• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1427-1435
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of a stair-stepped feed intake pattern on growth, feed efficiency, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-seven 11-month-old Hanwoo steers were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was fed according to the Korean steer feeding program, and the other two groups were fed according to an alternated feeding schedule of 3-2-4-2 months. During the first three months of the experiment, treatment group 1 (T1) and treatment group 2 (T2) were fed 20% and 30% less than the control group, respectively. For the following two months, the T1 group was fed 20% more than the control group while the T2 group was fed 20% less than the control group. In the third step, T1 and T2 groups were fed 20% and 10% less, respectively, than the control group for four months. In the last two months, T1 and T2 groups were fed 20% more than the control group. After the stair-step feeding trial, steers were fed concentrated feed ad libitum for five months. The altered feed intake pattern did not affect daily body weight gain. However, daily feed intake tended to decrease and growth efficiency tended to increase in the two treatment groups compared to the control group. Altered feed intake also affected blood metabolite levels. The serum glucose and BUN level of the T1 group increased in the first re-fed period compared to the T2 and control groups. The serum cholesterol level of the T2 group decreased in the first restricted-re-fed growth period compared to the T1 and control groups. The serum NEFA levels of the two treatment groups increased from the first restricted period compared to the controls. The serum insulin level of the T2 group increased in the last period compared to the T1 and control groups. Regarding meat yield index, the control group was significantly higher than the T2 group (p<0.05). Regarding meat yield grade, the carcass back fat thickness of the T2 group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). In marbling score, the T1 group was the highest (4.9), followed by the control group (4.1) and the T2 group (4.0). These results indicate that using a stair-stepped growth pattern (T1) can contribute to improvements in growth efficiency and muscle marbling.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate on the applicability of Load Duration Curve (LDC) method using Maintenance of Variance Extension types 2 method and sampling data for efficient total maximum daily loads at the Nakbon-A unit watershed in Korea. The LDC method allows for characterizing water quality data such as BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P in this study at different flow regimes(or quarters). BOD usually exceeded the standard value (exceedance probability 50%) at low flow zone. On the other hand, TOC, T-N, T-P usually exceeded the standard value at dry and low flow zone. Seasonally all water quality variables usually exceeded the standard value at Q1(Jan-Mar) and Q2(Apr-Jun) zones. Improvement of effluent control from wastewater treatment plants are effective to improve BOD and T-P.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2001

Electrocardiograms in rats fed diets with boiled eggs for 30 days was investigated. Amplitudes of P,Q and R waves were not significant differences among treatment groups. Amplitude of S wave in rats fed the diet with 95% boiled eggs was significantly tended to be increased compared with other groups(P<0.05). Amplitude of T wave in the rats fed the diet with 0% boiled eggs showed the highest values, and there were significant difference among treatment groups fed diets with 0% boiled eggs, 25% and 95% boiled eggs (P<0.05). Durations of P and PQ(PR) waves were high in the rats fed diets with 25% and 50% boiled eggs (P<0.05). Duration of QRS complex showed low in the rats fed diet 0% boiled eggs but not significant difference among treatment groups. Duration of QT was high in the rats fed diet with 0% boiled eggs(P<0.05). This result is assumed that electrocardiograms in the rats is not changed to intake the boiled eggs.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2011

Meniere's disease is an idiopathic syndrome of endolymphatic hydrops characterized by episodic vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss and ear fullness. The etiology and pathophysiology of the disease is still disputed. As yet, no treatment has conclusively modified the clinical course of the condition and thereby prevented the associated progressive hearing loss. We observed two cases of Meniere's disease treated with oriental herbal medication by the diagnosis of Deficiency-Excess. One patient had taken BangHyunOnDam-tang, and the other had taken ChungGanESa-tang. After treatment, vertigo attacks were controlled in both. Tinnitus and hearing loss were improved in one patient and unchanged in the other. Therefore, we believe that oriental herbal treatment may be a therapeutic modality that is effective in controlling Meniere's disease.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.410-423
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• 1994

