• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Recently, Child safety has become one of the issue with Q10 dummy representing large child. The objective of this paper was to evaluate performance of three child restraints system (backless booster, high-back booster and without booster) by changing D-ring location in the rear seat. Sled tests were carried out with a Q 10 in 64km/h frontal impact. Before the dynamic sled tests, we assessed dummy positioning with difference in CRS types and height adjustment positions. Dynamic sled test results indicated that there is different performance of CRS types and belt routing. These test results will use as base line data for development CRS safety performance for Q 10.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Recently, development in vehicle safety could increase interest in children's safety in vehicle collisions. But the research of children safety in vehicle collisions is not being conducted as many as that of adult's. Especially the study for the vehicle crash was not much. This study focused on the comparison of child safety between test protocols to evaluate children's safety in crash test. Injuries of Q6 and Q10 dummy were evaluated using FFRB (Full frontal rigid barrier) test and 40% ODB (Offset deformable barrier) test with one model vehicle. Even though the limit number of test, the tendency of injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 dummy between the test protocols was not conformed but injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 were not same between FFRB and 40% ODB.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

For years, Q1.5 (anthropomorphic test device for 1.5 years old infant) and Q3 (anthropomorphic test device for 3 years old infant) dummy protection has been improved considerably by the effort of EuroNCAP. ISOFIX strength of vehicle structure has increased and many child occupant protection tests have made child restraint system (hereafter CRS) optimized for child safety. However, from 2016, EuroNCAP changed the dummy which is used for the child occupant protection from Q1.5/Q3 to Q6/Q10 and these were also adopted in KNCAP from 2017. Therefore, a new method is required to secure the safety for older children In this research, child dummies were tested by using adult safety systems, and the different results from each adult restraint system were compared. Finally, dummies were tested with the CRS harness belt commonly used for infants, which has yielded significant result. In this research, mid-sized sedan and small SUV were used for the test. The researchers of this paper performed sled tests to correlate between the different adult safety belt system and child injury. Following the sled test, an actual vehicle test was conducted to gather the injury data of Q-dummy with the CRS harness belts. This paper will show the advantages of applying a pre-tensioner in the second row for child protection and the necessity of CRS which has its own harness belts to improve safety for older children.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

Development in vehicle industry could increase interest in children's safety recently. However the research of children safety is not being conducted as many as that of adult's. Especially the basic study for the vehicle crash on-board children was not much. This study focused on the effect of seatbelt anchorage points to evaluate children's safety in frontal crash. The current regulation of the seatbelt anchorage points is suitable for ranged from female 5% to male 95%. The assessment of children's safety at buckle up of no used CRS(child restraint system) was performed using frontal sled tests. The frontal crash pulse in sled tests was designed to the average of about 30 KNCAP frontal crash pulses. To reduce number of experiments, DOE is used. The Q6 child dummy and standard seat in UN R 129 were used. According to the analysis of test results, children's safety has been influenced by the points of seatbelt anchorage.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 노지감귤의 출하구조를 순별, 월별로 구분하여 분석한다. 이를 위해 노지감귤의 가격신축성함수를 추정, 분석함으로써 어떻게 출하조절을 하는 것이 노지감귤농가의 소득을 안정시키고, 증대시킬 수 있는지를 모색하고, 이에 따른 정책적 함축성을 도출하는 것이다. 노지감귤 출하물량 1% 증가에 따른 순별 가격신축성은 시기에 따라 상이하게 나타나고 있는데, 10월 하순에서 1월 초순까지의 하락폭이 큰 것으로 나타나 이 시기의 출하조절의 필요성이 크다. 품질이 떨어지는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM_Q의 부호는 (-)이고, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 설날 연후 7일 이상이 2월에 들어있는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM02의 10월 초순부터 1월 하순까지의 부호가 (-)를 보이고 있다. 이는 설날이 1월에 있는 경우보다 2월에 있는 경우가 물량증대에 따른 하락폭이 크다는 것을 나타낸다. 노지감귤의 출하물량 1% 증대에 따른 월별 가격신축성은 상이하게 나타나고 있는데, 10월에서 12월까지의 하락폭이 큰 것으로 나타나 이 시기의 출하조절의 필요성이 요구된다. 품질이 떨어지는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM_Q의 부호는 (-)이고, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 설날 연후 7일 이상이 2월에 들어있는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM02의 10월부터 1월까지의 부호가 (-)를 보이고 있다. 이는 설날이 1월에 있는 경우보다 2월에 있는 경우가 물량증대에 따른 하락폭이 크다는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 순별 및 월별 가격신축성함수의 더미변수인 DOM_Q와 DUM02의 부호가 음(-)을 보인다는 것은, 품질이 좋은 해보다 품질이 나쁜 경우에, 그리고 설날이 1월에 있는 경우보다 2월에 있는 경우에 출하조절의 필요성이 더 중요함을 의미한다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Occupant protection performance in frontal crashes has been developed and assessed for mainly front seat occupants over many years, and in recent years protection of rear seat occupants has also been extensively discussed. Unlike the front seats, the rear seats are often occupied by children seated in rear-facing or forward - facing child restraint systems, or booster seats. In the ENCAP, child occupant protection assessments using 18-month-old(P1.5) and 3-year-old(P3) test dummies in the rear seat have already been changed to new type of 18-month-old (Q1.5)and 3-year-old(Q3) test dummies. In addition, ENCAP are scheduled with the development and introduction of test dummies of 6-year-old (Q6) and 10.5-year-old children(Q10) starting 2016. In KNCAP, Q6 and Q10 child dummies will be introduced in 2017 as well. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new child dummies closely. In this paper, we focused on Q6 and Q10 child dummies sitting in child restraint system. Offset frontal crash tests were conducted using two types of test dummies, Q6 and Q10 child dummies, positioned in the rear seat. Q6 and Q10 were used to compare dummy kinematics in rear seating positions between Q6 behind the driver's seat and Q10 behind the front passenger's seat. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems. It showed that several injury and image data was collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination is the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

