• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.114-121
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• 2010

Traditionally Nuclear Research and Development (R&D) result has been big influence on other industries and societies and it requires large scale investments and study period. So it is essential to apply Quality Assurance (QA) for systematic R&D management. This paper investigates QA System for U.S. Nuclear R&D and reviews QA elements. Based on this investigation, we applied QA requirements to Nuclear Hydrogen R&D project, and the scope of application be enlarged as R&D stage in progress. We also present QA system improvement way through consideration for Nuclear Hydrogen Project's QA application. As the need for QA in R&D is expected to increase in the future, it is necessary to prepare guidelines for R&D QA.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.78-93
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• 1996

Background : The goal of this study was to establish the QA items and guidelines for preventing and improving of safety management. Therefore we investigated the nurses' recognition and knowledge of the safety and risk procedures and policies, and the agreement between the nurses beliefs on the degree of importance of those procedures and policies, with actual implementation in hospitals. Method : The subjects of this study were 201 nurses who participated in a program called continuing education for nurses, which held in December, 1993. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1. Among 18 types of hospital risks, the items that scored highest or the need of closer attention in safety management was the needle stick, medication errors, falling, and bed sores. 2. In most questions of the 18 incidences, the nurses showed that the estimated result would have positive signs except for hospital infections, burns, and bed sores. 3. Even though the survey shows that incidences and types of occurences varies according to the person's age and the time of incident, they mostly occur between midnight to 6AM. Falls and bed sores can be seen more in the elderly. Medications errors, hospital infections and burns are frequently found between the ages of one through twenty. 4. There was a higher mean score for recognizing the importance of those items than the importance of implementing them. Conclusion : In summary, nurses did perceive the need of safety management but the hospital policy for proper safety management was not established. So we recommended that the hospital administration would undertake an early detection and proper management system for hospital precautions, based on QA items & guidelines presented in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.581-599
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to analyze general types of R&D Quality Assurance(R&D QA) and to identify key quality elements for R&D QA. R&D QA is defined as all the planned and systematic actions to verify whether R&D processes are conducted in a proper manner and the results of R&D fully satisfy customers' requirements. Methods: The existing R&D QA guidelines and the some cases were reviewed. From the review, three general types are analyzed and thirteen key quality elements are identified. Then, the survey on the eighteen domestic experts has been conducted for prioritization of the identified elements. Results: As the result of this study, three types for R&D QA based on quality elements, standard process, and final evaluation are analyzed. Related to the first type, thirteen quality elements, e.g., administrative plan, project plan, process management and so on, are identified and prioritized. Conclusion: This study contributes to develop the baseline for R&D QA including the types and the key quality elements. It may be helpful for the institute that has an interest adopting R&D QA.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.668-674
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• 2020

Quality Assurance (QA) is essential to provide effective hyperthermia, but in the case of a problem with a hyperthermia cancer therapy system in Korea, the manufacturers or venders are repairing and maintaining the system. In Korea, if an error occurs in the hyperthermia system, the manufacturer and sales agent are repairing and maintaining it. There is no QA protocol suitable for the domestic situation. This study is based on the QA guidelines recommended by institutions such as European Society for Hyperthermia Oncology (ESHO), Hellenic Society of Oncologic Hyperthermia (HSOH), and the results of questionnaires to hospitals that have hyperthermia cancer therapy systems in Korea. By developing an optimized QA protocol, we aim to reduce the errors and inaccuracies that can occur in during hyperthermia such as measurement of temperature, instrumentation, and heat transfer. In addition, we will visit a hospital with a hyperthermia cancer therapy system in Korea to perform a QA based on this study, and study to specify tolerances and accurate QA set-up parameters using the measured QA results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 2016

Purpose: Government quality assurance (QA) activities in Korea, which is carried out by the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality, is not effective due to 1) the obscureness of the QA implementation method, 2) the gap between QA activities of provisions and those conducted in the fields, and 3) the variation in subjective judgement among the QA personnel. The purpose of this paper is to propose some suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of government QA activities for military supplies in the production stage. Methods: QA activities for military supplies are investigated and problematic aspects are deduced for the production stage. To secure the effectiveness of the QA activities, Defense Contract Management Agency of the United Sates is benchmarked and five improvement methods are presented. Results: Five improvement aspects are 1) reflecting special terms and conditions of government mandatory inspection in contract, 2) classifying QA personnel, 3) making use of data collection and analysis template compulsory, 4) providing checklist for process review, and 5) establishing guidelines for sampling plans for product examination. Conclusion: Suggestions of this paper can lead to consistency and balance in government QA activities, reducing military suppliers' complaints and enhancing the effectiveness of QA effort, and ultimately contributing to the quality improvement of military supplies.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2013

