment was designed; Helianthus tuberosus L., Glycine max L., Zea mays L., Impomoea batatas Lam., and Cucurbita moschata var. toonas Makino were planted in the different sandy loam, $2m{\times}2m-quadrat$, which has a eastern, southern, western and northern edge. In each plot 17-25 plants were planted and the distances between individuals spaced uniformly. And leaf temperature were measured by MR3-C type thermistor from 14th May through 20th August. It is seems that the upper leaf is affected by solar radiation, the lower leaf by released heat from the earth and the middle leaf by the conditions of both zones. Measuring the temperature of a leaf that is on terminal, central, left and right margins and base part, temperature of control plant in a leaf was sloped during about two hours from noon. It is noticeable as a "noon sleeping" phenomenon.henomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1989

^x Mt. Sorak national park trails are receiving high levels of use that is affecting user satisfaction and resource management. Trampling impacts studies were conduced in 2 courses to measure soil loss, extent of trail width, and vegetation change. Trail erosion were quantified using a cross -sectional area and most Portions were eroded severely in Oe - Sorak course especially. Phytosociological changes were also surveyed on trail - sides and controls by quadrat to confirm that trampling had an effect on the composition of the vegetation. Information from this study could be used directly in the planning, construction of new trails, and the maintenance of existing trails.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_2
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• pp.541-547
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• 1998

The flora and vegetation of the alpine grassland at Dalmoon on Mt. Paektu were investigated on July 24, 1997 by 1 m ${\times}$ 1 m quadrat method. The flora of the vascular plants investigated on this alpine grassland was 36 taxa belonging to 17 families, 35 genera, 29 species, 3 subspecies, 4 varieties. Te leading families were Compositae (7 taxa) and Gramineae (4 species), and the forb was more than the grass. Four dwarf shrubs which were Salix metaformosa, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Rhododendron aureum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were found at the studied sites. This alpine grassland was composed of 17 communities, Astragalus uliginosus, Sanguisorba sitchensis, Deschampsia caespitosa were dominated over 18, 5 and 4 quadrats, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ecological factors affecting Pinus densiflora forest distribution associated with climate change in the future. Ecological niche is used as a method to quantify the position occupied in biological communities, space, influence and all ecological factors. Ecological niche breadth was analyzed on meteorological and growth factors of P. densiflora. Nine sites (i.e., Gangneung, Jeongseon, Pyeongchang, Hamyang, Bonghwa, Yeongyang, Uljin, Uiseong and Boseong) were selected to set $20m{\times}20m$ quadrat from September to October 2010. The height, DBH, clearlength, crown width and basal area were measured at each quadrat and used as growth factors. In addition, the measured values from the closest weather stations of each survey area of the maximum, mean and minimum temperature, humidity and precipitation were used as meteorological factors. The ecological niche breadth of the five meteorological factors except humidity was low. It is considered that precipitation could effect on the distribution of P. densiflora forest. In particular, maximum temperature showed low ecological niche breadth less than 0.4 in most of the survey areas. However, the ecological niche breadth of the five growth factors was high in all survey areas.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2014

In the present study, we surveyed the molluscan fauna in a lagoon located near Seong-san harbor on the east coast of Jeju Island in July 2012. For the survey, a $25{\times}25cm$ quadrat was deployed over 3 randomly selected sites in the intertidal area of the lagoon. Sediment from the surface to a depth of 25 cm in the quadrat was removed and sieved using a 1 mm mesh sieve. All molluscan fauna retained on the sieve was identified to the species level. From the survey, 25 species of mollusca belonging to 2 orders and 16 families were identified. Species richness, in terms of total number of species, was found to be the highest at sampling site 1, where the substrate was composed of coarse sand and some rocks, while it was lowest at sampling site 3, composed of compact fine sand. Regardless of the type of substrate at the sampling sites, the mud-creeping snail Batillaria cumingii (Crosse, 1862) occurred at a high density, ranging from $324-468ind./m^2$. The luciniid bivalve Pillucina pisidium also occurred at a high density at sampling site 1, at $336ind./m^2$, while the density of this species was only $4ind./m^2$ at sampling site 3. The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum could be found at all 3 sampling sites with very low density ranging from $16-48ind./m^2$. The density and species richness of molluscs observed in this study was lower compared to the previously reported molluscan fauna in Jeju Island, suggesting that further investigation needs to be carried out to conserve the unique marine lagoon ecosystem in Jeju Island.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.494-506
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• 1982

The community structure and dynamic succession of forest were determinated on the quadrat plots selected randomly at the Mt. Bomun. The plot size was $20{\times}20m$, and analysis of vegetation and soil 'data we re adapted reciprocal averaging(RA) ordination method. 1. The numbers of tree species were twenty, and dominant species were Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta, and Pinus rigida. 2. The forest of Mt. Bomun was found to be composed of Pinus rigida community and Quercus-Pinus community through RA ordination method. 3. The community of Quercus variabilis was assumed to be dominant in the succession of forest. 4. The soil factors, such as total-N, $NO_3$, $NH_4^+$, $P_2O_5$, organic matter, C. E. C., pH, $K^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, were analyzed. Total-N, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$, and $P_2O_5$ were assumed to be the main factors of the soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

To explain the relationship between plant size and seed production, change of sexual organs, relationship between each organs of Convallaria keiskei population, which is located in Gwiyeo-2-ri, Namjong-myeon, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do these were studied from April to August 2002. This study was carried out two ways. One way was to set up the permanent quadrat to explain the change of sexual organs. The other was to carry the collected sample to the laboratory and analysis it to explain the relationship between each organs and energy division of seed production. In the Convallaria keiskei population, the average number of leaf which blooming shoot in the permanent quadrat was 2 and I could find the late leaf size was larger. It was found that, per shoot, the average number of flower was 7.9, fruit was 5.4 and seed was 16.1. Each properties in the sexual organ, underground part size and leaf size, had correlation of 1% or within 5%. The flowering time of the Convallaria keiskei was from April 26 to May 11. Therefore, it can be estimated that the blooming period was $8{\sim}9$ days in just one flower. Among that flowers bloom at the beginning May, 80% fruit at the end of May, and 68% fruit at the end of August. The dry weight of seed had more correlation dry weight of underground part than leaf area.