• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 1998

The vegetation pattern of Mt. Odae based on the soil humidity gradient showed 3 types: (1) the forest of Pinus densiflora under the mesic or xeric conditions of the low altitudinal area, (2) the forest of Acer including A. mono, A. pseudo-sieboldianum and Tilia amurensis under the submesic or subxeric conditions and (3) the forest of Quercus including Q. mongolica of the higher elevational area and Q. variabilis of the lower elevational area under the xeric condition. Water content, organic matter and total nitrogen of soil were relatively low in Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis communities while they were relatively high in Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus mongolica communities. According to the result of cluster analysis based on similarity indices of the communities, the proposed successional sere in the forest vegetation of Mt. Odae was as follows. P. densiflora community $\longrightarrow$ P. densiflore + Q. mongolica community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + A. pseudo-sieboldianum community. P. densiflora community $\longrightarrow$ P. densiflora + Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + A. pseudo-sieboldianum community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

Coarse woody debris (CWD, $\ge$ 5 cm in maximum diameter) is an important functional component, especially to nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. To compare mass and nutrient dynamics of CWD in natural oak forests, a two-year study was conducted at Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis stands in Yangpyeong, Kyonggi Province. Total CWD (snag, stump, log and large branch) and annual decomposition mass (Mg/ha) were 1.9 and 0.4 for the Q. serrata stand and 7.5 and 0.5 for the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. Snags covered 72% of total CWD mass for the Q. variabilis stand and 42% for the Q. serrata stand. Most of CWD was classified into decay class 1 for both stands. CWD N and P concentrations for the Q. variabilis stand significantly increased along decay class and sampling time, except for P concentration in 2002. There were no differences in CWD N concentration for the Q. serrata stand along decay class and sampling time. However, CWD P concentration decreased along sampling time. CWD N and P contents (kg/ha) ranged from 3.5∼4.7 and 0.8∼1.3 for the Q. serrata stand to 22.8∼23.6 and 3.7∼4.7 for the Q. variabilis stand. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg/ha/yr) into mineral soil through the CWD decomposition were 0.7 and 0.3 for the Q. serrata stand and 1.6 and 0.3 for the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. The number of CWD and decay rate were main factors influencing the difference in CWD mass and nutrient dynamics between both stands.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1987

The forest vegetation of Mt. Chil-gab was studied from 1983 to 1984. By Z-M method, the actual vegetation was classified into 8 communities and 1 plantation; Quercus variabilis, Q. variabilis-Styrax obassia, Q variabilis-Q. dentata, Q. varisbilid-Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima-Q. variabilis, Zelkova serrata-Styrax japonica, Capinus laxiflora, Pinus densiflora community and Larix leptolepts plantation (on the mountain foot) community. The plant communities of Q. variabilis and S. japonica as edaphic climax, in terms of the isopleth line of warmth index. Based on the data of vegetation survey and environmental analysis, the actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map were perpared with scale of 1/25, 000.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권4호
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• pp.530-537
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• 2022

본 연구는 우리나라 대표적 낙엽활엽수종인 참나무류 중 상수리나무 임분 72개소, 신갈나무 임분 150개소, 졸참나무 임분 97개소, 굴참나무 임분 104개소 등 총 423개소를 대상으로 토양 물리·화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 토양 물리적 특성 중 모래 함량은 상수리나무 임분이 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무 임분에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 점토 함량은 타 참나무류 임분에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 임분 간 차이가 뚜렷하여 신갈나무나 졸참나무 임분이 상수리나무나 굴참나무 임분에 비해 토양 산성화가 심하였다. 토양 유기탄소 및 전질소 농도는 신갈나무 임분이 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 상수리나무 임분에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 유효인산은 신갈나무와 졸참나무 임분이 굴참나무나 상수리나무 임분에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 교환성 포타슘, 칼슘, 마그네슘 농도는 낮게 나타났다. 양이온교환용량은 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 상수리나무 임분 순이었다. 국내 참나무류 임분의 토양 물리·화학적 특성은 임분 간 차이가 있었으며, 신갈나무와 졸참나무 임분은 낮은 토양 pH와 교환성 양이온 농도를 개선할 수 있는 양분관리 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