지속적인 수분 stress 또는 ABA 처리에 따른 주요 경제 수종들의 생리생태학적 수분특성을 밝히기 위하여 생육기 및 일중 측정 시간대 별 기공증산저항과 증산율을 조사하였다. 졸참나무, 신갈나무, 상수리나무, 굴참나무를 포함하는 4종의 참나무류가 시험재료로 이용되었으며 물푸레나무 또한 참나무류와 함께 분석되었다. 건, 습 두가지의 토양 수분 조건으로 처리된 1년생 실생 용기묘를 대상으로 Li-Cor사의 LI-1600 Porometer를 이용하여 6, 8, 9월에 기공증산저항을 반복 측정하였다. 기공의 움직임과 증산에 미치는 ABA의 효과를 알아보기 위해 7월에 0.5mM, 8월에 0.05mM의 ABA 용액을 용기 실생묘에서 절단한 줄기에 흡수시켰다. 대부분의 기공증산저항 측정치는 처리 종류에 관계없이 일출 후 오전에 약 5s/cm에 머물렀다. 그러나 그 값들은 건조구에 속한 묘목에서 오후 중에 자주 20s/cm 이상의 높은 수준으로 변동했다. 여러 가지 처리 및 환경 조건에 관계없이 굴참나무의 기공증산저항은 졸참나무 또는 상수리나무의 경우보다 안정된 값을 보였다. 물푸레나무의 측정치들은 참나무류에 비해 더욱 불규칙한 변화를 보였다. 묘목 절단지에 흡수된 ABA 용액은 대부분의 대상 수종에서 기공증산저항을 증가시켰다. ABA 처리에 대한 기공의 반응은 7월에 굴참나무 및 상수리나무에 비해 졸참나무에서 보다 예민하게 나타났다. 그러나 8월에는 ABA 처리의 영향이 상수리나무에서 보다 크게 나타났다. 물푸레나무에서 ABA에 대한 반응은 다양한 변화 양상 때문에 분명하지 않았다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 1994

The heat treatment charaterristic of SCM 440 and B 16 steels has been investigated in various condition(A, B and C) to the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties, and the following results were obtained. 1. We are obtained a good nitriding characteristic in bainitic structure than other heat treatment cycle in our experiment. 2. Fatigue characteristic has shown in order of B)C)A condition as heat treatment cycle. 3. The effective hardening depth and fatigue characteristic has been excellented in B 16 than SCM 440 after the nitriding and Q. T for Band C condition. 4. Nitriding depth has been increased in addition of Cr, V and the nitriding efficiency is increased as easiness of banite formation to wide range of cooling rate by addition of Mo. 5. The depth of compound layer in parallel surface, notched slop plane and notched bottom has been varied to the nitriding depth of 5, 4 and 3 ${\mu}$ in relatively uniform pattern after 10h nitriding treatment for SCM 440 into A condition.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Analysis of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence implicated treatment of 40 mM NaCl decreased maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield of PSII (${\Phi}_{PSII}$), and photochemical quenching (qP) in rice, but increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Decreases in Fv/Fm, ${\Phi}_{PSII}$, and qP were significantly alleviated by $30\;{\mu}M$ jasmonic acid (JA), while NPQ increase was enhanced. Transcription levels of antioxidant isoenzyme genes were differentially modulated by NaCl treatment. Expression of cCuZn-SOD2 gene increased, while those of cAPXb, CATb, and CATc genes decreased. JA prevented salt-induced decrease of pCuZn-SOD gene expression, but caused greater decrease in mRNA levels of cAPXa and Chl_tAPX genes. Investigation of vacuolar $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger (NHX2) and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene expressions revealed transcription level of NHX2 gene was increased by JA, regardless of NaCl presence, while that of P5CS gene slightly increased only in co-presence of JA and NaCl. Unlike JA, ${\gamma}$-radiation rarely affected expressions of antioxidant isoenzyme, NHX2, and P5CS genes, except for increase in mRNA level of Chl_tAPX and decrease in that of pCuZn-SOD. These results demonstrate enhanced salt-tolerance in JA-treated rice seedlings may be partly due to high transcription levels of pCuZn-SOD, NHX2, and P5CS genes under salt stress.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