This paper has studied the impacts of the exchange rate, government debt as a percent of GDP and other relevant macroeconomic variables on aggregate output in the Philippines. A simultaneous-equation model consisting of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply is applied. The dummy variable technique is employed to detect whether the slope and intercept of the real effective exchange rate may have changed. Real depreciation during 1998.Q1 - 2006.Q3, real appreciation during 2006.Q4 - 2016.Q1, a lower domestic debt as a percent of GDP, a lower real interest rate, a higher stock price or a higher lagged real oil price would raise aggregate output. Recent trends of real peso appreciation, declining domestic debt as a percent of GDP, lower real interest rates, and rising stock prices are in line with the empirical results and would promote economic growth. The authorities may need to continue to pursue fiscal prudence and maintain a stronger peso as the positive effect of real appreciation dominates its negative effect in recent years.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

The Child Occupant Safety Assessment was first introduced and carried out by Euro NCAP in 2003, with the goal of ensuring manufacturers to develop safe vehicles for passengers of all ages; the objective was to evaluate the safety and protection offered by different Child Restraint Systems (CRS) in the event of a crash. In 2013, the formerly used P child dummy series was replaced by newer and more biofidelic Q1.5 and Q3 child dummies, representing 1.5 and 3 year old children respectively. The frontal and side impact dynamic performances of the Q1.5 and Q3 were tested within all classes of vehicles assessed by Euro NCAP at the time. As an extension to that initiative, Q6 and Q10 child dummies were later developed representing children of 6 and 10 years old. Since the protection of larger children during vehicle crashes relies greatly on the interaction of vehicle restraint systems such as seat belt and the CRS, instrumented Q6 and Q10 dummies will be used to assess the protection offered in the event of front and side impact crashes. In this paper, we focused on injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 child dummies at 64 kph 40% offset frontal crash test. The whole procedure was designed with DFSS analysis. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems settled through previous sled test. It showed that several injury criteria and image data were collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination shows the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2020

Purpose : The objective of this study was to provide information about the need and perception of continuing education(CE) according to gender in physical therapists. This study also aimed to provide basic data for the improvement of quality of the CE program with physical therapists. Methods : The study analyzed basic data from Korea Physical Therapy Association regarding the 350 physical therapists in Gwangju metropolitan city (Male; 102, female; 248). The questionnaire consisted of 3 categories: general characteristics, need of CE, and perception. For need of CE and perception, it assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, and simple regression analysis using dummy variable. Results : The need of CE showed a weak positive correlation in the only the pediatric physical therapy according to gender in physical therapists (R²=.012) (p<.05). Both male and female physical therapists had the highest need in the musculoskeletal system, followed by nervous system. The perception of CE were not significantly correlated according to gender in physical therapists (p>.05). Both male and female physical therapists were high on the cyber-CE (Q4) and on the need for CE (Q1, Q2, Q3). Whereas, a lower score was found in category that CE helped in the performance of the work (Q6, Q7, Q8). Conclusion : In this study, there was little or no significant correlation between need and perception of CE according to gender in physical therapists. Both male and female physical therapists recognize the need for CE, whereas they are less satisfied the efforts of CE in the performance of the work. Therefore, improvement of CE through various programs should be made to enhance the perception of CE.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of ownership structure on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: The study has been conducted on 28 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies from 2012 to 2020. Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q are selected as indicators of internal and market performance of the firms respectively whereas institutional ownership, directors' ownership and foreign ownership are selected as proxies of ownership structure. Panel analysis using random effects, lag method and time dummy method is used to analyse the relationship. Results: The study has found the existence of highly concentrated directors' ownership, a low percentage of institutional ownership and a very insignificant proportion of foreign ownership in the industry. The regression results show that directors' ownership has a positive and significant impact on firm performance, supporting the concept of agency theory. The study has also found a positive and significant impact of foreign ownership on firm performance. Unfortunately, the impact of institutional ownership is found to be insignificant. Conclusions: Directors' ownership and foreign ownership decreases agency cost that ultimately increases firm performance. However, the role of institutional investors is not significant enough to improve firm performance. It is suggested that institutional investors should be more active and involved in monitoring the activities of the organisations to improve performance.