The relationships between environmental factors and the establishment and growth of oak seelings were studied in the greenhouse. The early seedling performances of three oak species (Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis) were compared. Mean seed weight was the biggest in Q. variabilis, and the smallest in Q. serrata, and the germination rate was higher in Q. variabilis than in Q. mongolica and Q. serrata. The germination rate was significantly affected by seed weight class in Q. serrata, but not in Q. mongolica. Emergence of oak seedlings was similar in all three oak species, and especially the first leaf emergence increased about twenty days after germination. An experiment was designed using three environmental factors (light, soil moisture, fertilizer) to compare the response of the three oak species. Light and soil moisture significantly affected the seedling height growth of Q. variabilis, but the effect was marginal in Q. mongolica and Q. serrata. However, growth of seedling biomass was significant in all three oak species. In contrast, fertilizer did not affect seedling growth of any of the oak species. Q. variabilis is expected to grow well in large gaps because it is very sensitive and responds well to high light and high moisture conditions. Q. mongolica and Q. serrata are relatively tolerant to shade but may need gaps for the seelings to grow into saplings.

• 임산에너지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2000

경기도 광주군 태화산에서 신갈나무, 갈참나무, 떡갈나무, 상수리나무 등 4개 참나무류 임분에 대해 1995년도 벌채후 맹아지 발생량과 생장량을 1996년과 2000년에 측정 및 비교하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. : ⑴ 벌채후 참나무류 4개 수종의 맹아발생력은 신갈나무>굴참나무>떡갈나무>상수리나무 순으로 나타났다. ⑵ 계절별로 겨울-초봄에 벌채하였을 참나무류 4수종 모두에서 맹아지수가 가장 많고 생장량도 가장 크게 나타나고 있었으며, 여름철에 가장 맹아발생력이 낮게 나타났다. ⑶ 참나무류중 맹아의 초기 직경생장량이 가장 큰 것은 상수리나무이며, 그 다음으로 신갈나무, 떡갈나무, 굴참나무 순이었으나, 5년후에는 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 떡갈나무, 상수리나무 순으로 나타났다. ⑷ 맹아의 수고생장량은 벌목 2년후 상수리나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 떡갈나무 순에서 5년후 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 떡갈나무, 상수리나무 순으로 나타났다. ⑸ 굴참나무와 상수리나무는 경쟁에 의해 고사하는 경우가 많으므로 맹아갱신을 성공적으로 이루기 위해서는 지속적인 무육관리가 필요하다. ⑹ 참나무류에서 벌근직경에 따른 맹아발생은 임령에 관계없이 벌근경이 커짐에 따라 맹아력은 점차 감소되는 반면 맹아의 직경이 커지는 경향을 보인다.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2009

우리나라의 주요 우점종인 상수리나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무의 생태적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 식물생장에서 가장 중요하다고 판단되는 광, 토양수분, 영양소를 이들 3종의 참나무 유식물에 각각 실내에서 처리하여 그 생육반응을 관찰하고, 분석하고자 시도하였다. 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 광이 높을수록 잘 자라는 경향이 있었고, 신갈나무만이 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. 신갈나무는 낮은 광도에서도 생육이 크게 감소하지 않았다 굴참나무와 신갈나무는 수분구배에 따라 생육의 차이가 없었고, 상수리나무만이 약간 높은 구배에서 잘 자랐을 뿐이었다. 상수리나무, 굴참나무와 신갈나무 모두는 영양소가 적을 때 잘 자랐고, 높을수록 못 자랐다. 영양소 구배에 따른 감소정도는 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 상수리나무 순으로 낮았다. 이상으로 볼 때, 신갈나무는 피음조건에, 상수리나무는 토양이 다습한 조건에 그리고 굴 참나무는 유기물이 적은 조건에서 각각 적응한 종이라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

