• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.223-236
• /
• 2003

The vegetation in this study area was divided into 10 plant communities: Pinus thunbergii, P. densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. serratea, Q. variabilis, Q. aliena, Q. dentata, Carpinus coreana, Betula davurica and 3 afforestations; Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Castanea crenata. The dominant species in each stratum as determined by R-NCD appeared to be Q. acutissima, P. densiflora, Platycarya strobilacea, Sorbus alnifolia and Q. aliena in the tree-2 layer, Rhododendron mucronulatum, P. strobilacea, Q. serrata, Q. aliena and Q. acutissima in the shrub layer, and Carex lanceolata, C. humilis, R. mucronulatum, Mischanthus sinensis var. purpurascens and Oplismenus undulatifolius in the herb layer. The distribution of diameter at breast height(DBH) showed the highest percentage (56%) in the range of 2∼10㎝ in the study area and it was investigated as being in the restoration phase after disturbance. The average of the age of trees was under 40-years-od. The pH of soil collected at each site appeared to be within the range between 4.53 and 5.10(the average of 4.73) in each community, organic matters appeared higher than the value in Q. mongolica, P. rigida, C. crenata communities compared to P. thunbergii, P. densiflora communities. And soil organic matters and total nitrogen were highly correlated with their contents.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.265-275
• /
• 2006

This study represents the mechanism of progressive succession and potential natural vegetation on the forest vegetation in and surrounding Daegu. As a result of DCA, the feature of community was determined by an altitude and humid gradients. The soil moisture, contents of organic matter and total nitrogen increased as the community developed. In the interspecific association analysis, the forest vegetation was divided into two species groups and they were influenced by temperature and soil moisture. Especially, each two groups showed different stages of vegetation development according to the progressive succession and life form composition supported those results. It was predicted that Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata and Pinus densiflora communities would develop into Q. serrata community or Q. mongolica community depending on their location or species composition. In the study area, the potential natural vegetation was divided into 3 communities by biogeographical gradients such as species composition, soil environment, and geographical features: 1)Q. mongolica community in the middle-upper area of the mountain, 2)Q. serrata community in the middle-lower area of the mountain and 3)Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community in the cove area. It is suggested that the Q.mongolica and C.cordata-A.mono communities become actual vegetation and potential natural vegetation. But it is also suggested that the P. densiflora community would be changed into the potential natural vegetation of the Q. mongolica community and Q. serrata community on the basis of the present species composition.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2020

This study is to analyze the growth response of the Quercus dentata seedlings to four environmental factors and measure the ecological niche breadth. Environmental factors were light, moisture content, soil texture, and organic matter, treated with four gradients. The more quantity light increased, the heavier the leaves biomass, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and plant biomass was. In treatment of water content and soil texture, growth response was no difference. The more organic matter increased, the heavier aboveground biomass was, but the remaining trait of plant was no difference. The ecological niche breadth was 0.865 in light, 0.995 in moisture content, 0.994 in soil texture and 0.988 in nutrient. Ecological niche breadth was the widest in the moisture content treatment and the narrowest in the light treatment. This means that the growth of Q. dentata seedlings grows well as the amount of light increases, and is sensitive to light, Thus, it is determined a growth and ecological niche breadth by light factors.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.28-51
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze forest vegetation structure in Marugeum (the ridge line) area between Dakmokryeong and Daetjae in Baekdudaegan through vegetation classification, importance value, species diversity, and CCA using the data that were collected from 245 quadrates through Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey method from May to September in 2017. The results of the forest vegetation classification identified 8 vegetation units with Quercus mongolica community group at the highest level. Q. mongolica community group was classified into the Cornus controversa community, Buxus koreana community, Sasa borealis community, Abies nephrolepis community, and Q. mongolica typical community. C. controversa community was further classified into Quercus dentata group, Filipendula glaberrima group, Larix kaempferi group, and C. controversa typical group. The result of the important value analysis showed that Q. dentata had the highest importance value at 19.1% in vegetation unit 1 while Q. mongolica had the highest importance value at 22.7%, 38.3%, 25.6%, 41.3%, 27.9%, and 41.6% in vegetation unit 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively, and L. kaempferi had the highest importance value at 27.6% in vegetation unit 3. As such, Q. mongolica species generally represented the communities of Marugeum (the ridge line) area of Dakmokryeong to Daetjae in Baekdudaegan. The results of species diversity showed that vegetation unit 1 and 2 were 3.305 and 3.236, respectively, which were relatively higher than other vegetation units. It was considered that this result was due to the influence of high emergence of present species. The results of the CCA analysis of the correlations between biotic environmental factors and vegetation types showed that vegetation unit 1 was mainly correlated with the megaphanerophyte ratio and vine plant ratio. In the correlations between abiotic environmental factors and vegetation types, vegetation unit 7 was significantly correlated with altitude. From the perspective of ecological management, vegetation unit 5 represented by B. koreana community was inhabited by a variety of plants due to the species composition and location environment due to the geological characteristics that are typical of limestone area. Vegetation unit 7 represented by A. nephrolepis community was typified as subalpine vegetation widely distributed by relict species and endemic species. We concluded that it is necessary to manage these vegetation units with an ecologically differentiated approach.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.462-470
• /
• 2021