The steady-static creep behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, using the constant stress creep tester, were investigated over the temperature range of $510{\sim}550^{\circ}C$(0.42~0.44Tm) and the stress range of 200~275 MPa($20.41{\sim}28.06kg/mm^2$). The stress exponents(n) for the static creep deformation of this alloy were 9.85, 9.35, 9.24 and 8.85 at the temperature of 510, 525, 535 and $550^{\circ}C$, respectively. The stress exponent(n) decreased with increasing the temperature and became close to about 5. The apparent activation energies(Q) for the static creep deformation were 254.4, 241.8, 234.4 and 221.9 kJ/mole for the stress of 200, 225, 250 and 275MPa, respectively. The activation energy(Q) decreased with increasing the stress. From the above results, it can be concluded that the static creep deformation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy was controlled by the dislocation climb over the ranges of the experimental conditions. Larson-Miller Parameter(P) for the crept specimens of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under the static creep conditions was obtained as $P=(T+460)({\log}\;t_r+21)$. The failure plane observed by SEM showed up dimple phenomenon at all range.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2020

다단수직형 적층 방식의 질산화조가 포함된 2㎥/d 병합폐수처리 파일럿플랜트를 설치하여, pH8 이상, DO 1mg/L, 내부반송율 4Q이상의 단축질소제거공정의 질산화조 운전 조건으로 약 1년 이상 운영하였다. 음폐수와 침출수의 경제적인 병합 처리를 위하여, 유분이 최소화된 음폐수를 전체 처리량의 5~25%로 조절하여 최적의 병합 비율을 검토하였다. 음폐수의 고형물과 유분을 효과적으로 분리하기 위하여 도입된 3상원심분리기의 주요 처리 효율은 SS는 116,000mg/L에서 55,700mg/L로 약 52% 제거 되었으며, 노르말헥산(N-H)의 농도는 53,200mg/L에서 27,800mg/L로 약 48%로 제거되었다. 운전 기간 중 병합 폐수처리 공정의 BOD 평균 제거 효율은 99.3%, CODcr 94.2%, CODmn 90%, SS 70.1%, T-N 85.8%, T-P 99.2%로 분석되었다. 처리수의 BOD, CODcr, T-N, T-P 평균 농도는 침출수 배출허용 기준("나"지역)을 만족하였으며, SS는 멤브레인조를 적용한 후 만족하였다. 현장의 침출수는 유량조정조의 간헐적 폭기 및 월별 상이한 방출량의 영향으로 병합폐수 중 아질산성 질소의 성분이 비교적 높았다. 아질산성질소가 축적된 상태에서도 완전질산화 후 탈질보다는, 아질산성 질소에서 탈질되는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 운전기간 중 평균 소포제 투입량은 약 2L/d으로 같은 폐수를 처리할 시 필요한 메탄올 투입량 약 2.8L/d 대비하여 경제적인 것으로 보인다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2001

Objective: In muscle and neuronal cells, calcium channels have been classified by electrophysiological and pharmacological properties into (1) voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$-channel (1) P/Q-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (2) N-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (3) L-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (4) T-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (5) R-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel. The present study was done in order to investigate whether there is any difference in $Ca^{2+}$-channel distribution between activated and normally fertilized embryos. Methods: The immunocytochemical method was used to identify the existence of voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$-channels in parthenogenetically activated 2-cell embryos by ethanol and $SrCl_2$ treatment. These 2-cell embryos were obtained by exposure to 6% ethanol for 6 min and to 10 mM $SrCl_2$ for 2h. Results: P/Q-type $Ca^{2+}$-channels and L-type $Ca^{2+}$-channels have been identified. Whereas, three type of $Ca^{2+}$-channel P/Q-type, N-type, L-type have been identified in 2-cell embryos fertilized in vivo. Conclusion: Activation by ethanol was faster than those by $SrCl_2$. However, there was difference in DAB staining of the embryos between ethanol and $SrCl_2$ treatment (87.7% and 54.1 %). Intensity of staining was also different between ethanol- and $SrCl_2$-treated group. However, it has not been known why there was some difference in DAB staining and staining intensity in the present study.