To compare seed components of plus trees, seed powder ground after seedcoat removal was analyzed for two oak species, i. e., Quercus monglica (white oak) and Quercus variabilis (red oak), which are typical oak trees in Korea but have different fruiting characteristics. Thus we aimed at analyzing and comparing many ingredients including minerals, sugars, etc. Two species were similar to each other in the content of water, crude ash, crude protein and carbohydrates, but crude lipid content in Q. variabilis was 2.5 times higher than that in Q. mongolica. Crude proteins of Clone 124 was 1.5 times higher than that of Clone 75 in Q. mongolica. Crude lipid content showed the highest value in Clone 0511 of Q. variabilis, and more phosphate and iron was found in Q. monglica than in Q. variabilis. Glucose showed 85.4% and 88.3% on average of the total monosacchrides in two species, and galactose and arabinose were also found. In the content of phosphate, iron, and crude lipid, differences were found between two species and among clones of two species.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.50-67
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• 1993

This study analyzed the distribution and structure of the vegetation landscape in Naejangsan National Park. The plant distribution was investigated using a field survey. There were 72 sites sampled using the clumpled sampling method. The data derived from the investigation was analyzed using the quantitative analysis of Bray-Curtis method. The analysis was performed by the classification of TWINSPAN. The ordination of DCA and RA was used for the species composition and successional trends. The results are as follows; 1. Quercus. serrata-Q. variabilis community as 21.76(16.49$\textrm{km}^2$), was the largest community in the actual vegetation of the Naejangsan National Park. The degree of green naturality index 8 area covered 64.8% of the study area and the index 6 area did 16%. 2. Classified by the ordination of DCA and environmental variables, such as the plant community was divided into seven groups according to the altitude and forming groups; Chamaecy Paris. pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community, Q.variailis community, T.nuciofera-A.palmatum community. 3. Ther species diversity and evenness indices of C.pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community appeared low but C.laxiflora communitywhich was the most stable community in the study area. 4. The similarity indices between Q.variabilis community and Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community were calculated 58.84%, but those between other communities were comparatively low level. 5. The successional trends of DBH class seem to be from C. pisifera-P.densiflora community, P.densiflora community to Quercus species community and from Q.variabilis community, Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community to Carpinus species community. 6. Results suggested that the successional trends in Naejangsan National Park; P.densiflora community\longrightarrowQ.variablilis community, Q.serrata-Q.variabilis community\longrightarrowC.laxiflora community in sequence.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 1994

This study was to analyze the relationship between the community or species and environmental variables of the vegetation landscape in Naejangsan National Park. The analysis was performed by the ordination of DCA and CCA. The study was to compare and analyze the species composition status by the layer and the growth characterisics of the following vegetations ; Torreya nucifera community, Quercus variabilis - Acer palmatum community, Q. variabilis community, Q. variabilis - Sasa purpurascens community and Daphniphyllam macropodum community. The results are as follows; 1. The result of the study on the relationshkp between the stand scores of DCA ordination and environmental variables showed that the soil pH, the ammount of AV-P2O5 and the ammount of C.E.C. tend to increase while Pinus densiflora community changes to Q. variabilis - Q. serrata community and finally Carpinus laxiflora species community siginigicantly. The relation between the stand scores of CCA ordination and several enviromental variables suggested that the species of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii the species of Q. cariabilis and Q. serrata the species of C. pisifera, P. densiflora and Q. aliana in sequence grows in more fertile soil. 2. As the result of the analysis of the T. nucifera community showed, reproduction did not increase, and the characteristic of growth was not affected. The result is shown in the growth curve that was damaged by the climate and the human interference. 3. The A. palmatum was found to be as minor species in the middle layer and the crown areas did not have sufficient crown. 4. The result of the analysis of the relationship between Q. variabilis community and Q. variabilis - S. purpurascens community showed a decreasing tendency in the growth and number of species. 5. D. macropodum which constituted the dominance species in the middle layer had a nomal growth curve, and then the successional trend of D. macropodum species seems to be located in the climax species.