To find out the wood species used in national wood structures in the late Joseon Dynasty, 11 volumes of Yeonggeon-Uigwes were reviewed. It was confirmed that the wood was mainly used for the repair and restoration of palaces, shrines, and fortresses. In the 17th to 20th centuries, the wood species specified in Yeonggeon-Uigwes have revealed either hardwood or softwood. As hardwood species, Juglans mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Paulownia coreana, or Quercus spp. (Quercus aliena; Q, variabilis; Q, dentata; Q, acutissima; Q, mongolica; Q, serrata) were used. As softwood species, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were used. Investigation of the wood species is important part because the same species is required as a principle when reparing cultural heritage. In this study, the anatomical images of the wood species were investigated for some samples which were taken from the same species that has been stored in the wood specimen room of the National Institute of Forest Science, instead of the actual wood material used. It was possible to find out the wood species of each member in the wooden cultural heritage buildings by reviewing the Yeonggeon-Uigwes in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the anatomical images of the wood species required for determining the wood species in the repair or restoration of the buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 1987

Exochorda serratifolia, broad-leaved shrub has beautiful flowers and is resistant to cold, shade and decease. New this native plant is considered to be worth being exploited as the outstanding plant for landscaping and horticulture. So this study was executed to utilize Exochorda serratifolia as the planting material for landscaping and horticulture through the survey of its habitat environment and the experimennt of its seed physiology and germination, vegetative propagation, culture and utilization, etc.. The results are as follows ; 1. The color of the flower is white, blooming in the early and middle of May and the seeds ripen late in Sep.. 2. The elevation, elevation, gradient and direction of the native habitat were 250m, 20-25$^{\circ}$and northern side respectively. 3. The soil pH of the natural habitat was 5.3 and soil fertility was poor. 4. Exochorda serratifolia appeared as indicator within P. densiflora community and its neighboring species were Q. mongolica, Q. dentata, R. mucronulatum, L. obtusiloba, E. oxyphillus, C. heterolphylla, var thunbergii, etc.. 5. The optimum temperature for seed germination was found at 20$^{\circ}C$ and the longer the stratification period at 5$^{\circ}C$ was, the lower the germination rate was. 6. The treat merits of GA and Kinetin increased the seed germination rate, especially under the dark condition but their high concentrations decreased the seed germination rate. 7. The rooted rate of the greenwood cutting was the highest at IBA 100ppm plot of vermiculite bed but its high concentration decreased the rooted rate conspicuously. 8. In the tissue culture, the each 1.0 ppd plot of NAA, Kinetin and NAA 1.0ppm + Kinetin showed the best growth. And the mixture of NAA 1.0ppm and Kinetin showed better growth than the single treatment of NAA or Kinetin did. 9. Transplanted Exochorda serratifolia showed healthy growth with shaded environmental condition(42.1% light intensity), therefore they can be cultivated as a shade tolerant landscape plant. 10. It was considered that Exochorda serratifolia was applicable to group planting at shade places or under trees in parks, homes, etc..