Recent developments of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), especially the On Board Imaging (OBI) system and the cone beam CT (CBCT), enable the radiation treatment more accurate and reliable. IGRT is widely used in the radiation therapy as a standard of care. Use of IGRT is even expected to increase in the near future. IGRT is only beneficial to patients when it is used with proper considerations of safety and appropriateness of the techniques. Institutional procedure should be developed based on the clinical need and the deep understanding of the system before applying the new technique to the clinic. Comprehensive QA program should be established before to the clinic and imaging dose should be considered when preparing the departmental practice guidelines for IGRT.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.123-136
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• 2018

The complex dose distribution and dose transfer characteristics of intensity-modulated radiotherapy increase the importance of precise beam data measurement and review in the acceptance inspection and preparation stages. In this study, we propose a process map for the introduction and installation of high-precision radiotherapy devices and present items and guidelines for risk management at the acceptance test procedure (ATP) and commissioning stages. Based on the ATP of the Varian and Elekta linear accelerators, the ATP items were checked step by step and compared with the quality assurance (QA) test items of the AAPM TG-142 described for the medical accelerator QA. Based on the commissioning procedure, dose quality control protocol, and mechanical quality control protocol presented at international conferences, step-by-step check items and commissioning guidelines were derived. The risk management items at each stage were (1) 21 ionization chamber performance test items and 9 electrometer, cable, and connector inspection items related to the dosimetry system; (2) 34 mechanical and dose-checking items during ATP, 22 multileaf collimator (MLC) items, and 36 imaging system items; and (3) 28 items in the measurement preparation stage and 32 items in the measurement stage after commissioning. Because the items presented in these guidelines are limited in terms of special treatment, items and practitioners can be modified to reflect the clinical needs of the institution. During the system installation, it is recommended that at least two clinically qualified medical physicists (CQMP) perform a double check in compliance with the two-person rule. We expect that this result will be useful as a radiation safety management tool that can prevent radiation accidents at each stage during the introduction of radiotherapy and the system installation process.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.78-90
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• 2016

This report is to introduce detail processes during the restoration/revision project for the Korean Standard Methods for Marine Environment. The processes are composed of 3 steps: questionaries, QA/QC confirming step by CRM(Certified Reference Materials), and advisory council by specialists. The questionaries required four main topics to be included to the restoration/revision protocol: 1. the guidelines to sampling, transportation, storage, and pre-analytical procedures for the marine specimens, 2. the unified analytical method, especially for the organic compounds, 3. the QA/QC test requirement for CRM, 4. introduction of diverse analytical instruments, 5. the customer- friendly express of the protocol. Based on these new protocol, we expect two most important effects: 1, increased insurance of international credibility and equivalence by the QA/QC procedures, 2. increased conformability and representatively from wide-spread use of the protocol. Finally we suggested several residual topics remained to the inter-government cooperation.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.30-38
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• 2022

Purpose: The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) in South Korea initiated a quality assessment (QA) program for blood transfusion healthcare services in 2020 to ensure patient safety and appropriate blood use. This study examines the quality of blood transfusion services since the first national QA program for blood transfusion services in Korea. Methods: We analyzed HIRA claims and QA investigation data based on inpatient medical records from all tertiary, general, and primary hospitals between October 2020 and March 2021. The target population was patients aged 18 years and older who received either total knee arthroplasty or red blood cell transfusion. The QA indicators for transfusion healthcare service consisted of four quality indicators and four monitoring indicators. Results: We analyzed the results of QA indicators for transfusion service from the medical records of 189,668 patients from 1,171hospitals and expressed indicators as proportions. The average results for evaluation indicators were as follows: transfusion checklist presence, 64.8%; irregular antibody tests, 61.8%; transfusions in which the hemoglobin levels before transfusion met the transfusion guidelines for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, 20.6%, and transfusions in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, 59.3%. The average results for monitoring indicators were as follows: transfusion management implementation in medical institutions, 56.9%; preoperative anemia management in anemia patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, 43.9%; one-unit transfusions, 82.5%; and the transfusion index. Conclusion: The quality of blood transfusion healthcare varied and the assessment revealed that there is scope for improvement. Hospitals require more effective blood transfusion management and this can be facilitated by providing feedback on the QA results about blood transfusion healthcare services to medical institutions, and by disclosing the results to the public.

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.317-328
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• 2009

For a comprehensive understanding of human impact on a change of the global climate, it is necessary to obtain reliable information on man-induced fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines (IPCC 1996, IPCC 2000, IPCC2006) provide the methods and procedures of estimating the national GHG emission inventories. Particularly, IPCC 2006 contains new chapter of key conceptions uncertainties, including the types of uncertainties and assessment methods of uncertainties in GHG emission inventories. In this paper, a compact and clear survey on volume 1 of IPCC 2006, which contains the general information on inventory compilation, uncertainty and guidance on the choice of methods, and QC/QA, is given with emphasis on uncertainty analysis.