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 1982

According to the distance from the industrial complex, 5 sample plots were selected to study the changes of vegetational composition of the forest community caused by air pollution in Ulsan. Then 5 subplots were set within a plot. We considered that this gradient analysis by distance could be coincided with the gradual transition of plant succession. Number of species, number of individuals, species diversity, evenness increased and similarity index decreased with increasing distance from the industrial complex. Robinia pseudoacacia, Smilax china appeared to be tolerant to air pollution whereas Quercus variabilis, Q-aliena, Q. dentata and Albizzia julibrissin to be sensitive.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 1983

This is an investigation on the secondary vegetation and succession in the mixed forests destroyed by the severe crown fires on April 8, 1982. The results are summarized as follows: The floristic compositions in the investigated area are composed of 63 kinds of kinds of vascular plants. The biological type shows $ H-D_1, 4-R_5-e$, which is supposed to make a progress to the $ H-D_1-R_5-e$ type. Dominant species are Spodiopogon sibiricus (100.00)-Carex humilis var. nana (70.52)-Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (61, 06)-Lespedeza maximowiczii (57.53). Lespedexa maximowiczii is prevailing as the dominant species in this area. The species diversity(H) and eveness index(e) show 3.00 and 0.74 respectively, so that the species are various and shows uniform distribution comparatively in these communities. Degree of succession(DS) is 479 in the investigated area, the value of which is comparatively higher than that of Chungcheongbuk-do area at the second year afer fires. After the crown and trunk of trees were scorched by the crown fires, the pine tree (Pinus densiflora) died and the other species could be survivd after sometimes. It some that Quercus serrata. Q. dentata, Maackia amurensis, Lespedez cyrtobotrya, Platycarya strobilacea and Lindera glauca are the fire-resistant plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 1983

This report is a series of the investigation of the secondary vegetation and succession at the forest fire area in Dangji-Dong of Kyungsang-pookdo province. The forest fires occurred on April 8, 1982. This investigation was carried out from June 18, 1982 to May 29, 1983 once in each season. Before to fires, the Pinus densiflora was dominant and the woody plants of understory were mainly composed of the Quercus serrata, Q. dentata, Lespedeza maritima and L. macimowiczii. Compared with the florstic composition between the unburned and burned areas after the fires, the floristic composition of unburned area comprises: 79 families, 194 genera, 223 species, 26 varieties and 6 formae (255 kinds of vascular plants). The index of similary shows 0.77 (S$\Phi$renson:1948) in this area. The analyses of the life-form compositions in the unburned and burned area show 32.9% and 29.3% in dormancy form (H), 42.4% and 37.7% in disseminule form($D_1$), 80.8% and 82.2% in radicoid form ($R_5$), and 57.7% and 61.8% in erect form(e) respectively. The biological type shows H-$D_1$-R5-e, which is common in both areas, and erect form is generally prevailing in these communities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.108-119
• /
• 1996

Several parameters of hydraulic architecture relating to hydraulic conductance in xylem vessels were investigated in the current-year shoots of six species of deciduous oak trees. The above parameters were also investigated in the sprouts of Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis, as well as in the seedlings of Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima. The values of specific conductivity, leaf specific conductivity and Hagen-Poiseuille's relative hydraulic conductivity relating to vessel diameter of Q. dentata were the highest in all of the species studied. The above values of most of the species studied were higher in May-June than in September-October because of increasing the vessel embolism by cavitation and so on through the growing season. The estimated values of relative hydraulic conductivity of vessel by Hagen-Poiseuille's empirical equation and the real values of hydraulic conductivity presented positive relationships in most of the species studied. Huber value and leaf specific conductity using leaf area or leaf weight generally exhibited similar patterns each other even if having some exceptions. The hydraulic conductances of sprouting shoots were much better than those of normal growing shoots in Q. rnongolica and Q. variabilis. The specific conductivity and leaf specific conductivity were rapidly decreased by the vessel embolism through cavitating just after cutting the shoots in Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seedlings. Diurnal changes of the conductivities in the seedlings of Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima presented the possibility of their self-controlling of conductance by active moisture absorption under mild water stress. Specific conductivity and leaf specific conductivity, and so on of Q. acutissima seedlings subjected to periodical moisture stress or not have decreased through the growing season, but the influences of moisture stress to the conductance were not proved definitely because of influencing similarly and simultaneously to the development of xylem and leaf having inverse relation in the influences. The values of conductivities were higher generally in middle or upper parts of stems than root collar in the seedlings.